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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

HidroquÃmica do aquifero aluvionar do baixo Jaguaribe ItaiÃaba-Cearà / Hydrochemistry of the aquifer alluvial Baixo Jaguaribe - ItaiÃaba - Ceara

Maria Elisangela da Silva Nobre 09 July 2014 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / No interior do Estado do CearÃ, as Ãguas subterrÃneas sÃo consideradas fontes preciosas de abastecimento hÃdrico e, as principais fontes de exploraÃÃo hÃdrica sÃo as Ãreas sedimentares e aluvionares. A pesquisa foi realizada no municÃpio de ItaiÃaba, inserido na Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Baixo Jaguaribe, onde a populaÃÃo, embora, provida de recursos da CAGECE, utiliza da captaÃÃo de Ãgua subterrÃnea para seu abastecimento hÃdrico, principalmente, na subsistÃncia da agricultura e pecuÃria. A regiÃo apresenta extensas Ãreas de carcinicultura, o que pode acarretar problemas ao meio ambiente, como a eutrofizaÃÃo, alteraÃÃo estrutural de comunidades biolÃgicas e contaminaÃÃo por metais pesados. Os objetivos principais desta pesquisa foram obter anÃlises: bacteriolÃgica, dos elementos maiores e menores, os primeiros dados sobre metais traÃos (Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Mn e Pb) do municÃpio, isÃtopos de O18, balanÃo hÃdrico e vulnerabilidade. A metodologia consistiu na coletada de 21 amostras em trÃs campanhas, abrangendo perÃodos de estiagem e chuva, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As tÃcnicas empregadas corresponderam a mÃtodos potenciomÃtricos, espectrofotomÃtricos, titulomÃtricos, espectrometria de absorÃÃo atÃmica e de contagem em placa, basicamente, referenciadas pelo Standard Methods e, classificadas segundo os padrÃes da ResoluÃÃo no357/05 do CONAMA e da Portaria no 2914/11, do MinistÃrio da SaÃde. Segundo interpretaÃÃo analÃtica, detectaram-se bactÃrias coliformes na segunda e terceira campanhas; O pH das amostras estiveram entre 6,1 â 8,5, exceto para o poÃo 9 (pH=3,9), cuja acidez contribuiu para altos Ãndices do alumÃnio neste ponto; a condutividade variou entre 307 e 5940 ÂS/cm; as Ãguas se classificaram como Cloretadas SÃdicas; estÃo acima do padrÃo de potabilidade os seguintes teores: cloreto, em 33% das amostras; STD, < 62%; turbidez, 70%; nitrato, mÃdia de 33%; e, o ferro, em 19%. Encontrou-se a presenÃa de alumÃnio, bÃrio, chumbo, manganÃs e nÃquel, nas amostras. Segundo O18, no rio hà influÃncia marcante da evaporaÃÃo, inclusive de tanques de carcinicultura e, que alguns poÃos captam Ãgua de aquÃfero profundo e, outros da mistura entre aquÃfero, rio e chuvas, nÃo acompanhando a variaÃÃo sazonal. O balanÃo hÃdrico mostrou-se positivo para meses de alta pluviometria, mantendo-se o dÃficit hÃdrico para os outros meses do ano; Classificou-se o aquÃfero como de mÃdia a alta vulnerabilidade à contaminaÃÃo, pela metodologia GOD; Concluiu-se que a maioria dos poÃos continua apresentando resquÃcios de intervenÃÃo antrÃpica, inclusive da carcinicultura, sendo imprÃpria a sua potabilidade pelo risco de trazer prejuÃzos ao organismo. / In upstate of CearÃ, groundwater is considered precious sources of water supply, and the main sources of water exploration in sedimentary and alluvial areas. The research was conducted in the village of ItaiÃaba, inserted in the Baixo Jaguaribe Hydrographic Basin, where the population, though, resourced CAGECE uses the abstraction of groundwater for its water supply, mainly in subsistence agriculture and livestock. The region has extensive areas of shrimp farming, which can cause problems to the environment, such as eutrophication, structural changes in biological communities and heavy metal contamination. The main objectives of this research were to provide analyzes: bacteriological, major and minor elements, the first data on trace metals (Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Mn and Pb) in the municipality, the O18 isotopes, fluid balance and vulnerability. The methodology consisted of 21 samples collected in three campaigns, including periods of drought and rain, between the years 2012 and 2013. The techniques used correspond to potentiometric methods, spectrophotometric, titrimetric, atomic absorption spectrometry and plate count basically referenced by Standard Methods and classified according to the standards n 357/05 CONAMA Resolution and Ordinance n 2914/11, the Ministry of Health. According to analytical interpretation, coliform bacteria were detected in the second and third sampling; The pH of the samples were between 6.1 to 8.5, except for P9 (pH = 3.9), whose acidity contributed to high levels of aluminum at this point; conductivity ranged between 307 and 5940 ÂS/cm; the waters are classified as Sodic Chlorinated; are above the standard of potability the following contents: chloride in 33% of samples; STD, <62%; turbidity, 70%; nitrate, an average of 33%; and iron, 19%. It was found the presence of aluminum, barium, lead, manganese and nickel in samples. According to O18 in the river there is a marked influence of evaporation, including the shrimp farming tanks and some wells capture water of deep aquifer, and others mix between aquifer, river and rain did not follow the seasonal variation. The water balance was positive for months of high rainfall, keeping the water deficit for the other months of the year; Aquifer was classified as medium to high vulnerability to contamination, by the methodology GOD; It was concluded that most of the wells continues to showing traces of human intervention, including the shrimp farming, being inappropriate for its potability risk of harm the organism.

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