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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modeling of dynamical vortex states in charge density waves / Modélisation des états dynamiques de vortex dans des ondes de densité de charge

Yi, Tianyou 24 September 2012 (has links)
La formation des ondes de densité de charge (ODC) est un phénomène de brisure de symétrie qui apparaît dans systèmes électroniques, et particulièrement dans les conducteurs quasi-unidimensionnels. Elle est observée aussi bien dans les matériaux très anisotropes que les isotropes comme par exemple les supraconducteurs pnictures. L'ODC peut être vue comme une déformation sinusoïdale de la densité électronique et de la modulation du réseau, ou également comme un cristal de singulets électroniques. Dans un état d'ODC, les cellules élémentaires peuvent être modifiées en absorbant ou en rejetant des paires d'électrons. Un tel processus passe par des configurations topologiquement non triviales: des solitons et des dislocations, ou plus généralement des vortex d'ODC. Ces états inhomogènes peuvent être obtenus expérimentalement dans des nano-produits appelés ''mésa-jonctions'', et observés à l'aide d'un microscope à effet tunnel ou d’une radiographie par micro-diffraction. Afin de simuler ces expériences, nous avons réalisé un programme modélisant les états stationnaires d'ODC ainsi que leur dynamique transitoire à travers des géométries restreintes auxquelles sont appliquées une tension ou un courant. Le modèle prend en compte plusieurs champs en interaction non linéaire: le paramètre d'ordre complexe d'ODC, la distribution de champ électrique, ainsi que la densité et le courant des autres porteurs de charge. Nous avons utilisé une approche de type Ginzburg-Landau ainsi qu'une extension basée sur une propriété d'invariance chirale. A l'aide de ce programme, nous avons observé la création progressive de dislocations statiques dans les jonctions. La dynamique transitoire est alors très riche avec notamment des créations, des annihilations et des balayages de vortex multiples. Des chutes de tension apparaissent au centre des dislocations, créant ainsi des jonctions tunnel microscopiques à travers lesquelles transitent des paires électron-trou. Les résultats qualitatifs obtenus sont en très bon accord avec les observations expérimentales. Ce model peut aussi être étendu à tout type de cristaux électronique comme les cristaux de Wigner dans les hétéro-jonctions et les nano-fils, les ODC dans les composés de chaîne, les ondes de densité de spin dans les conducteurs organiques, ou encore les structures de bandes dans les oxydes dopés. La reconstruction des ODC dans les jonctions tunnel peut aussi trouver son importance dans l'étude des effets de champs sur les matériaux fortement corrélés induisant des brisures spontanées de symétries. / Formation of charge density waves (CDW) is a symmetry breaking phenomenon found in electronic systems, which is particularly common in quasi-one-dimensional conductors. It is widely observed from highly anisotropic materials to isotropic ones like the superconducting pnictides. The CDW is seen as a sinusoidal deformation of coupled electronic density and lattice modulation; it can be also viewed as a crystal of singlet electronic pairs. In the CDW state, the elementary units can be readjusted by absorbing or rejecting pairs of electrons. Such a process should go via topologically nontrivial configurations: solitons and dislocations - the CDW vortices. An experimental access to these inhomogeneous CDW states came from studies of nano-fabricated mesa-junctions, from the STM and from the X-ray micro-diffraction. Following these requests, we have performed a program of modeling stationary states and of their transient dynamic for the CDW in restricted geometries under applied voltage or at passing normal currents. The model takes into account multiple fields in mutual nonlinear interactions: the two components of the CDW complex order parameter, and distributions of the electric field, the density and the current of normal carriers. We were using the Ginzburg-Landau type approach and also we have derived its extension based on the property of the chiral invariance. We observed the incremental creation of static dislocations within the junctions. The transient dynamics is very rich showing creation, annihilation and sweeping of multiple vortices. The dislocations cores concentrate the voltage drops thus providing self-tuned microscopic junctions where the tunneling creation of electron-hole pairs can take place. The results obtained from this model agree with experiment observations. The methods can be extended to other types of charge organization known under the general name of the Electronic Crystal. It takes forms of Wigner crystals at hetero-junctions and in nano-wires, CDWs in chain compounds, spin density waves in organic conductors, and stripes in doped oxides. The studied reconstruction in junctions of the CDW may be relevant also to modern efforts of the field-effect transformations in strongly correlated materials with a spontaneous symmetry breaking.
2

Modeling of dynamical vortex states in charge density waves

Yi, Tianyou 24 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Formation of charge density waves (CDW) is a symmetry breaking phenomenon found in electronic systems, which is particularly common in quasi-one-dimensional conductors. It is widely observed from highly anisotropic materials to isotropic ones like the superconducting pnictides. The CDW is seen as a sinusoidal deformation of coupled electronic density and lattice modulation; it can be also viewed as a crystal of singlet electronic pairs. In the CDW state, the elementary units can be readjusted by absorbing or rejecting pairs of electrons. Such a process should go via topologically nontrivial configurations: solitons and dislocations - the CDW vortices. An experimental access to these inhomogeneous CDW states came from studies of nano-fabricated mesa-junctions, from the STM and from the X-ray micro-diffraction. Following these requests, we have performed a program of modeling stationary states and of their transient dynamic for the CDW in restricted geometries under applied voltage or at passing normal currents. The model takes into account multiple fields in mutual nonlinear interactions: the two components of the CDW complex order parameter, and distributions of the electric field, the density and the current of normal carriers. We were using the Ginzburg-Landau type approach and also we have derived its extension based on the property of the chiral invariance. We observed the incremental creation of static dislocations within the junctions. The transient dynamics is very rich showing creation, annihilation and sweeping of multiple vortices. The dislocations cores concentrate the voltage drops thus providing self-tuned microscopic junctions where the tunneling creation of electron-hole pairs can take place. The results obtained from this model agree with experiment observations. The methods can be extended to other types of charge organization known under the general name of the Electronic Crystal. It takes forms of Wigner crystals at hetero-junctions and in nano-wires, CDWs in chain compounds, spin density waves in organic conductors, and stripes in doped oxides. The studied reconstruction in junctions of the CDW may be relevant also to modern efforts of the field-effect transformations in strongly correlated materials with a spontaneous symmetry breaking.

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