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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Impact of the aggregation state of amphotericin B on its biopharmaceutical properties. Design of micro- and nanocarriers for oral delivery

Marcelino, Henrique Rodrigues 08 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-12-29T16:13:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRodriguesMarcelino_TESE.pdf: 41935029 bytes, checksum: f0753c6daecb5d46efe91996e88f61a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-02T16:17:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRodriguesMarcelino_TESE.pdf: 41935029 bytes, checksum: f0753c6daecb5d46efe91996e88f61a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-02T16:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRodriguesMarcelino_TESE.pdf: 41935029 bytes, checksum: f0753c6daecb5d46efe91996e88f61a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / Esta tese foi realizada com o objetivo geral de desenvolver e a caracterizar nanocarreadores com potencial para sobrepujar as propriedades biofarmac?uticas n?o-favor?veis da anfotericina B (AmB), uma mol?cula extremamente eficaz no tratamento de infec??es sistemicas fungicas e leishmaniose, mas dif?cil de formular independentemente da via de administra??o desejada. Acredita-se que essa mol?cula hidrof?bica possui limita??es devido a pronunciada tend?ncia de agregar sob condi??es fisiol?gicas humanas. A primeira parte desta tese foi conduzida pela hip?tese de que o estado de agrega??o da AmB teria um forte impacto sobre as propriedades farmacocin?ticas da mesma. Por tal raz?o, complexos de albumina e amB foram produzidos de forma a controlar o estado de agrega??o da AmB. A estrutura dos coloides obtidos foi caracterizada atrav?s de ensaios de espectroscopia UV-Vis e dicroismo circular. Adicionalmente, o impacto do estado de agrega??o na permeabilidade intestinal e no poss?vel reconhecimento dos agregados pelo sistema imunol?gico foram investigados. A segunda parte deste trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de micro- e nanocarreadores para sobrepor as barreiras para absor??o da AmB ap?s a sua administra??o pela via oral. Para este fim, AmB foi incorporada em micro- e nanoemuls?es para observa??o da habilidade destes sistemas de incrementar a permeabilidade intestinal de mol?culas. Tal habilidade foi avaliada atrav?s do m?todo ex vivo de C?maras de Ussing, onde o tecido intestinal ? utilizado como barreira entre duas semi-c?maras. Nenhuma permea??o foi detectada nas condi??es experimentais utilizadas. No entanto, os dados obtidos atrav?s da medidas eletrofisiol?gicas demonstraram que a velocidade da perda da viabilidade do tecido ? dependente do estado de agrega??o da AmB em contato com o tecido. Tamb?m foi observado, atrav?s dos ensaios de permeabilidade que as rotas de absor??o paracelular e transcelular devem ser rotas marginais quando a absor??o da AmB ? observada in vivo, como descrito na literatura. Como alternativas, as rotas de absor??o pela captura de agregados e part?culas pelas placas de Peyer e a rota de absor??o linf?tica t?m sido discutidas. Finalmente, um otro sistema particulado que objetiva a libera??o em n?vel de col?n e baseada na utiliza??o da xilana, um biopol?mero natural e enzimaticamente degradado. A xilana ? polissacar?deo presente em gr?os, cereais e plantas angiospermas que ? especificamente degradado na regi?o col?nica, especificamente pela microbiota l? presente. A t?cnica aplicada de forma original consiste na forma??o de uma emuls?o ?gua-?gua de xilana em presen?a de PEG, seguida por uma etapa de reticula??o com o tris?dio trimetafosfato. Atrav?s da aplica??o desta t?cnica foi poss?vel produzir part?culas ? base de xilana que podem ter seu tamanho m?dio, de forma controlada, variado entre 380 nm e 4.5 ?m, de acordo com os par?metros utilizados. Esta t?cnica tamb?m ? livre do uso de solventes org?nicos e possui potencial aplica??o para a libera??o controlada de AmB em n?vel de col?n. / This thesis is part of the development and evaluation of nanomedicines potentially able to overcome unfavorable biopharmaceutical properties of amphotericin B (AmB), a highly effective molecule used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections and leishmaniasis, but difficult to formulate efficiently, whatever the route of delivery. It is believed that this hydrophobic molecule suffers from severe limitations due to its pronounced tendency to aggregate under physiological conditions. The first part of the thesis was driven on the hypothesis that the degree of aggregation of AmB could have a strong impact on some of its pharmacokinetics properties. For this purpose albumin has been used to produce controlled complexes between albumin and AmB in order to control AmB aggregation states. The morphological characteristics of the resulting colloidal objects have been carefully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Furthermore, the impact of aggregation state on both the intestinal permeability and a possibly expected recognition of the aggregates by the immunological system were investigated. The second part of this work was focused on the development of micro- and nanocarriers intended to overcome the absorption barrier raised against AmB after oral delivery. For this purpose, AmB was loaded into micro- and nanoemulsions to evaluate a possible permeability enhancement effect through the intestinal membrane, which was evaluated in ratas using the Ussing chamber model. No detectable permeation was seen in any of the experimental conditions. However, the electrophysiological data showed tissue viability losses due to the strong toxicity of AmB, that were dependent on the aggregation state of AmB when in contact with the tissue. It was also concluded from detailed permeation experiments in healthy tissues that paracellular and transcellular routes were likely to be only marginal pathways when oral absorption are observed in vivo, as reported in the literature. The likeness of other possible absorption pathways, including Peyer's patches capture and lymphatic pathway implication for aggregated particles has been discussed. Finally, another particulate system intended for colonic delivery and based on xylan, a natural and enzymatically degradable biopolymer, has been investigated. Xylan is a polysaccharide present in grains, cereals and angiosperm plants that is specifically degraded on colon region, by the microbiota. An original process consisting in a water-in-water emulsion of xylan in presence of PEG followed by a crosslinking phase using trisodium trimetaphosphate has been developed, making possible the production of xylan-based biocompatible micro- and nanospheres ranging from 380 nm to 4.5 ?m, depending on the parameters in the process. This eco-friendly process is free of harmful solvents and has potential application for the delivery of AmB at the colonic level.

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