Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-12-29T16:13:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRodriguesMarcelino_TESE.pdf: 41935029 bytes, checksum: f0753c6daecb5d46efe91996e88f61a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-02T16:17:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRodriguesMarcelino_TESE.pdf: 41935029 bytes, checksum: f0753c6daecb5d46efe91996e88f61a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-02T16:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueRodriguesMarcelino_TESE.pdf: 41935029 bytes, checksum: f0753c6daecb5d46efe91996e88f61a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / Esta tese foi realizada com o objetivo geral de desenvolver e a caracterizar nanocarreadores com potencial para sobrepujar as propriedades biofarmac?uticas n?o-favor?veis da anfotericina B (AmB), uma mol?cula extremamente eficaz no tratamento de infec??es sistemicas fungicas e leishmaniose, mas dif?cil de formular independentemente da via de administra??o desejada. Acredita-se que essa mol?cula hidrof?bica possui limita??es devido a pronunciada tend?ncia de agregar sob condi??es fisiol?gicas humanas. A primeira parte desta tese foi conduzida pela hip?tese de que o estado de agrega??o da AmB teria um forte impacto sobre as propriedades farmacocin?ticas da mesma. Por tal raz?o, complexos de albumina e amB foram produzidos de forma a controlar o estado de agrega??o da AmB. A estrutura dos coloides obtidos foi caracterizada atrav?s de ensaios de espectroscopia UV-Vis e dicroismo circular. Adicionalmente, o impacto do estado de agrega??o na permeabilidade intestinal e no poss?vel reconhecimento dos agregados pelo sistema imunol?gico foram investigados. A segunda parte deste trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de micro- e nanocarreadores para sobrepor as barreiras para absor??o da AmB ap?s a sua administra??o pela via oral. Para este fim, AmB foi incorporada em micro- e nanoemuls?es para observa??o da habilidade destes sistemas de incrementar a permeabilidade intestinal de mol?culas. Tal habilidade foi avaliada atrav?s do m?todo ex vivo de C?maras de Ussing, onde o tecido intestinal ? utilizado como barreira entre duas semi-c?maras. Nenhuma permea??o foi detectada nas condi??es experimentais utilizadas. No entanto, os dados obtidos atrav?s da medidas eletrofisiol?gicas demonstraram que a velocidade da perda da viabilidade do tecido ? dependente do estado de agrega??o da AmB em contato com o tecido. Tamb?m foi observado, atrav?s dos ensaios de permeabilidade que as rotas de absor??o paracelular e transcelular devem ser rotas marginais quando a absor??o da AmB ? observada in vivo, como descrito na literatura. Como alternativas, as rotas de absor??o pela captura de agregados e part?culas pelas placas de Peyer e a rota de absor??o linf?tica t?m sido discutidas. Finalmente, um otro sistema particulado que objetiva a libera??o em n?vel de col?n e baseada na utiliza??o da xilana, um biopol?mero natural e enzimaticamente degradado. A xilana ? polissacar?deo presente em gr?os, cereais e plantas angiospermas que ? especificamente degradado na regi?o col?nica, especificamente pela microbiota l? presente. A t?cnica aplicada de forma original consiste na forma??o de uma emuls?o ?gua-?gua de xilana em presen?a de PEG, seguida por uma etapa de reticula??o com o tris?dio trimetafosfato. Atrav?s da aplica??o desta t?cnica foi poss?vel produzir part?culas ? base de xilana que podem ter seu tamanho m?dio, de forma controlada, variado entre 380 nm e 4.5 ?m, de acordo com os par?metros utilizados. Esta t?cnica tamb?m ? livre do uso de solventes org?nicos e possui potencial aplica??o para a libera??o controlada de AmB em n?vel de col?n. / This thesis is part of the development and evaluation of nanomedicines potentially able to overcome unfavorable biopharmaceutical properties of amphotericin B (AmB), a highly effective molecule used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections and leishmaniasis, but difficult to formulate efficiently, whatever the route of delivery. It is believed that this hydrophobic molecule suffers from severe limitations due to its pronounced tendency to aggregate under physiological conditions. The first part of the thesis was driven on the hypothesis that the degree of aggregation of AmB could have a strong impact on some of its pharmacokinetics properties. For this purpose albumin has been used to produce controlled complexes between albumin and AmB in order to control AmB aggregation states. The morphological characteristics of the resulting colloidal objects have been