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Structural and photoelectrochemical studies of electrodeposited lead dioxide filmsCampbell, S. A. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
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Design, Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Studies of Novel Cyclometalated Pyrazolate-Bridged Dinuclear Platinum(II) ComplexesChakraborty, Arnab 28 March 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Elaboração, aplicação e análise de um caso investigativo no ensino de eletroquímica / Development, implementation and analysis of an investigative case in teaching electrochemical.Czekster, Hellen Christine 02 October 2014 (has links)
O presente trabalho trata de uma abordagem com uso de metodologia alternativa, o Estudo de Casos, com o objetivo de facilitar a aprendizagem de conceitos específicos de eletroquímica para alunos de primeiro ano do curso de Licenciatura em Química. Esta pesquisa considera a importância do aluno atuar de modo ativo durante seu processo de aprendizagem. A metodologia de Estudo de Casos é uma variante do PBL (ProblemBased Learning) que proporciona ao aluno a oportunidade de vivenciar uma experiência real de aplicação de conceitos e habilidades que devem ser desenvolvidas ao longo de sua formação. Os estudantes trabalharam em grupos durante a aplicação do método que se deu em quatro encontros, onde, ao longo das atividades responderam a testes e elaboraram relatórios que foram os instrumentos de coleta de dados do estudo. No ultimo encontro os grupos apresentaram a solução do caso investigativo para o restante da turma e para o professor que mediou a atividade. Foram encontradas evidencias de que o método é eficiente na promoção de uma aprendizagem mais significativa. O método foi bem recebido pelos alunos e foi perceptível uma ampliação na coerência das respostas que se mostraram melhor fundamentadas após a intervenção. / The following paper is about an approach with an alternative methodology, Case Studies, with the intention of smoothing the act of learning specific content of electrochemistry for first graders of Chemistry graduation. This research considers the importance of the student on acting proactively on his learning process. The methodology of the Case Studies is a variant of the PBL (Problem Based Learning) which provides the student the unique chance to experience a real experiment of concept application and skills that must be developed during his formation as a professional. The students work in groups during the application of the method that took place in four encounters, where, during the activities they answered to tests and made reports that were the tools to collect the data. In the last encounter the groups presented the solution to the Investigative Case to the remainder of the class and the teacher that conducted the exercise. It was found evidences that the method is efficient on the promotion of a more meaningful learning experience. The process was well received and it was noticeable a rising coherence on the answers that were better substantiated after the intervention.
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Elaboração, aplicação e análise de um caso investigativo no ensino de eletroquímica / Development, implementation and analysis of an investigative case in teaching electrochemical.Hellen Christine Czekster 02 October 2014 (has links)
O presente trabalho trata de uma abordagem com uso de metodologia alternativa, o Estudo de Casos, com o objetivo de facilitar a aprendizagem de conceitos específicos de eletroquímica para alunos de primeiro ano do curso de Licenciatura em Química. Esta pesquisa considera a importância do aluno atuar de modo ativo durante seu processo de aprendizagem. A metodologia de Estudo de Casos é uma variante do PBL (ProblemBased Learning) que proporciona ao aluno a oportunidade de vivenciar uma experiência real de aplicação de conceitos e habilidades que devem ser desenvolvidas ao longo de sua formação. Os estudantes trabalharam em grupos durante a aplicação do método que se deu em quatro encontros, onde, ao longo das atividades responderam a testes e elaboraram relatórios que foram os instrumentos de coleta de dados do estudo. No ultimo encontro os grupos apresentaram a solução do caso investigativo para o restante da turma e para o professor que mediou a atividade. Foram encontradas evidencias de que o método é eficiente na promoção de uma aprendizagem mais significativa. O método foi bem recebido pelos alunos e foi perceptível uma ampliação na coerência das respostas que se mostraram melhor fundamentadas após a intervenção. / The following paper is about an approach with an alternative methodology, Case Studies, with the intention of smoothing the act of learning specific content of electrochemistry for first graders of Chemistry graduation. This research considers the importance of the student on acting proactively on his learning process. The methodology of the Case Studies is a variant of the PBL (Problem Based Learning) which provides the student the unique chance to experience a real experiment of concept application and skills that must be developed during his formation as a professional. The students work in groups during the application of the method that took place in four encounters, where, during the activities they answered to tests and made reports that were the tools to collect the data. In the last encounter the groups presented the solution to the Investigative Case to the remainder of the class and the teacher that conducted the exercise. It was found evidences that the method is efficient on the promotion of a more meaningful learning experience. The process was well received and it was noticeable a rising coherence on the answers that were better substantiated after the intervention.
