Heidelberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2000. / Enth.: Teil 1. Kapitel I.0 - I.12, Abkürzungsverz. Teil 2. Katalog.

Univ., Diss.--Göttingen, 2007.

Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2007

This thesis will apply performance criticism to ancient Jewish letters in order to answer two connected questions. First, how do we adequately describe the form and function of letters as they were read in antiquity in order to be able to define the genres of letters in a more precise way and second, to consider how performance theory in conjunction with other approaches can be applied to ancient letters. In order to address these concerns, we will include examples of free-standing letters from Elephantine, embedded Hebrew and Aramaic letters, and embedded Greek letters. By studying these texts, we will gain a substantial perspective on the variety of Second Temple period letters and we will be able to consider how probing the form and function of those letters may be applied for a better understanding of MMT. The intent of this inquiry is to help explain how MMT, or a section thereof, may have been performed in various situations and thereby provide a clearer view of the genre(s) of MMT.

Dans la religion égyptienne ancienne, l'association de trois divinités pour former une triade locale est répandue. Composées de deux dieux (le père et le fils) et d'une déesse (la mère), ces triades forment un schéma "familial", à l'image de la triade constituée d'Osiris, D'Isis et d'Horus. Parallèlement à ces triades "classiques", il existe des groupes divins plus inhabituels avec comme particularité d'avoir pour troisième membre une déesse et non un dieu, sans que celle-ci soit une déesse enfant ; ce sont les groupes gravés dans des scènes d'offrande qui ont été étudiés. Quel peut être alors le sens à donner à la présence de ces deux déesses ? Quelles relations entretiennent les divinités entre elles ? Plusieurs types de structure sont mis en lumière dans le cadre de cette étude. Si certains groupes sont un simple regroupement d'un dieu avec deux parèdres locales, d'autres réflexions, plus abouties encore, soulignent la volonté des théologiens de décrire des idées complexes de la pensée égyptienne. La triade d'Eléphantine (Khnoum, Satis et Anoukis) est probablement l'exemple le plus clair de ce type d'organisation théologique : les trois divinités de la région contrôlent la crue du Nil. Le dieu contrôle l'inondation et est aidé par les deux déesses : la première lance les eaux de l'inondation tandis que la seconde provoque le reflux. Dans plusieurs groupes, les théologiens ont réparti sur deux déesses deux fonctions complémentaires qui s'additionnent pour aider dans sa tâche le dieu principal. La complémentarité des rôles féminins n'est qu'un des nombreux outils utilisés par les prêtres pour se représenter et illustrer plus clairement l'univers qui les entoure. / In Egyptian theology, the association of three deities in order to create a local triad is widely spread. Gathering two gods (the father and the son) and one goddess (the mother), this triad then defines a divine family, as the well-known triad of Osiris, Isis and Horus. More rare groups are structured as one god and two goddesses, a second goddess (who is never the daughter) replacing the divine child. In this work, we focus on groups that are represented on offering scenes carved in various Egyptian temples. What could explain the presence of these two goddesses in those scenes ? How are the relationship between the deities structured ? Different organisations of these groups are analysed in this study. part of these groups represents the association of a main god with two local goddesses. Others try to represent more elaborate cosmological principles. The triad of Elephantine (Khnum, Satet and Anuket) is a relevant example : the three deities control the flood of the Nile. the god commands the inundation and is helped by two goddesses ; one initiating the flow while the other one initiates the ebb. In several triads, the goddesses have complementary functions and assist the god in his task. The addition of the goddesses' functions is only one of the numerous tools used by theologians to describe their universe.

Diss. Hebrew Univ. Jerusalem, 2001. / Formerly CIP. Includes bibliographical references and index.

The focus of this thesis is on the most commonly used types of stone, the methods of quarrying stone, stone working, the tools developed and used for that purpose, and the ways in which stone was transported and hoisted into place. This is starting from the earliest times in which large temples or buildings were constructed, namely the Neolithic, up till the time of the Roman Empire. Besides being a kind of compendium of most aspects of stone working, which could be found, also attention is given to the ideal conditions under which the construction of a large temple or monument could take place. The framework, which is developed from the description of the construction of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem in I Kings 5 and I Chronicles 28, is used to analyse the construction of a number of other temples in different times, places and settings, and with the use of different materials, to test if the framework is applicable in all these situations. Moreover, also other aspects of stone working, such as mosaics and the manufacturing of stone vessels in Jerusalem are described and analysed as to their origins and uses. The intention is to give an overview of the many ways in which stone has been used, so that the reader can get an idea of how large temples and monuments were built and to gain an understanding of what kind of technical know-how and ingenuity existed in antiquity. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Phil. (Religious Studies (Biblical Archaeology))