carefully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Furthermore, the impact of aggregation state on both the intestinal permeability and a possibly expected recognition of the aggregates by the immunological system were investigated. The second part of this work was focused on the development of micro- and nanocarriers intended to overcome the absorption barrier raised against AmB after oral delivery. For this purpose, AmB was loaded into micro- and nanoemulsions to evaluate a possible permeability enhancement effect through the intestinal membrane, which was evaluated in ratas using the Ussing chamber model. No detectable permeation was seen in any of the experimental conditions. However, the electrophysiological data showed tissue viability losses due to the strong toxicity of AmB, that were dependent on the aggregation state of AmB when in contact with the tissue. It was also concluded from detailed permeation experiments in healthy tissues that paracellular and transcellular routes were likely to be only marginal pathways when oral absorption are observed in vivo, as reported in the literature. The likeness of other possible absorption pathways, including Peyer's patches capture and lymphatic pathway implication for aggregated particles has been discussed. Finally, another particulate system intended for colonic delivery and based on xylan, a natural and enzymatically degradable biopolymer, has been investigated. Xylan is a polysaccharide present in grains, cereals and angiosperm plants that is specifically degraded on colon region, by the microbiota. An original process consisting in a water-in-water emulsion of xylan in presence of PEG followed by a crosslinking phase using trisodium trimetaphosphate has been developed, making possible the production of xylan-based biocompatible micro- and nanospheres ranging from 380 nm to 4.5 ?m, depending on the parameters in the process. This eco-friendly process is free of harmful solvents and has potential application for the delivery of AmB at the colonic level.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-10-17T21:12:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - definitiva! Mar?lia Santos_RGV.pdf: 1618280 bytes, checksum: a6213dfbd6c8106d7bdcae3f7afaca5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T21:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - definitiva! Mar?lia Santos_RGV.pdf: 1618280 bytes, checksum: a6213dfbd6c8106d7bdcae3f7afaca5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / This research addresses a study of methods of collection and phenological data analysisofHimatanthus bracteatus(A. DC.) Woodson e H. drasticus (Mart.) Plumel(Apocynaceae), and investigate their phenological patterns, relating them to the morphological and functional characters, biotic and abiotic factors. Monthly observations of leaf and reproductive phenology, and herbivory activity of these species were performed. We analyzed the leaf traits, water potential, chlorophyll and wood density (in dry months and rainymonths), and floral biology and floral visitor?s aspects. The normality of the data was tested by setting the corresponding regression and correlation tests. The morphological and functional characters were subjected to analysis of variance, considering each month as a treatment. In this study the quantitative method and the circular analysis were identified as the most appropriate for the intensity analysis and phenological timing of the species. The species were evergreen, with annual flowering and extend fruiting, overlaying all phenophases. Synchrony was note between reproductive phenophases. We identified the Pseudosphinx tetrio as a leaf predator. The precipitation was the trigger for the development of these caterpillars, observed in the host in rainy months. The morphofunctional characters showed water reserves in the stem of both species. The herbivorous activity had relationship with mature leaves and budding.The flowering became more intense in the absence of caterpillars. Thefloral morphology and biologyidentified phalenophily as the pollination syndrome. The aggregation and phenological patterns seems to be related to herbivory and pollination processes ofH. bracteatus and H.drasticus. / Essa pesquisa aborda um estudo de m?todos de coleta e an?lise de dados fenol?gicos de Himatanthus bracteatus(A. DC.) Woodson e H. drasticus(Mart.) Plumel (Apocynaceae), e investiga os seus padr?es fenol?gicos, relacionando-os com os caracteres morfofuncionais, fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos. Para tanto, foram realizadas observa??es mensais da fenologia foliar e reprodutiva, e