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Spectral, Electrochemical, and Solar Cell Studies of Peripheral Modified Carboxy Zinc PorphyrinsAlsaleh, Ajyal Zaki 05 1900 (has links)
Six peripherally meso-modified Zn (II) porphyrin sensitizer dyes are designed and their J-V performance in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) evaluated. Electron-donating groups including phenothiazine, carbazole and pyrene are used to modify the porphyrin macrocycle at the meso-carbon position(s). To compare the effect of donor substitution on the performance of the cells in terms of short circuit current (Jsc), light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and power conversion efficiency (η), two sets of sensitizers with different degrees of substitution are synthesized. One set of dyes (mono-substituted) have one electron donor at trans-position to the acceptor, while the second set (tri-substituted) dyes have three of the same type electron donor groups at 5, 10 and 15 meso-carbon positions making all the six dyes push-pull type sensitizers incorporating 4'-carboxyphenyl as an electron-acceptor/anchor group. Different spectroscopic and electrochemical methods are used to study the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the dyes, while the photovoltaic performance of their cells under 1.5 A.M is studied using solar simulator. Meso-substitution of Zinc (II) porphyrin with these small donor molecules is shown to improve the light harvesting character of the Zinc (II) porphyrin macrocycle in the UV-Vis absorption while at same time improving its fluorescence quantum yield, excited-state life time and electron donating potential. All these factors combined make these meso-modified dyes better sensitizers with suitable Δ0 Δ0, and much improved power conversion efficiencies (PCE) compared to unsubstituted Zn (II) porphyrin. In particular, as a result of the peripheral modification, a doubling in efficiency in the mono- substituted series (RA-200-Zn; η=^M 4.2%, Jsc= -13.13 mA cm-2, Voc=0.54 ) and tripling in the tri-substituted series ( tri-phenothiazine Zn (II) Porphyrin; η= 7.3%, Jsc= -18.15 mA cm-2, Voc= 0.55 ) compared to unsubstituted Zn (II) porphyrin (η= 2.11%, Jsc= -5.7 mA cm-2, Voc= 0.53 V) has been accomplished.
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Obtaining, characterization and application of additives antioxidants derivatives of the main shareholders of the constituents of the bark cashew nuts / ObtenÃÃo, caracterizaÃÃo e aplicaÃÃo de aditivos antioxidantes derivados dos principais constituintes do lÃquido da casca da castanha de cajuFrancisco Jonas Nogueira Maia 23 June 2015 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Organic substrates derived from petroleum such as gasoline, diesel, lubricants, polymers and natural organic products, such as biofuels are, in most cases, susceptible to oxidation process that occurs initially through formation of free radicals, which modifies the chemical characteristics and alters the properties of these materials. Aiming the inhibition or reduction of the oxidative process, many works have been directed to the development of additives that prevent the formation and the action of radical species, called antioxidant additives. From this perspective, the studies carried out in this work relates the application of phenolic compounds obtained from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (cardanol and cardol), as well as their alkylated, nitrated and phosphorated derivatives in the inhibition of the oxidation processes of organic substrates and the investigation of the mechanism of action these compounds, providing useful information about the relationship between antioxidant activity and the structural composition of these substances. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of cardanol, cardol and tert-butylated cardanol was initially developed by electrochemical study and accelerated oxidation tests, which allowed, respectively, the determination of the anodic peak potential (Epa) and induction time (IT). In these experiments, special emphasis was given to cardol and tert-butylated derivative of cardanol, which had the lowest values of Epa (0,66 e 0,68 V, respectively) and provide higher IT values (7,87 e 7,02 h respectively), characterized as the best phenolic antioxidants tested. These tests also showed that unsaturated compounds exhibit antioxidant action superior to their saturated