This thesis focuses on the public opinion on single mothers in emergency conditions in Český Krumlov region. The theoretical part defines single mother and single parent family. The fact that in many European countries the numbers of single parent families is increasing is stressed out. The theoretical part describes the changes in models of family behavior have been experienced in the last decades and factors which influence them. Also, basic facts on single families in the Czech Republic are presented e.g. female or male single parent family, their age, reasons for single family, social status, numbers and percentage of children born to single parents within last twenty years etc. In addition particular reasons of becoming a single mother are explained e.g. divorce, single parenting, becoming a widow. A phenomenon of domestic violence is closely related to the subject of single mother, therefore it is dealt with here too. The theoretical part conclusion shows principal reasons which cause that single mothers get into emergency conditions. The practical part presents a research which focuses on public opinions on single mothers in emergency conditions in Český Krumlov region. The field research was conducted through the method of a questionnaire. The focus group was public in Český Krumlov region. The aim of the field research was to map public opinions of Český Krumlov region residents on single mothers in emergency conditions. The research showed that single parent (mother) families are considered to be a group with the highest risks to be exposed to low standard of living. At the same time more than 50 % or respondents think that the most obvious reason for single mother to be in a critical life situation are economic troubles and lack of finance. An important fact which contributed to this result is that more than one quarter of respondents thinks that their current economic situation is not easy or even critical. In respect to domestic violence issue, the research showed that more than half of respondents believe that domestic violence against women by their spouses is mainly a results men aggressive behavior. The most frequent answer picked was aggressiveness initiated by the use of alcohol and drugs, than aggressive behavior inborn i.e. genetic predisposition to act aggressively and aggressive conduct like a way how to escape and resolve life situations which may appear to be unsolvable and an aggressor is not able to control her behavior. Public sees domestic violence to be a serious problem which is mainly present in single mother families. The most of respondents believe that domestic violence against mothers and children is the most frequent reason for single mothers to apply for subsidized single parent accommodation. The results also show that more than 60 % of respondents understand what domestic violence is and that very often victims never tell anyone and keep it secret even though they suffer for years. It is assumed that in this respect, public sees the relation between domestic violence and torturing victims in early childhood. More than 60 % of respondents believe that prevailing numbers of women who are victims of domestic violence in their childhood are victims of domestic violence also when they grow up mainly because of their previous experience when low self-confidence and violence become a part of their daily life even though hard bearing.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit option Droit et Biotechnologies". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 15% des mémoires de la discipline. / La recherche biomédicale réalisée en situation d'urgence traduit la confrontation entre différents principes conducteurs éthiques. Le respect de l'autonomie de la personne, illustré à travers l'obtention du consentement libre et éclairé du sujet pressenti, peut sembler un concept vide de sens dans le cas des malades présentant une condition médicale critique. Pour ces patients en proie à une crise médicale, et donc vulnérables, une protection individuelle accrue s'impose. Une surprotection irait, toutefois, à la fois à l'encontre du principe de justice distributive et du principe de bienfaisance, impliquant de ne pas exclure totalement un groupe de sujets des expectatives élevées de bénéfices d'une recherche correctement balisée. Ce texte a pour objectif de cerner quel est le fondement - éthique - des textes législatifs, réglementaires et normatifs qui permettent l'enrôlement de ces malades atteints de pathologies foudroyantes dans des protocoles de recherche, alors même qu'aucun consentement, qu'il soit autonome ou substitué, n'a été donné. Inspirée du modèle de réflexion éthique pluraliste, l'auteur pose comme hypothèse que c'est le principe de justice distributive qui sous-tend la politique éthique de tels textes, puisque contribuant au développement des avancées thérapeutiques en urgence et à la nécessité d'augmenter l'efficacité des traitements disponibles. Ce texte cherche finalement à définir une démarche d'approbation des protocoles de recherche qui seront réalisés en situation d'urgence. / Biomedical research performed under emergency conditions highlights the conflict between competing ethical principles. The respect for the autonomy of the person, illustrated by the need to obtain a subject's informed consent, can seem an empty concept in the case of a patient presenting severe medical conditions. For those patients in a midst of a medical crisis, and therefore vulnerable, particular protection is necessary. An overprotection would, however, contravene both the principles of distributive justice and of beneficence, principles that hold that an entire group of subjects ought not to be excluded from the expectations of the benefits of properly controlled research. The object of this text is to discem the ethical foundation of the legislative, regulatory and normative texts that permit those stricken with devasting diseases to participate in research projects without consent having been granted. Based on the pluralist ethical model, the author asserts as a hypothesis that it is the principle of distributive justice which supports the ethical policies underlying such texts, since contributing to the development of therapeutic advances in emergencies and to the necessity of increasing the effectiveness of available treatments. This text attempts ultimately to establish procedures to be followed in obtaining approval in research projects in the case of an emergency.