da atividade herb?vora dessas esp?cies. Analisamosos atributos foliares, potencial h?drico, clorofila e densidade da madeira (em meses de seca e chuva, durante o per?odo de estudo), aspectos de biologia floral e visitantes florais.A normalidade dos dados foi testada, definindo os testes de regress?o e correla??o correspondentes. Os caracteres morfofuncionais foram submetidos ?an?lise de vari?ncia, considerando cada m?s como um tratamento.Neste estudo o m?todo quantitativo e a an?lise circular foram identificados como os mais adequados para a an?lise de intensidade e sincronia fenol?gica das esp?cies. Em ambas as esp?cies, constatou-se padr?o perenif?lio,flora??o e frutifica??o anuais e longas, com sobreposi??o em todas as fenofases e forte sincronia entre as fenofases reprodutivas. Identificou-se a Pseudosphinx tetriocomo predadora, sendo a precipita??o o gatilho para o desenvolvimento destas, as quais foram observadas nos hospedeiros em meses chuvosos. Os caracteres morfofuncionais apontaram reserva h?drica no caule de ambas as esp?cies. A atividade herb?vora teve ainda rela??o com folhas maduras e brotamento.Aflora??o foi mais intensa na aus?ncia das lagartas.A morfologia e biologia floral apontam para a fanelofilia como s?ndrome de poliniza??o das esp?cies. A agrega??o e padr?esfenol?gicosparecem estar relacionados com a herbivoria e s?ndrome de poliniza??o em H. bracteatus e H.drasticus.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T19:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cl?udia dos Reis Ferreira.pdf: 1425765 bytes, checksum: d847a95493845c76aaaf6f7635662069 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T19:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cl?udia dos Reis Ferreira.pdf: 1425765 bytes, checksum: d847a95493845c76aaaf6f7635662069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / CAPES / To manage properly the natural resources and also to produce with sustainability is a big challenge. Conservation management practices, such as no-tillage system (NTS), intend to increase the sustainability of agricultural systems through improvement of chemical, physical and biological soil attributes. This work was developed in private rural systems, explored commercially in Guaira municipality ? Paran? State. Three different areas were evaluated, with NTS adoption time of 7, 14 and 23 years, with succession of soybean (summer) and corn/wheat crops (winter) (NTS7, NTS14 and NTS23, respectively), and an area of Atlantic Forest as reference. The sampling was taken in the dry season (September/2013), after harvesting corn, and in the rainy season (February/2014), after harvesting soybean; to evaluate effect of duration of soil usage and management under the different crops in NTS on edaphic attributes. The hypothesis tested were: a) long duration management systems can change physical, chemical and biological soil properties; b) the crop succession with grass/legumes species (corn/soybean) promotes modifications in the groups of soil macrofauna and, consequently, in the compartments of soil organic matter (SOM); and c) the season of sampling (winter and summer) influences the composition of soil macrofauna and in the SOM compartments. They were analyzed chemical attributes and total organic carbon (TOC) and nutrient stocks (Ca, Mg, K and P), particle size, aggregates stability, bulk and particle densities, actual soil moisture, calculated the total volume of pores, and evaluated the edaphic macrofauna, at the depths of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. The morphological types of aggregates were identified, establishing three groups: physiogenic, intermediates and biogenic. For the different groups it was measured the relative composition, TOC, and physical and chemical fractionation of organic matter. In general, the variation in chemical properties were related to NTS time and the sampling season, which also reflects the soil coverage. Soybean and corn/wheat succession contributed to increase contents and stocks of carbon, Ca and P in the different NTS chronosequences. Although there was no significant difference between the areas, the increasing bulk density values observed with depth in the NTS23 area, with longer system adoption, indicate compacted layers that should be monitored. The highest density and total richness of macrofauna individuals were found in the NTS14 and NTS23 areas under corn residues, but there were not observed higher indexes of equability, due to dominance of Formicidae and Isoptera groups. The areas with the highest equability values were the reference, in the dry season, and