Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--München.

Univ., Diss.--Köln, 1997.

Wir schlagen einen allgemein anwendbaren Algorithmus vor, der unter Verwendung des Skalarprodukts von Kraft und Weg zum richtigen Vorzeichen in den Gleichungen für die Arbeit und die Potentielle Energie bei reversiblen Prozessen (Druck-Volumen-Änderung, Dehnung, Elektrostatische Wechselwirkung, Hub)führt. Wir zeigen, dass es dabei möglich ist, systemimmanente oder externe Kräfte zu benutzen. Wir zeigen, dass bei Verwendung von systemimmanenten Kräften das Skalarprodukt mit negativem Vorzeichen anzusetzen ist. Zudem ist es sehr wichtig, nötige Vorzeichenwechsel bei den einzelnen Schritten zu beachten. Wir betonen dies, weil gelegentlich übersehen wird, dass ein Vorzeichenwechsel nötig ist, wenn das Wegdifferential ds durch das Höhendifferential dh beziehungsweise durch das Abstandsdifferential dx oder dr ersetzt werden muss.

Establishing highly sophisticated polymer films for delivery systems in a biological environment and bioanalytical tasks, the formation, thickness, swelling behavior, and (physiological) stability of highly biocompatible polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are described. These PEMs are composed of the very weak polycation maltose-modified hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-Mal), strongly polyanion heparin sodium salt (HE − Na +) or weakly charged polyanion hyaluronic acid sodium salt (HA-Na+) deposited on Si wafer substrates. Two different glyco architectures for PEI-Mal are used, characterized by two different degrees of maltose decoration on a PEI scaffold. Using three pH-dependent deposition approaches for optimizing the (physiological) PEM stability and swelling, PEMs are characterized by (in situ) ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and (in situ) attenuated total reflection-Fouriertransform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Thus, PEMs reveal significantly different thicknesses, growth mechanisms (linear versus exponential), and swelling behavior in dependence of both the polycation architectures and the deposition protocol. These PEMs will allow the study of their complexation and release properties as preswollen PEMs against anionic drug molecules, adenosine triphosphate sodium salt (ATP), especially under physiological conditions for future drug delivery coatings.

Establishing highly sophisticated polymer films for delivery systems in a biological environment and bioanalytical tasks, the formation, thickness, swelling behavior, and (physiological) stability of highly biocompatible polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are described. These PEMs are composed of the very weak polycation maltose-modified hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-Mal), strongly polyanion heparin sodium salt (HE − Na +) or weakly charged polyanion hyaluronic acid sodium salt (HA-Na+) deposited on Si wafer substrates. Two different glyco architectures for PEI-Mal are used, characterized by two different degrees of maltose decoration on a PEI scaffold. Using three pH-dependent deposition approaches for optimizing the (physiological) PEM stability and swelling, PEMs are characterized by (in situ) ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and (in situ) attenuated total reflection-Fouriertransform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Thus, PEMs reveal significantly different thicknesses, growth mechanisms (linear versus exponential), and swelling behavior in dependence of both the polycation architectures and the deposition protocol. These PEMs will allow the study of their complexation and release properties as preswollen PEMs against anionic drug molecules, adenosine triphosphate sodium salt (ATP), especially under physiological conditions for future drug delivery coatings.