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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting

El-Rayes, Karim 06 November 2014 (has links)
The demand for portable permanent sources of electrical energy increases every day to power portable or non-accessible devices. Energy harvesting from vibrations offers a non-traditional source of energy. It is renewable and prevailing, since nature around is rich in kinetic energy that can be harvested. In this work, we have developed two mechanisms to harvest energy from low-frequency vibrations present in nature using electromagnetic transduction. The harvesting mechanisms use a mass-on-spring mechanical oscillator to capture kinetic energy from a host body. Prototypes embodying the two harvesting mechanisms were fabricated and tested. We identi ed the system parameters of the harvester prototypes and generated their frequency-response curves. We analyzed the results using and compared them with mathematical models of the system dynamics to characterize the harvesters' performance including their output power, center frequency, and harvesting bandwidth. We were successful in demonstrating energy harvesters that can harvest low-frequency vibration with center frequencies in the range of 8-14 Hz, harvesting bandwidth in the range of 8-12Hz, and output power on the order of 1mW. The realized harvesters are relatively small, a few inches in dimension, and light, a few tens of grams in mass. We also introduced a novel electromagnetic transduction mechanism that can be used in harvesting low-frequency vibrations.
2

Experimental and Analytical Characterization of a Transducer for Energy Harvesting Through Electromagnetic Induction

Domme, Daniel Joseph 19 May 2008 (has links)
Advances in mechatronics have renewed interest in the harvesting and storage of ambient vibration energy. This work documents recent efforts to model a novel electromagnetic transducer design that is intended for use in energy harvesting. The thesis details methods of experimental characterization as well as model validation. Also presented are methods of state space and parametric modelling eforts. In addition, this thesis presents equivalent electrical circuit models with a focus on switched pulse-width-modulated topologies that seek to maximize harvested energy. / Master of Science
3

Développement d’une plateforme de détection de gaz, utilisant un capteur différentiel flexible imprimé à transducteurs micro-ondes et matériaux composites carbonés / Development of gas detection platform, using a printed flexible differential sensor with microwave transducers and carbon composite materials

Bahoumina, Prince 09 July 2018 (has links)
Depuis la révolution industrielle les niveaux des concentrations atmosphériques des gaz à effet de serre ne cessent d’augmenter provocant ainsi une accélération du réchauffement climatique. Les composés organiques volatils (COVs) contribuent non seulement à cet effet de serre mais aussi à la pollution environnementale qui a un impact négatif sur toutes les espèces vivantes de la planète. Par exemple, au cours de l’année 2012, la pollution de l'air a été à l’origine 7 millions de décès, selon l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) [1]. Très récemment, une étude médicale de la commission Lancet sur la pollution et la santé a révélé qu'en 2015 un décès sur six était lié à la pollution de l'air et de l'eau, 6,5 millions de décès dans le monde chaque année sont liés à la pollution de l'air intérieur et extérieur [2]. En effet, les COVs, très volatils et utilisés comme solvants par exemple, peuvent être indirectement à l’origine de toux, d’inconfort thoracique, de gêne douloureuse, d’essoufflement respiratoire, d’irritation nasale ou oculaire ou encore de la gorge. Ils peuvent aussi être directement toxiques ou explosifs ou encore perturbateurs de la réponse immunitaire. De plus certains d’entre eux sont classés CMR (cancérogène, mutagène et reprotoxique). Dans ces conditions une meilleure connaissance des effets liés à l’exposition aux COVs sur la santé et l’environnement est vraiment nécessaire. Cette connaissance passe également par la détection et la quantification des concentrations de COVs afin de proposer un meilleur aménagement des environnements et d'alerter les individus concernés en temps réel sur les dangers encourus. La plupart des plateformes déjà existantes ou commercialisées sont soient trop coûteuses, soient très consommatrices d'énergie, soient fonctionnelles à des températures élevées, soient instables pour la détection en temps réel ou à long terme ce qui limite la prolifération des sites de mesures. Ainsi, cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine des capteurs de gaz dédiés pour la détection de la pollution dans l’air. Elle porte sur le développement d’une plateforme de détection, de suivi et de quantification des composés organiques volatils (COVs) en temps réel, utilisant un capteur de gaz différentiel flexible et imprimé basé sur des transducteurs micro-ondes et des matériaux carbonés polymères composites comme couches sensibles. Le dispositif proposé vise à fournir des informations directement exploitables pour constituer à terme une plateforme de faible coût embarquée, dédiée à l’internet des objets pour faciliter la prolifération des sites de détection et de contrôle en réalisant des réseaux de capteurs communicants sans fil fonctionnant en environnements variés. / Since the Industrial Revolution, the levels of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have been increasing, causing an acceleration of global warming. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute not only to this greenhouse effect, but also to environmental pollution, which has a negative impact on all living species on the planet. For example, in the year 2012, air pollution caused 7 million deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. In addition, a very recent medical study by the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health found that one in six deaths in 2015 was related to air and water pollution [2]. Also, indoor and outdoor air pollution is linked to 6.5 million deaths worldwide each year. VOCs can indirectly cause cough, chest discomfort, painful discomfort, shortness of breath, as well as nasal, ocular or throat irritation. They can also be directly toxic or explosive or disruptive of the immune response. In addition, some of them are classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic). They are very volatile and often used as solvents for example. In these conditions, a better understanding of the health and environmental effects of exposure to VOCs is necessary. Such knowledge also involves the detection and quantification of VOC concentrations in order to propose a better management of the environments and to alert people in real time of the dangers incurred. Most of the existing or commercially available platforms are either too expensive, energy intensive, high temperature functional, unstable for real-time or long-term detection, which limits the proliferation of measurement sites. This thesis is in the field of dedicated gas sensors for the detection of pollution in the air. It deals with the development of a platform for the detection, monitoring and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in real time, using a flexible and printed differential gas sensor based on microwave transducers and composite polymeric carbon materials as sensitive layers. The proposed device aims at providing directly exploitable information such as a low-cost embedded platform dedicated to the Internet of things and which offers increasing possibilities for the proliferation of detection and control sites by realizing networks of wireless communicating sensors operating in various environments.

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