NTS23 in the rainy season, with values to 0.87 and 0.61, respectively. The biogenic aggregates were found in larger proportion in the reference area, while the physiogenics and intermediate predominated in the managed areas. The TOC contents were higher in biogenic aggregates, as well as organic carbon associated with minerals (OCam). The humin fraction showed no significant differences in the dry season, while in the rainy season the humin content was higher in physiogenic aggregates. This result indicates that biogenic aggregates of the dry season change into the physiogenic aggregates found in the rainy season. / Gerenciar adequadamente os recursos ambientais e simultaneamente produzir de forma sustent?vel ? um grande desafio. Pr?ticas de manejo conservacionistas, como o sistema plantio direto (SPD), visam aumentar a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agr?colas atrav?s da melhoria dos atributos qu?micos, f?sicos e biol?gicos do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em sistemas agr?colas particulares, explorados comercialmente no munic?pio de Gua?ra ? PR. Foram avaliadas tr?s ?reas com diferentes tempos de ado??o do SPD, por 7, 14 e 23 anos sob sucess?o das culturas soja (ver?o) e milho/trigo (inverno) (SPD7, SPD14 e SPD23 respectivamente), e uma ?rea de Floresta Atl?ntica como refer?ncia. As amostragens foram feitas no inverno ap?s a colheita das culturas de milho (setembro/2013), e no ver?o, ap?s a colheita de soja (fevereiro/2014). O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de uso e manejo do solo sob diferentes coberturas em SPD sobre os atributos ed?ficos. As hip?teses testadas foram: a) sistemas de manejo de longa dura??o podem alterar caracter?sticas f?sicas, qu?micas e biol?gicas dos solos; b) a sucess?o de culturas com esp?cies de gram?neas/leguminosas (milho/soja) promove modifica??es nos grupos da macrofauna do solo e, desta forma, nos compartimentos da MOS; e c) a ?poca de avalia??o (inverno e ver?o) influencia na composi??o da macrofauna do solo e nos compartimentos da MOS. Foram analisados: atributos qu?micos e estoques de carbono org?nico total (COT) e de nutrientes (Ca, Mg, K e P), an?lise granulom?trica, estabilidade de agregados, densidade do solo (Ds) e da part?cula (Dp), umidade atual do solo, calculado o volume total de poros, e avaliada a macrofauna ed?fica, nas profundidades de 0-0,1, 0,1-0,2 e 0,2-0,3 m. Foram identificados os tipos morfol?gicos de agregados, nos tr?s grupos: fisiog?nicos, intermedi?rios e biog?nicos. Para os diferentes grupos, foi medida a composi??o relativa, COT, e fracionamento qu?mico e f?sico ou granulom?trico da mat?ria org?nica. De modo geral, a varia??o nos atributos qu?micos se relacionou com o tempo de implanta??o do SPD e a ?poca de amostragem, que tamb?m refletiu a cobertura do solo. A sucess?o soja, milho/trigo contribuiu no aumento dos teores e estoques de carbono, Ca e P nos diferentes tempos de implanta??o do SPD. Embora sem diferen?a significativa entre as ?reas, os valores de Ds em profundidade na ?rea SPD23, com maior tempo de ado??o, indicam camadas compactadas, que devem ser monitoradas. A maior densidade e riqueza total de indiv?duos da macrofauna foram encontradas nas ?reas SPD14 e SPD23 sob a palhada do milho; por?m n?o foram observados maiores ?ndices de equabilidade, pelo dom?nio dos grupos Formicidae e Isoptera. As ?reas com maiores valores de equabilidade foram a de refer?ncia, no inverno, e a de SPD23 no ver?o, com 0,87 e 0,61, respectivamente. A maior propor??o de agregados biog?nicos foi na ?rea de refer?ncia; j? os fisiog?nicos e intermedi?rios predominaram nas ?reas manejadas. Os teores de COT foram maiores nos agregados biog?nicos, assim como o carbono org?nico associado aos minerais (COam). A fra??o humina n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa na coleta de inverno; no ver?o, a humina foi maior nos agregados fisiog?nicos. Esse resultado indica que os agregados biog?nicos do inverno originaram os agregados fisiog?nicos encontrados no ver?o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TarcianaCGA.pdf: 634423 bytes, checksum: 54bd90fdc2abea42aaa8c6e698915963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Fucans are a family of sulfated homo and teropolysaccharides respectively, composed mainly of a- (1?2) and a- (1?3) linked by L-fucose residues. Properties such as the ability to act as an anti-contraceptive, to reduce cholesterol levels, and to act as an anti-tumor agent are much related. We have focused our attention on the anticoagulant properties, platelet aggregation, hemorrhagic activity and complement system in