Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Business Administration, 2017. / Coaching is a young, growing professional practice with its origins in many older established fields of knowledge. There is considerable research into what coaches think about their work and the theories and methods underlining these approaches. However, there is a great deal less research on how the executives or coaching clients experienced the coaching. This research answered the questions from the coached executive perspective by first wanting to know (1) what the lived experience of the coaching executive was; and (2) based on that lived experience, what theory about the coaching process would emerge. This emerged theory would be grounded in evidence from the coachee. A total of 17 clients were involved in the research. While the research had a strong phenomenological underpinning, the method used was that of constructivist grounded theory. There were five key findings with theoretical propositions behind each of the findings. The findings are: (1) Coaching is a response to an unmet need in an individual who lives in a volatile, ever changing world with great complexity. Coaching provided a wellness model that is collaborative, client driven, and adaptable. A primary need in people is to have a sense of well-being and personal meaning in this world. (2) Even though the coaching is a response to a need, the coaching client still needs to be ready to be coached. A client readiness theory with integrated components was developed based on the clients’ lived experience. The interrelationships based on the client’s perceptions were a new contribution. (3) There are several processes in coaching but the key focus of the processes is that they are active and present. The processes also understand the relationship between the ‘being’ and ‘knowing’ of the coach and the ‘doing’ of the coach. The doing covers the active processes but it is the way in which the coach does these processes (the being) that influences their efficacy. (4) The coach needs to be authentic, credible and present. (5) Brain integration leads to deeper self-awareness, well-being and personal meaning. This theory of brain integration is based in Interpersonal Neurobiology, and the nine domains of integration assist in providing an overarching framework in which to position the outcomes of coaching. The contribution was broad in that it looked at all aspects of the coaching process: the coach, the coachee, the process, the outcomes and the context and provided an integrated framework. / MT2017

The perceptions held by newly promoted managers or those managers who have moved between managerial roles, when it comes to their own job performance in the workplace, remain interesting. An exploratory research design method was followed with the aim of providing evidence-based literature in order to explore how coaching can influence the perceived job performance of these managers, considering the amount of effort needed from them to adjust to their roles. The study was conducted using a convenience non-probability sample of managers who are working in different sectors ranging from public utilities, the media as well as engineering and gas industries. Data were collected from the research participants who were readily available and transcripts were produced. In order to maintain accuracy, the transcripts were based on recordings of the outcomes of semi-structured, one-on-one interviews conducted using a research interview discussion guide. A triangulation process to collect data from different sources was used, focusing on managers who received coaching and managers who did not receive coaching, as well as the managers managing the aforesaid categories of managers. The data collected were transcribed and then analysed using Atlas.ti software, based on themed content analysis. The results provide a South African perspective on the perceived influence of coaching on newly promoted managers or those managers who have moved between managerial roles. The findings demonstrated that coaching can contribute positively to the role transition and work adjustment of these managers, as one of the managers who had been coached indicated, saying, “It assisted me in affirming myself in the role.” The meaning attached to the findings is that coaching can contribute towards building the necessary confidence to lead and manage others. However, the lack of a common criterion for measuring successful job performance, focusing on specific managerial competencies, remains a challenge. The research participants in this study took up coaching for different reasons and the level of impact was thinly spread across these dimensions. Therefore, more scientific research still need to be done to get empirical evidence on the impact of coaching on perceived job performance in a South African context, using a common criterion and specific managerial competencies. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Business Executive Coaching Johannesburg, 2017 / This research focused on the influence that team coaching had on alleviating the challenges that emanate from team conflict. There is little work done to expand on how team coaching may assist in the transition from conflict to performance, within organisations. Organisations employ individuals who share similarities and also differ significantly in education levels, efficacies, personalities and worldviews. They appoint these diverse individuals to achieve their goals and objectives. These employees are organised to form teams that will perform different duties in alignment to organisational goals, and teams are more effective than individuals. Teams encounter challenges, and one challenge is conflict. There are three conflicts they may encounter: a) relationship, b) process, and c) task conflicts. For this qualitative research, constructive-interpretivism was appropriate because it meant that the researcher and the participant were interacting and the interaction surfaced deeper meaning. Phenomenological research design was used to explore participants’ conscious experiences which were then studied and interpreted. Data was collected from team coaches and their coachees, in different organisations, both from public and private sectors, using semi-structured interviews and observation. Key findings are that there is a skills gap in team coaching. Most team coaches interviewed are team coaches by virtue of being line managers. Others are trained coaches, but in different approaches and not in team coaching. The skills applied to resolve conflict are in line with their training as managers/leaders and some aligned to coaching skills. The other finding was that teams undergo some form of conflict and they were able to move from storming to performing, through the interventions by team coaches. The key message is that team coaching does influence team functioning towards the attainment of organisational goals. / MT2017

Introduction: At the time of this study, Lumotech (Pty) Ltd did not have a formal mentoring programme. This study evaluated the requirements of such a programme in order to formulate an implementation strategy. Rational: The main research problem addressed in this study was to identify the factors that contribute to creating a formal mentoring programme at Lumotech (Pty) Ltd. To achieve this objective, sub-problems were identified and addressed. The sub-problems identified were addressed through a literature review, an empirical study and the formulation of a strategy for the implementation of a formal mentoring programme. Goals/Objectives: This paper attempts to create a strategy for implementing a formal mentoring programme at Lumotech by answering a series of research questions.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Business and Executive Coaching Wits Business School, Johannesburg February 2017 / Self-awareness is the most critical attribute in the development of authentic leaders, as a leader’s true self is lived out in the workplace through their thoughts, actions and body language (Gardner, Avolio, Luthans, May, & Walumba, 2005). Specific coaching aimed at feedback interpretation and behavioural modelling is highly effective in developing self-awareness (Luthan & Suzanne, 2003). The focus of the research was to determine whether self-awareness is important for effective leaders and to explore the enhancers and obstacles in the development of self-awareness. A qualitative approach was followed, whereby 16 future leaders who were part of a leadership development programme, that included executive coaching, were interviewed through semi-structured interviews, and their responses thematically analysed, resulting in 14 themes related to self-awareness being identified. A key finding was that these future leaders embraced the traits of authentic leaders, focused on their people in particular, and confirmed that self-awareness is critical to effective leadership. Another key finding was that these future leaders developed skills to regulate their behaviour, as they became conscious of how their life’s journey and their thoughts and feelings shape their actions and behaviour in the workplace. The significant obstacles to self-awareness development identified were conditioned upbringing, processing and dealing with feedback, and feelings for introverts. The significant enhancers to self-awareness development identified were tough upbringing, self-determination, life’s set-backs, spouse and family, storytelling, coaching, reading, spirituality, and religion. The implications for those who experienced obstacles to self-awareness development are that they took longer to develop their self-awareness than others on the same programme. The implications for those who experienced enhancers to self-awareness development are that these future leaders developed their self-awareness before the programme, outside of the programme and after the leadership development programme. It is recommended that before an assessment is done on self-awareness and a self-awareness development intervention such as coaching is undertaken, a leader undergoes a readiness assessment to develop self-awareness. This readiness assessment should identify and deal with any potential obstacles, and harness existing enhancers to the development of self-awareness. A leader could discuss their 360-degree assessment as well as their readiness assessment with their coach. The trusting relationship between leader and coach could assist the leader process and deal with any negative feedback. The coach in turn can assist the leader to interpret these assessments and set goals to develop the leader’s self-awareness. This research provides young future leaders with a reference to reflect on their inner-selves and their impact on others through their self-awareness. