Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uppsala University, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and to review fundamental ideas and theories of employment and to set forth the policies that can best obtain the goal of full employment, which is defined as the condition where those who want to work at the prevailing rates of pay can find work without undue difficulty.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Also available in print.

The rate of unemployment in South Africa remains stubbornly high despite vastly improved macroeconomic fundamentals and relatively high rates of economic growth for most of the post-1994 democratic era. Employment growth was much weaker than might have been expected given the improved economic outlook. This thesis investigates how the sectoral employment intensity of output growth in the eight non-agricultural sectors of the South African economy has evolved from 2000 to 2012, with a view to identifying key growth sectors that are employment intensive. An econometric model of the demand for labour is used to estimate employment elasticities in the major Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) divisions of the economy. The results suggest that aggregate employment and economic growth diverged and that jobless growth occurred in South Africa during the period under review. South Africa has become less labour intensive and more capital intensive, reflecting a structural adjustment that has weakened the employment-growth relationship. At the sectoral level, the results suggest the presence of a long-run relationship between employment and growth in finance and business services, manufacturing, transport and the utilities sectors. In particular, the results suggest that the tertiary sector performed best in terms of the employment intensity of output growth. This reflects the changing structure of the economy and the nature of employment shifting away from the primary towards the tertiary sectors. Investment in the tertiary sector may help to foster new employment opportunities and assist in improving the overall employment intensity of output growth in South Africa. / Economics / D. Litt. et Phil. (Economics)

Lam, Wing Man Wynne. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-41). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- The Model --- p.5 / Chapter 3 --- One-Period Game --- p.8 / Chapter 3.1 --- Revenue Share --- p.8 / Chapter 3.2 --- Implications --- p.11 / Chapter 4 --- Two-Period Game --- p.12 / Chapter 4.1 --- Contract Duration --- p.12 / Chapter 4.2 --- Implications --- p.16 / Chapter 5 --- Two-Sided Game --- p.17 / Chapter 5.1 --- Negotiation of the Share --- p.17 / Chapter 5.2 --- Implications --- p.20 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.21 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Ideas for Future Research --- p.24 / Chapter 7 --- Appendices --- p.26

Lee, Hung Fei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 67). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.P.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Reviews --- p.P.1 / Chapter 2.1 --- Sources of peer effect --- p.P.1 / Chapter 2.2 --- Peer pressure and contracts --- p.p.8 / Chapter 3 --- Model --- p.p.16 / Chapter 4 --- First Best Situation --- p.p.18 / Chapter 5 --- Revenue Sharing Contract under Peer Pressure --- p.p.20 / Chapter 5.1 --- No constraints on the fixed payments and commission rates --- p.p.21 / Chapter 5.2 --- "Negative fixed payment is allowed, but the sum of commission rates has to be less than 100%" --- p.p.24 / Chapter 5.3 --- Negative fixed payment is not allowed --- p.p.27 / Chapter 5.4 --- Implications on human resource investment --- p.p.31 / Chapter 5.5 --- Implications on players preference for a new member --- p.p.33 / Chapter 6 --- Fixed Wage Contract with Supervision under Peer Pressure --- p.p.33 / Chapter 6.1 --- No agent exceeding the target --- p.p.34 / Chapter 6.2 --- One agent exceeding the target --- p.p.40 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implications on human resource investment --- p.p.44 / Chapter 6.4 --- Implications on players' preference for a new member --- p.p.45 / Chapter 7 --- The Choice between Revenue Sharing and Fixed Wage --- p.p.46 / Chapter 8 --- Conclusion --- p.p.49 / Chapter 9 --- Appendix --- p.p.49

This Paper analyzes the factors influencing the labor force participation of low-income adults on public housing assistance. A quasi-experiment is designed to fulfill the purpose of measuring the magnitudes of certain attributes of given individuals, e.g. the age in influencing employment status while controlling other factors such as other personal attributes and living environments. A number of logistic regressions are performed to assist the empirical analysis. Two final models are presented while statistical results are diagnosed to ensure the reliability of findings. Based on the unique data provided by AHA (the Atlanta Housing Authority), over 70 variables are analyzed to determine their significance on influencing individuals¡¯ future employment status. Finally, we find five the most significant predictors to be the individual¡¯s current employment status, age, and income, whether one resides in a mixed-income community in comparison to living in a housing project, and whether one uses housing vouchers in comparison to living in a housing project. The individual¡¯s immediate living environment is found to play an extremely important role in shaping his/her future employment status. The results demonstrate that living in the mixed-income community as opposed to living in conventional public housing projects can boost one¡¯s odds of being employed in the future by 170% while using housing vouchers as opposed to living in traditional public housing can increase one¡¯s odds of being employed by 90%. Both statistics are significant even at the 0.001 level. Hence, our findings strongly support the view that environment matters and distressed public housing projects should be revitalized, which has been a controversial topic over years. This study introduces an innovative index system-that consists of the Family Development Index (FDI), the Neighborhood Development Index (NDI), and the Quality of Life Index (QLI)-developed by Dr. Boston to show the development of low-income adults¡¯ socio-economic status and living environments induced by the revitalization of public housing projects in Atlanta over the period of 1995-2001. Based on this innovative index system, this paper tentatively proposes a reasonable approach to separate the self-selective effect from the environmental effect in influencing the labor force participation, which has long been reckoned as a complex task in social science research. We create the Self-distinguishing Index (SDI) based on a similar mechanism by which Dr. Boston created the FDI and NDI and combine it with the FDI to generate the Self-selective Index (SSI). We also modify the NDI to serve our purpose of measuring the environmental changes at the personal level. By this method, we successfully detach the self-selective effect from the environmental effect in determining the individual¡¯s future employment status. Those two effects are found to be significant at the 0.001 level and the 0.01 level respectively. A side-finding that individuals belonging to the treatment group have significantly better odds of being employed in the future is shown as well.