vitro of commercial fucoidan (F) and their purified fractions (F1, F2 and F3) from Fucus vesiculosus obtained from fractionation of the fucoidan with different concentrations of acetone 1, 2 and 3v. These compounds were chemically characterized and the fucoidan (F) was modified by desulfation. The anticoagulant activity of the compounds was assessment by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombine time assay (PT) using citrated normal human plasma. The results of APPT test showed that F, F1 and F2 have high anticoagulants activities 240.0 s (5 ?g). The F3 showed 73.7 s in the same concentrations. The results obtained with PT test to F, F1, F2 and F3 were 81.5 s, 120.0 s, 57.1 and 32.5 s respectively with 50 ?g. The dessulfated polymer showed a decrease in the anticoagulant activity in these two tests. Platelet aggregation assay was measured turbidimetrically with platelet aggregometer by method of Born. The aggregation platelet with F and fractions F1, F2 and F3 exhibited a two-phase answer in the concentration of 5 mg/mL with maximum aggregation of 76.36 ? 10.3% ; 69.54 ? 9.40%; 75.94 ? 9.01%; 51.13 ? 9.59% respectively. However, was observed a hipoaggregate profile F (15.17 ? 5.2%), F1 (7.40 ? 3.04 %), F2 (19.1 ? 5.41%) and F3 (5.09 ? 3.02%) at 0.1 mg/mL. The hemorrhagic activity assay was carried in Wistar rats and showed that these compounds have low hemorrhagic effect when compared to heparin. The complement system ( alternative pathway was made using non-sensibilized rabbit red blood cells The results of complement system essay showed that F , F2 and F3 have action inhibitory in relation to the group control 0.544, 0.697, 0.622 and 0.958 respectively The results showed that these compounds have action on this system. Interaction of the polisaccharides with proteins C3 and C4 showed that the fraction F1 stimulated the activity assay hemolytic using red blood cells / Fucanas s?o uma fam?lia de homo e hetero polissacar?deos sulfatados, formadas por uma cadeia central com liga??es α-(1→2) ou α-(1→3) unidas atrav?s de res?duos de L-fucose. Propriedades como a habilidade para agir como um anticoncepcional, reduzir n?veis de colesterol, e agir como um agente anti-tumoral foram relatadas. N?s focalizamos nossa aten??o nas propriedades anticoagulantes, agrega??o plaquet?ria, atividade anti-hemost?tica e sistema de complemento in vitro do fucoidan comercial e das fra??es F1, F2 e F3 de Fucus vesiculosus obtidas atrav?s do fracionamento do fucoidan por precipta??o com acetona (1, 2 e 3v). A atividade anticoagulante dos compostos foi avaliada pelo tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativado (APTT) e o tempo de protrombina (PT) usando plasma humano citratado. Os resultados do teste de APPT mostraram que o Fucoidan (F) e as fra??es F1 e F2 t?m altas atividades anticoagulantes 240,0 s (5 ?g), enquanto que a F3 mostrou 73,7s nas mesma concentra??o. Os resultados obtidos com PT para o F, F1, F2 e F3 foram 81,5 s, 120,0 s, 57,1 e 32,5 s respectivamente usando a massa de 50 ?g. A dessulfata??o do Fucoidan demonstrou uma diminui??o da atividade anticoagulante nos dois testes. O ensaio de agrega??o plaquet?ria foi realizado no agregometro de acordo com o m?todo de Born. A agrega??o plaquet?ria induzida pelo fucoidam e pelas fra??es de F1, F2 e F3 exibiram uma resposta bif?sica na concentra??o de 5 mg/mL com amplitude m?xima de agrega??o de 76,36% ? 10,3%; 69,54% ? 9,40%; 75,94% ? 9,01%; 51,13% ? 9,59% respectivamente. Por?m, na concentra??o 0,1 mg/mL foi observada um perfil hipoagregante para o Fucoidan (15,17% ? 5,2) e para as fra??es F1 (7,4% ? 3,04%), F2 (19,1% ? 5,41) e F3 (5,09% ? 3,02%). A atividade anti-hemost?tica foi realizada com ratos machos da linhagem Wistar e demonstrou que estes compostos t?m efeito hemorr?gico residual menor do que o da heparina. A a??o dos polissacar?deos fucosilados sulfatados na via alternativa do sistema complemento foi realizada atrav?s da utiliza??o de eritr?citos de coelhos n?o sensibilizados. Os resultados para o Sistema Complemento mostraram que o F, F2 e F3 t?m a??o neste sistema, apresentando efeito inibit?rio em rela??o ao grupo controle 0,544, 0,697, 0,622 e 0,958 respectivamente. Intera??es dos polissacar?deos com as prote?nas C3 e C4 demonstraram que a fra??o F1 estimula a atividade hemol?tica do complemento usando eritr?citos de coelho. Conclu?mos que estes a??cares t?m atividade anticoagulante e atuam como inibidores do sistema complemento sendo uma valiosa droga que pode ser empregada em doen?as relacionadas com inflama??o e coagula??o sang??nea

