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Sistema multicanal de geração e recepção de ondas ultra-sonicas para transdutor matricial linear / Multichannel system for generation and detection of ultrasonic waves with a linear array transducerZanella, Fabio Pieroni 19 July 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Eduardo Tavares Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T02:41:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O ultra-som na medicina tem passado por enorme evolução nas últimas décadas e ocupado posição de destaque cada vez maior como ferramenta para terapia e diagnóstico. Isso é devido principalmente ao fato de que os equipamentos de diagnóstico por ultra-som são de relativo baixo custo, o ultra-som é uma radiação não-ionizante e permite realização de exame por método não-invasivo e as imagens são geradas e visualizadas em tempo real. Na geração de imagens deste tipo, é comum a utilização de transdutores matriciais. Entretanto, o Brasil apresenta defasagem tecnológica com respeito à construção destes transdutores e à eletrônica envolvida em sua operação. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento de circuitos eletrônicos com 12 canais de geração e de recepção de ondas ultra-sônicas para operação com transdutor matricial linear. O sistema é capaz de excitar transdutores piezoelétricos e receber ecos ultra-sônicos na faixa de 0,5 a 30 MHz e tem seus circuitos de recepção protegidos contra a alta tensão dos pulsos gerados para a excitação do transdutor. Os disparos dos elementos do transdutor e o tempo de corte dos sinais nos circuitos de recepção, para evitar receber sinais indesejáveis referentes ao período inicial de oscilação do transdutor, são controlados via circuito com microcontrolador PIC 16F877 que, juntamente com o programa de controle, foram desenvolvidos para conectar o sistema a um microcomputador. Os 12 canais foram caracterizados eletricamente e verificou-se seu funcionamento utilizando um transdutor piezoelétrico linear de 12 elementos com 1 MHz de freqüência central, especialmente desenvolvido para este trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema funciona adequadamente, gerando imagem de um phantom construído em nosso laboratório / Abstract: Ultrasound in medicine has gone through great evolution in the last few decades and has occupied important position as a tool for therapy and diagnosis. This is due to the ultrasound equipment be of relatively low-cost, ultrasound is a non-ionizing radiation, is a non-invasive imaging method, and the images are created and seen in real time. It is common the use of transducer arrays in order to generate this kind of image. There is a lack of know how in Brazil relative to the construction of these transducers and the involved electronics in their operation. The objective of this work was the development of a multi-purpose 12 channel pulser/receiver electronic circuitry to operate with linear transducer arrays. The system is able to fire ultrasound piezoelectric transducers and to receive ultrasound echo signals in the range 0.5-30 MHz. The system has reception circuits with protection against high voltage pulses. The firing of transducer elements and cutting time of the reception circuits, to avoid unwanted signals of natural initial transducer oscillations, can be controlled via PIC 16F877 hardware and software designed to connect the system to a microcomputer. The electrical characteristics of the 12 channel pulser/receiver and its use in firing a specially constructed 1 MHz 12 element PZT transducer array has been carried out and the images of a specially constructed phantom showed that it can be used in laboratory conditions / Mestrado / Engenharia Biomedica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Système thermoélectrique pour la récupération d'énergie : modélisation électrique et continuité de service de la circuiterie électronique / Thermoelectric system for energy harvesting : electrical modeling and continuity of service of electronic circuitSiouane, Saïma 06 December 2017 (has links)
La récupération d'énergie thermique basée sur les générateurs thermoélectriques (TEG) est utilisée dans de nombreuses applications telles que les dispositifs médicaux auto-alimentés. La sûreté de fonctionnement et la continuité de service de ces systèmes sont aujourd'hui des préoccupations majeures. Ainsi, toute défaillance au niveau d'un des interrupteurs commandables de la circuiterie électronique d'interface peut provoquer de graves dysfonctionnements du système. Tout défaut non détecté et non compensé peut mettre en danger l'ensemble du système et interrompt l'alimentation en énergie de la charge. Par conséquent, la mise en œuvre d'une compensation de défaut efficace et rapide est impérative afin d'assurer la continuité de service. Dans ces travaux de recherche, nous étudions la continuité de service d'une interface électronique pour TEG basée sur une conversion à deux étages Buck/Buck-Boost cascadés. Une modélisation électrique générique (modèle de Thévenin) du TEG sous différentes conditions de fonctionnement et prenant en compte l'ensemble des résistances thermiques de contact est tout d'abord présentée. Ensuite, une méthode de compensation de défaut de type circuit-ouvert au niveau de l'interrupteur commandable de l'un des deux convertisseurs DC-DC est également proposée. Nous présentons une topologie originale de convertisseur DC-DC à tolérance de pannes, sans redondance matérielle classique. Cette topologie permet d'assurer la continuité de service du système de récupération d'énergie en mode nominal. Les études théoriques ont été validées par simulation et par des tests expérimentaux / Thermal energy harevsting based on thermoelectric generators is used in many applications such as self-powered medical devices. The reliability and continuity of service of these systems are now major concerns. Furthermore, any failure in the controllable switch of the electronic interface circuitry can cause serious system malfunctions. Any undetected and uncompensated fault can endanger the entire system and interrupt the power supply to the load. Therefore, the implementation of an efficient and rapid fault compensation is imperative in order to ensure the continuity of service. In this research, we study the continuity of service of an electronic interface for TEG, based on a two-stage conversion cascaded Buck/Buck-Boost. A generic electrical modeling of the TEG model under different operating conditions and with taking into account all the thermal contact resistances is first presented. Next, an open-circuit fault compensation method of the controllable switch of one of the two DC-DC converters is also proposed. We present an original fault-tolerant DC-DC converter topology with no conventional hardware redundancy. This topology ensures the continuity of service of the energy recovery system in nominal mode. Theoretical studies were validated by simulation and experimental tests
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