analogues (cardol, cardanol, and tert-butylated cardanol unsaturated had mean values of IT approximately 0.42 hours higher than its analogs saturated). The superiority of cardol and tert-butylated cardanol was also observed in comparison to nitro compounds derived from saturated cardanol, showing that groups donor of electrons has a positive effect on the action of these compounds as antioxidants. The performance of phosphorous compounds derived from cardanol was, in turn, confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, obtained from biodiesel samples doped with these compounds in ratios ranging from 500 to 2000 ppm. In this study, it was observed that the phosphorous compounds promoted a maximum increase of 18,5 ÂC in the initial degradation temperature of the tested biodiesel sample. Thermogravimetric analysis of cardanol, cardol, tert-butylated cardanol and phosphorus compounds also showed that these compounds exhibited thermo-oxidative resistance larger than commercial antioxidants as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In general, the results, presented in this work, demonstrated the antioxidant activity of compounds derived from the CNSL, presenting useful means of determining its performance and practical application as antioxidant additive for biodiesel. / Substratos orgÃnicos derivados do petrÃleo como a gasolina, o diesel, lubrificantes, polÃmeros e, produtos orgÃnicos de origem natural como os biocombustÃveis, sÃo, na sua maioria, suscetÃveis ao processo de oxidaÃÃo, o qual ocorre, inicialmente, pela formaÃÃo de radicais livres, que atuam modificando as caracterÃsticas quÃmicas e provocando alteraÃÃes nas propriedades desses materiais. Com o objetivo de inibir ou retardar a oxidaÃÃo, muitas pesquisas tÃm se dedicado ao desenvolvimento de aditivos que combatem a formaÃÃo e a atuaÃÃo das espÃcies radicalares, chamados de aditivos antioxidantes. Nessa perspectiva, os estudos desenvolvidos nesse trabalho referem-se à aplicaÃÃo de compostos fenÃlicos obtidos a partir do LÃquido da Casca da Castanha de Caju (cardanol e cardol), bem como de seus derivados alquilados, nitrados e fosforados, na inibiÃÃo do processo oxidativo de substratos orgÃnicos e na investigaÃÃo do mecanismo de aÃÃo desses compostos, oferecendo informaÃÃes sobre a relaÃÃo entre a atividade e a composiÃÃo estrutural dessas substÃncias. A avaliaÃÃo da capacidade antioxidante do cardanol, cardol e do cardanol terc-butilado foi inicialmente desenvolvida a partir de estudos eletroquÃmicos e testes de oxidaÃÃo acelerada, que permitiram a determinaÃÃo do potencial de pico anÃdico (Epa) e do tempo de induÃÃo (TI), respectivamente. Nesses experimentos, destaque especial foi dado ao cardol e ao derivado terc-butilado do cardanol, que apresentaram os menores valores de Epa, (0,66 e 0,68 V, respectivamente) e proporcionaram os maiores tempos de induÃÃo (7,87 e 7,02 horas, respectivamente), caracterizando-se como os melhores antioxidantes fenÃlicos testados. Esses testes mostraram tambÃm que os compostos insaturados apresentam aÃÃo antioxidante superior aos seus anÃlogos saturados (cardol, cardanol terc-butilado e cardanol insaturados apresentaram valores mÃdios de TI cerca de 0,42 horas superior a seus anÃlogos saturados). A superioridade do cardol e do cardanol terc-butilado foi tambÃm observada em comparaÃÃo aos compostos nitrados derivados do cardanol saturado, mostrando que grupos doadores de elÃtrons tem efeito positivo na aÃÃo desses compostos como antioxidantes. O desempenho dos compostos fosforados obtidos a partir do cardanol foi, por sua vez, comprovado por anÃlises termogravimÃtricas, pelo emprego de amostras de biodiesel dopadas com esses compostos em proporÃÃes que variaram de 500 a 2000 ppm. Nesse estudo, foi possÃvel observar que os compostos fosforados promoveram um aumento mÃximo de 18,5 ÂC na temperatura inicial de degradaÃÃo da amostra de biodiesel testada. As anÃlises termogravimÃtricas do cardanol, cardol, cardanol terc-butilado e dos compostos fosforados mostraram tambÃm que esses compostos apresentaram resistÃncia ao processo termo-oxidativo superior a antioxidantes comercias como o butilhidrixitolueno (BHT). De forma geral, os resultados apresentados nesse trabalho comprovam a aÃÃo antioxidante de compostos derivados do LCC, apresentando meios Ãteis para a determinaÃÃo de seu desempenho e aplicaÃÃo prÃtica como aditivo antioxidante para biodieseis.
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