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaCFMB.pdf: 373126 bytes, checksum: 359c5249b6f868d7e2bf1418acaf9bec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-28 / To determine whether there is familiar aggregation of severe preeclampsia in a Brazilian population from Rio Grande do Norte and to characterize the maternal and perinatal outcomes in the studied population. Methods: A case control study was performed with 412 participants who were admitted at Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco (MEJC) for medical care. Of these, 264 subjects presented normal blood pressure and 148 were cases. Cases were composed of eclampsia (n=47), HELLP Syndrome (n=85) and Eclampsia associated with HELLP syndrome (n=16). The diagnosis of these illness were based on the citeria developed by National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working (2000). An interview was performed with each subject and questions related to personal and familiar history of hypertension, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome and eclampsia. Statistical analysis was performed and comparison of median and mean between cases and controls were performed, with the level of significance of 5%. The Odds-Ratio was determined to estimate the risk of preeclampsia within the families. Results: There were no difference in the demographic data between cases and controls. Previous history of chronic hypertension and preeclampsia was more frequent in the case group. Headaches were more frequent in eclampsia and epigastric pain in the HELLP syndrome cases. Bleeding and oliguria were more frequently found in the eclampsia associated with HELLP syndrome cases. Acute Renal insufficiency was a common complication in the case group, but these cases did not evolve to chronic renal insufficiency. The maternal mortality was 0.4% and the perinatal mortality was high, 223 per 1,000 live births. The 111 risk of a woman to develop preeclampsia whose mother has hypertension or had preeclampsia was respectively 2.5 and 3.5. This risk was increased 5 times, when a sibling has hypertension and 6 times when both sibling and mother had previous history of preeclampsia. Conclusions: This study confirms that there is familiar aggregation of preeclampsia in this Brazilian population. The potential for cardiovascular complications due to development of chronic hypertension indicates the need of closely follow up of women who develop preeclampsia / Determinar a agrega??o familiar na pr?-ecl?mpsia severa em popula??o brasileira do Rio Grande do Norte e caracterizar os resultados maternos e perinatais desta popula??o. M?todos: Estudo de caso controle, no qual foram arroladas 412 pacientes internadas na Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco (MEJC). Dessas, 264 pacientes normotensas, grupo controle, e 148 com pr?-ecl?mpsia severa, grupo dos casos. Os casos foram compostos por ecl?mpsia (n=47), s?ndrome HELLP (n=85) e por ambas, ecl?mpsia e s?ndrome HELLP (n=16). O diagn?stico, destas doen?as, foram baseados nos crit?rios adotados pelo National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working (2000). Foi realizado inqu?rito familiar quanto ? agrega??o familiar, sendo questionadas informa??es a respeito de antecedentes de hipertens?o cr?nica, pr?-ecl?mpsia, ecl?mpsia e s?ndrome HELLP. An?lise estat?stica foi realizada para avaliar associa??es e correla??es entre vari?veis, bem como compara??o de m?dias ou medianas, adotando-se um n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. O Odds-Ratio foi calculado para estimar o risco da pr?-ecl?mpsia severa nas fam?lias. Resultados: N?o houve diferen?a nos par?metros demogr?ficos entre casos e controles. A hist?ria pr?via de hipertens?o cr?nica e pr?-ecl?mpsia foram mais frequentes nas pacientes com pr?-ecl?mpsia severa. A cefal?ia foi o sintoma mais freq?ente na ecl?mpsia e a epigastralgia na s?ndrome HELLP. A hemorragia e a olig?ria foram mais presentes quando associado ecl?mpsia e s?ndrome HELLP. A insufici?ncia renal aguda foi uma complica??o freq?ente, sem, no entanto, evoluir para a insufici?ncia renal cr?nica. A mortalidade xii materna foi baixa 0,4% e a mortalidade perinatal alta de 223 por 1000 nascidos vivos. O risco de uma mulher, cuja m?e teve hipertens?o ou pr?-ecl?mpsia, vir a ter pr?-ecl?mpsia ?, respectivamente, 2,5 e 3,5 vezes. Esse risco aumenta para cinco vezes, quando a irm? tem antecedente de hipertens?o e seis vezes quando, tanto a m?e quanto a irm? t?m antecedentes de pr?-ecl?mpsia. Conclus?es: Este estudo confirma a agrega??o familiar da pr?-ecl?mpsia em popula??o brasileira. O risco aumentado para doen?as cardiovasculares e hipertens?o cr?nica nestas mulheres, indica a necessidade de seguimento das pacientes que desenvolvem pr?