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T19:18:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OLACIR CYPRIANO TOMASINI.pdf: 6590786 bytes, checksum: b6d94f63b6cd95a7ccae86495738c037 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T19:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OLACIR CYPRIANO TOMASINI.pdf: 6590786 bytes, checksum: b6d94f63b6cd95a7ccae86495738c037 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP / Concern for the environment has intensified in recent years as a result of climate change and environmental disasters, requiring greater environmental awareness, together with the need to preserve the environment in an intelligent and sustainable way. Therefore the environmental monitoring appears with the purpose of evaluating and controlling possible environmental impacts, using for example a Network of Wireless Sensors - WSN. WSNs are an efficient means of tracking remote and difficult access sites that require monitoring for probable emergency conditions, such as landslides. In order to do so, we also used technologies that allowed the monitoring, control and collection of environmental parameters. The WSNF was installed in a location without the availability of wired power, using the wireless sensor node powered by a battery, charged by a photovoltaic panel. In addition, energy-saving strategies (SleepMode) were used via software to increase battery life. The results showed a WSNF capable of monitoring environmental quantities for long periods, since sophisticated algorithms were implemented aiming at energy saving, data processing and use of an application server for real time visualization of the data in graphic form. In this way, the technology proved to be efficient in meeting the proposal. / A preocupa??o com o meio ambiente intensificou-se nos ?ltimos anos em decorr?ncia das mudan?as clim?ticas e dos desastres ambientais, exigindo uma maior conscientiza??o ambiental, aliada ? necessidade de se preservar o meio ambiente de forma inteligente e sustent?vel. Logo a monitora??o ambiental aparece com a finalidade de avaliar e controlar poss?veis impactos ambientais, utilizando por exemplo uma Rede de Sensores Sem Fio ? RSSF. As RSSF s?o um meio eficiente de acompanhar locais remotos e de dif?cil acesso que necessitem de monitora??o para prov?veis condi??es emergenciais, como por exemplo deslizamentos. Para isso utilizaram-se tamb?m tecnologias que permitiram o monitoramento, o controle e a coleta de par?metros ambientais. Instalou-se a RSSF em um local sem disponibilidade de energia cabeada, utilizando-se assim o n? sensor sem fio energizado atrav?s de uma bateria, carregada por um painel fotovoltaico. Al?m disso, empregaram-se estrat?gias de economia de energia (SleepMode) via software para aumentar o tempo de vida da bateria. Os resultados mostraram uma RSSF capaz de monitorar grandezas ambientais por longos per?odos, uma vez que foram implementados algoritmos sofisticados visando a economia de energia, tratamento dos dados e utiliza??o de um servidor de aplica??o para visualiza??o em tempo real dos dados em forma gr?fica. Deste modo, a tecnologia se mostrou eficiente ao atender o proposto.

La recherche biomédicale réalisée en situation d'urgence traduit la confrontation entre différents principes conducteurs éthiques. Le respect de l'autonomie de la personne, illustré à travers l'obtention du consentement libre et éclairé du sujet pressenti, peut sembler un concept vide de sens dans le cas des malades présentant une condition médicale critique. Pour ces patients en proie à une crise médicale, et donc vulnérables, une protection individuelle accrue s'impose. Une surprotection irait, toutefois, à la fois à l'encontre du principe de justice distributive et du principe de bienfaisance, impliquant de ne pas exclure totalement un groupe de sujets des expectatives élevées de bénéfices d'une recherche correctement balisée. Ce texte a pour objectif de cerner quel est le fondement - éthique - des textes législatifs, réglementaires et normatifs qui permettent l'enrôlement de ces malades atteints de pathologies foudroyantes dans des protocoles de recherche, alors même qu'aucun consentement, qu'il soit autonome ou substitué, n'a été donné. Inspirée du modèle de réflexion éthique pluraliste, l'auteur pose comme hypothèse que c'est le principe de justice distributive qui sous-tend la politique éthique de tels textes, puisque contribuant au développement des avancées thérapeutiques en urgence et à la nécessité d'augmenter l'efficacité des traitements disponibles. Ce texte cherche finalement à définir une démarche d'approbation des protocoles de recherche qui seront réalisés en situation d'urgence. / Biomedical research performed under emergency conditions highlights the conflict between competing ethical principles. The respect for the autonomy of the person, illustrated by the need to obtain a subject's informed consent, can seem an empty concept in the case of a patient presenting severe medical conditions. For those patients in a midst of a medical crisis, and therefore vulnerable, particular protection is necessary. An overprotection would, however, contravene both the principles of distributive justice and of beneficence, principles that hold that an entire group of subjects ought not to be excluded from the expectations of the benefits of properly controlled research. The object of this text is to discem the ethical foundation of the legislative, regulatory and normative texts that permit those stricken with devasting diseases to participate in research projects without consent having been granted. Based on the pluralist ethical model, the author asserts as a hypothesis that it is the principle of distributive justice which supports the ethical policies underlying such texts, since contributing to the development of therapeutic advances in emergencies and to the necessity of increasing the effectiveness of available treatments. This text attempts ultimately to establish procedures to be followed in obtaining approval in research projects in the case of an emergency. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit option Droit et Biotechnologies". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 15% des mémoires de la discipline.