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management (Business and Executive Coaching) April, 2017 / Professional Service Firms (PSFs) contribute significantly to employment and professional development in South Africa and to global economics. People are a PSF’s greatest asset; however, there is little empirical evidence on the implementation of a Leader-as-Coach (L-A-C) approach in PSFs in South Africa. The research aims to establish a framework for the implementation of an L-A-C approach in PSFs in South Africa. Using a qualitative multiple-case study method, the research examines the benefits of implementing an L-A-C approach within a PSF, determines the organisational factors affecting the implementation of an LA- C approach in a PSF and clarifies the individual factors affecting the implementation of an L-A-C approach in a PSF. There are clear reasons for implementing an L-A-C approach within PSFs and benefits range from ensuring a leadership pipeline for organisations, improving client and employee retention, and enhancing the firm’s success due to increased productivity. These benefits, in turn, foster positive benefits for the L-A-Cs (the managers who are coaches) and the employees (the coachees who receive coaching from their managers). Organisational factors include a culture of people-centricity which clearly enables an L-A-C approach, whilst a matrix structure which commonly exists within PSFs is an inhibitor of an L-A-C approach, with mitigating processes recommended for addressing this. The key processes which enable an L-A-C approach are the firm’s approach to: learning and development of L-A-C skills, ensuring tools and support are in place for the L-ACs, and linking coaching to the human resources (HR) performance management and enabling technology. A final key process is recognising effective coaching behaviours through monetary and non-monetary rewards. In addition, the individual skills and attitudes of the L-A-Cs, the attitudes of the coachees, and importantly, the relationship between the L-A-C and the coachee, all influence the L-A-C approach. An integrated and holistic framework is proposed for PSFs wishing to implement an L-A-C approach. This framework suggests that a firm should begin with the organisational strategic drivers, and the clear reasons for implementation of an L-A-C approach, followed by an enabling structure and processes, including the development of individual skills. However, overarching these organisational factors, is the necessity of having an organisational culture of learning and development. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management (Business and Executive Coaching) Johannesburg, 2017 / The objective of the study was to explore how a coaching leadership style adopted by Managers in different organisations, influences the relationships they have with their direct reports. The study used the qualitative method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants, comprising 13 Managers and nine Direct Reports in various organisations in private and public sectors based in Gauteng, South Africa. This study contributes to the research and literature available on coaching leadership style and employee coaching, which occurs when an employee works one-on-one with his/her direct manager to improve his/her work performance and other areas that need attention. Executive Coaching has been extensively researched and refers to when an executive in an organisation is being coached by an external coach who is normally chosen by the Executive and paid for by the organisation. In Employee Coaching however, the coaching is conducted by the direct Manager and the employee has no choice in who the Manager is. Relationships between Manager and Direct Report are therefore crucial and these could be influenced by the Manager‟s leadership style. The findings suggest that within a South African context, the term “Coaching Leadership Style” is not a term that is widely used in organisations to describe a leadership style, however this style emerged through the behaviours that the Managers displayed. The findings further posit that coaching plays a pivotal role in influencing relationships between a Manager and his/her Direct Reports and that coaching may also cause shifts in leadership styles. The research provides insight into the leadership styles that Managers prefer to adopt and deepened understanding of how coaching adds value in a leadership context. The results add to the body of knowledge on how coaching affects leadership effectiveness and how it influences relationships between Managers and Direct Reports. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Business Executive Coaching Wits Business School March 2015 / The extensive training that goes into developing engineering professionals is part of the price society pays for infrastructure development. Yet when it comes to developing young engineering managers, their education is often left to chance. Organisations rely on a combination of manager’s intuition and chance to recognise potential new managers and then they are expected to find their own way through the maze of policies, financial reporting, and stakeholder management politics after their appointment. This study was based in a State Owned Company where a group of new engineering managers were interviewed on their experiences as they moved into management in order to identify the challenges they experienced during the transition. The findings in the course of this research contribute to the understanding of the managerial competencies needed in a multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary engineering environment in order to guide new managers and the way in which coaching can contribute to their successful transition into engineering management. This study used a deductive approach to establish the transition challenges based on selected literature and compared the themes to the data from thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 16 engineering professionals working in a State Owned Company engineering company. The role of new managers as talent trustees and containers of corporate memory is an essential part of skills retention strategy. This implies that dysfunctional behaviour at this level will affect future engineering skills retention and development. The cost of coaching should be offset by the risk of management failure when the new managers do not negotiate the transition challenges