-ecl?mpsia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseWQ_TESE.pdf: 1778874 bytes, checksum: 7ff2c9f470b5b3873803d39a321ee362 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-05 / This work demonstrates the importance of using tools used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data analysis (SDA) for the study of infectious diseases. Analysis methods were used to describe more fully the spatial distribution of a particular disease by incorporating the geographical element in the analysis. In Chapter 1, we report the historical evolution of these techniques in the field of human health and use Hansen s disease (leprosy) in Rio Grande do Norte as an example. In Chapter 2, we introduced a few basic theoretical concepts on the methodology and classified the types of spatial data commonly treated. Chapters 3 and 4 defined and demonstrated the use of the two most important techniques for analysis of health data, which are data point processes and data area. We modelled the case distribution of Hansen s disease in the city of Mossor? - RN. In the analysis, we used R scripts and made available routines and analitical procedures developed by the author. This approach can be easily used by researchers in several areas. As practical results, major risk areas in Mossor? leprosy were detected, and its association with the socioeconomic profile of the population at risk was found. Moreover, it is clearly shown that his approach could be of great help to be used continuously in data analysis and processing, allowing the development of new strategies to work might increase the use of such techniques in data analysis in health care / O presente trabalho demonstra a import?ncia do uso de ferramentas relacionadas ? sistemas de informa??o geogr?fica (SIG) e an?lise espacial de dados (AED) em estudos de doen?as infecciosas. M?todos de an?lise foram usados para descrever de forma mais abrangente a distribui??o espacial de doen?as a partir da incorpora??o do elemento geogr?fico na an?lise. No Cap?tulo 1 relata-se a evolu??o hist?rica da aplica??o destas t?cnicas no campo da sa?de humana e elege-se a hansen?ase no estado do Rio Grande do Norte como exemplo de aplica??o. No Cap?tulo 2 introduzem-se alguns conceitos te?ricos b?sicos sobre a metodologia e classificam-se os tipos de dados espaciais comumente tratados. Os Cap?tulos 3 e 4 definem e demonstram a utiliza??o das mais importantes t?cnicas de an?lise para os dois principais tipos de dados encontrados na sa?de, quais sejam dados de processos pontuais e dados de ?rea, focalizando como estudo de caso a hansen?ase na cidade de Mossor? RN. Na an?lise, ? priorizada a utiliza??o do sistema R, disponibilizando-se scripts de rotinas e procedimentos de an?lise desenvolvidos pelo autor que podem ser facilmente utilizados por pesquisadores de diversas ?reas. Como resultados pr?ticos, importantes ?reas de risco da hansen?ase em Mossor? foram detectadas e sua forte associa??o com o perfil socioecon?mico da popula??o sob risco foi constatada. Al?m disso, estima-se que este trabalho possa vir a incrementar a utiliza??o de tais t?cnicas na an?lise de dados na ?rea de sa?de

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MauricioLA_DISSERT.pdf: 2113190 bytes, checksum: 160de9201ee3baf59aae3af8ccefdf5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work we elaborate and discuss a Complex Network model which presents connectivity scale free probability distribution (power-law degree distribution). In order to do that, we modify the rule of the preferential attachment of the Bianconi-Barabasi model, including a factor which represents the similarity of the sites. The term that corresponds to this similarity is called the affinity, and is obtained by the modulus of the difference between the fitness (or quality) of the sites. This variation in the preferential attachment generates very interesting results, by instance the time evolution of the connectivity, which follows a power-law distribution ki / ( t t0 )fi, where fi indicates the rate to the site gain connections. Certainly this depends on the affinity with other sites. Besides, we will show by numerical simulations results for the average path length and for the clustering coefficient / Neste trabalho, elaboramos e discutimos um modelo de rede complexa que apresenta escala livre (distribui??o de conectividade tipo lei de pot?ncia). Para isso, modificamos a regra de liga??o preferencial do modelo de Bianconi-Barab?si, inserindo um fator que retrata quanta semelhan?a ? guardada entre os par?metros de qualidades dos s?tios da rede. O termo que nos d? essa informa??o ? a chamada afinidade, sendo, a mesma, dada pelo m?dulo da diferen?a entre a qualidade do novo s?tio, que est? sendo inserido na rede, e as dos que j? fazem parte dela. Essa varia??o na liga??o preferencial permitiu, ao nosso modelo, obter resultados bastantes interessantes, como por exemplo, a evolu??o temporal da conectividade de um s?tio que segue uma lei pot?ncia ??ki ? ( t/t0)?, onde o expoente ?, que indica a taxa com que um s?tio consegue liga??es, certamente, depende de sua afinidade com os demais s?tios da rede. Al?m disso, mostraremos tamb?m, os resultados que foram obtidos, via simula??o num?rica, para o menor caminho m?dio e o coeficiente de agrega??o da rede gerada pelo nosso modelo, isto ?, pelo modelo de afinidade

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioMF.pdf: 5580410 bytes, checksum: cf8e01854d7d827d05dd7a75902c3375 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Difusive processes are extremely common in Nature. Many complex systems, such as microbial colonies, colloidal aggregates, difusion of fluids, and migration of populations, involve a large number of similar units that form fractal structures. A new model of difusive agregation was proposed recently by Filoche and Sapoval [68]. Based on their work, we develop a model called Difusion with Aggregation and Spontaneous Reorganization . This model consists of a set of particles with excluded volume interactions, which perform random walks on a square lattice. Initially, the lattice is occupied with a density p = N/L2 of particles occupying distinct, randomly chosen positions. One of the particles is selected at random as the active particle. This particle executes a random walk until it visits a site occupied by another particle, j. When this happens, the active particle is rejected back to its previous position (neighboring particle j), and a new active particle is selected at random from the set of N particles. Following an initial transient, the system attains a stationary regime. In this work we study the stationary regime, focusing on scaling properties of the particle distribution, as characterized by the pair correlation function ?(r). The latter is calculated by averaging over a long sequence of configurations generated in the stationary regime, using systems of size 50, 75, 100, 150, . . . , 700. The pair correlation function exhibits distinct behaviors in three diferent density ranges, which we term subcritical, critical, and supercritical. We show that in the subcritical regime, the particle distribution is characterized by a fractal dimension. We also analyze the decay of temporal correlations / Na Natureza ? muito comum ocorrerem processos de difus?o. Muitos sistemas complexos, tais como: col?nias microbianas, agregados coloidais, difus?o de fluidos e migra??es populacionais, s?o compostos de um n?mero muito grande de unidades similares que formam estruturas fractais. Recentemente, um novo estudo destes sistemas foi introduzido por Filoche e Sapoval [68]. Baseado neste trabalho, n?s desenvolvemos um modelo chamado "Difus?o com Agrega??o e Reorganiza??o Espont?nea". Este modelo consiste em um conjunto de part?culas que interagem por meio da exclus?o de volume quando realizam caminhadas aleat?rias em uma rede quadrada. Inicialmente, a rede ? preenchida com uma densidade p = N/L2 de part?culas distribu?das em posi??es distintas escolhidas aleatoriamente. Uma das part?culas ? escolhida ao acaso para se tornar uma part?cula ativa. Esta part?cula executa caminhadas aleat?rias at? visitar um s?tio ocupado por uma part?cula j. Quando a part?cula ativa salta sobre o s?tio ocupado pela part?cula j ? re etida e retorna para a posi??o anterior, e uma nova part?cula ativa ? escolhida aleatoriamente no conjunto de N part?culas contidas na rede. Ap?s um transiente, o sistema alcan?a um regime estacion?rio. Neste trabalho, n?s estudamos este regime estacion?rio, atentando para as propriedades de escala da distribui??o de part?culas que ? caracterizada por uma fun??o de correla??o de pares ?(r). Em seguida, calculamos a m?dia sobre uma sequ?ncia de configura??es geradas nesse regime, usando sistemas de tamanhos L igual a 50, 75, 100, 150, . . . , 700. A fun??o de correla??o de pares exibe comportamentos distintos em tr?s regimes diferentes de densidades, que n?s definimos como regime subcr?tico, cr?tico e supercr?tico. N?s mostramos que no regime subcr?tico, a distribui??o de part?culas ? caracterizada por uma dimens?o fractal. N?s tamb?m analisamos o decaimento das correla??es temporais