successfully. South African companies integrate coaching with the talent or business strategy and they use internal coaches to coach up-and-coming talent and graduates (Steenkamp, 2013). There is an urgent and important need to develop engineers into managers and therefore the assistance given to new managers would be an advantage not just in terms of the general management competencies but also the transition competencies needed in the developing countries, such as South Africa (Denton & Vloeberghs, 2003). The challenges of the transition are exacerbated by the heterogeneous nature of the business world where multiple cultures and generations complicate information exchange in the engineering labour environment. This research uses some of the insights gained from the international management competencies and applies the differences found in the South African context to identify transitionery management competencies for the developing world. The research goes on to determine how organisations and coaches can facilitate the transition of managers in South Africa.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management (Business Executive Coaching). / The business environment faces constant change due to the dynamic socio-economic, political and technological landscape. With these changes, there is a demand for organisations to adapt and have the right skills to remain competitive. Organisations have not developed their learning capabilities to adequately cope with change (Senge, 2014). Creating an organization that learns and adapts speedily and continuously is a challenge that faces business. While learning takes place both informally and formally in the workplace, formal learning is seen as less effective in transferring training (Saks, 2002). This study explored the role of peer coaching on the learning process. Fifteen participants‘ experiences were explored using a qualitative approach by means of in-depth unstructured interviews. The qualitative approach enabled the researcher to gain full appreciation of the participants‘ experience by allowing them to share freely and openly. The fifteen participants attended a self-leadership course that included a peer coaching component that involved seven of the fifteen participants. The research revealed minimal differences between the learning experiences of those who were in a peer coach relationship and those that were not. The themes of self-reflection, learning from others and support from others emerged the strongest in terms of its impact on the learning process. While the extensive learning theories were developed to understand how people learn, it was evident in this study that while adult learning is self-directed to a large extent, the structural characteristics of organizations provide the framework of the situations in which experience dictates the expediency of change and learning. The value of the peer coach relationship in facilitating the process of learning was also evident as one of the enablers of learning. This study provides insights on the value of peer coaching as an additional enabler of learning and adds to the body of limited literature on the role of peer coaching within business environments. / MT2016

Thesis (M.M. (Business Executive Coaching))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits Business School, 2017 / The body of knowledge on transformation is growing and previous researchers have set a foundation by focusing on different aspects of B-BBEE and legislative redress. Scientific research on coaching as a tool to facilitate legislative redress is emerging. The objective of the research was to add to the emerging body of knowledge and uncover how South African businesses approach transformation, what processes and resources they use and what best practices are applied and if opportunities existed to introduce new concepts and frameworks, such as Coaching. The study used qualitative research methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two employees in four different organisations, four technical signatories in two verification agencies and four B-BBEE consultants. The organisations who participated in the research qualified as level, one, two and three contributors to B-BBEE. It was assumed that the B-BBEE level would indicate the extent of transformation in the organisations. Transformation in South Africa remains a contentious issue for business and employee responses to redress range from positive to negative. Organisations have been slow to respond to the people aspects of transformation. From the research, it was evident that organisations, verification agencies and consultants interchanged B-BBEE and transformation, implying that in South Africa, the concepts were similar, if not the same. Organisations’ responses to B-BBEE were still very reactive and at the time of the interviews, the respondents all expressed varying levels of concern to the gazetting of the amended B-BBEE Codes of Good Practice. The view held, was that the amended codes would require organisations to take a more strategic view of transformation. Only one of the four organisations interviewed confirmed that they had a transformation strategy. As for the other organisations, the strategies could be described as emerging Best practice is beginning to emerge and on some elements of the scorecard, improvements can be seen as organisations adapt approaches to yield a return on investment. Coaching as a resource to facilitate transformation was approached with caution even though the respondents recognised that third party interventions were necessary. The research builds a case for coaching as a tool to embed learning and development as organisations shift from a tactical response to B-BBEE to a more progressive or authentic goal. / MT2017