While the original focus of pragmatics was spoken conversation, this approach has been increasingly used in the analysis of written and monological texts, e.g. advertisements (Tanaka, 1994), as a means of explaining how the meanings within them are generated and recovered through context. The range of texts subjected to pragmatics has thus far been somewhat limited and there is scope for applying pragmatics in other genres. The research for this essay was designed to explain the generation of implicatures in newspapers by relating a sample of articles to theoretical approaches offered within pragmatics, such as Relevance Theory and deixis. A number of semantic and stylistic devices are used in such articles, such as anaphora, metaphor and metonymy. These depend upon an expectation of reader familiarity with them and they are thus able to contribute to brevity and comprehension. While newspapers have been examined by scholars to some extent, the focus of these studies has been on headlines and not on entire articles. In this current study, three articles from different British tabloid papers were examined. The examination showed that the articles had many features in common and what was the most salient was that they require the reader to rely heavily on encyclopaedic knowledge. It turned out that writers keep their articles brief by withholding details or clarifying information from the reader, as they assume the reader are familiar with the phenomena mentioned. Anaphora is frequently used in tabloid newspaper articles as it also enables the writers to keep their articles brief, but also because it makes the articles more varied and less repetitive. Additionally, reader familiarity with metonymy, metaphor and deixis is necessary if the reader is to make sense of what an article means.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-04-24T15:43:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carla Assmann Morais_.pdf: 3164534 bytes, checksum: bbb67f057796122550dfcf9186e23401 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T15:44:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carla Assmann Morais_.pdf: 3164534 bytes, checksum: bbb67f057796122550dfcf9186e23401 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CNJ - Conselho Nacional de Justiça / A arte de produzir dicionários é uma prática que tem uma tradição de longo tempo na história da humanidade. Em específico, as obras de língua geral são utilizadas pelos falantes da língua para dirimir dúvidas em relação à ortografia e ao significado das palavras. Quanto à organização e ao tratamento do significado lexical, esses dicionários normalmente seguem a abordagem semasiológica. Valendo-se do potencial da Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985), este trabalho investiga em que medida a concepção enciclopédica de significado, defendida por essa teoria, pode contribuir para a prática lexicográfica tradicional. Até o momento, a Semântica de Frames foi aplicada em projetos que têm uma interface com a Lexicografia Computacional; no entanto, entendemos que essa abordagem tem atributos para beneficiar a lexicografia tradicional, como sugere Ostermann (2014). Assim, a partir da análise do item lexical mãe,baseada emcorpus, tencionamos avaliar em que medida a concepção enciclopédica do significado conforme a Semântica de Frames pode contribuir para o tratamento do significado lexical na prática lexicográfica. Para avaliar em que medida a Semântica de Frames pode servir de aporte teórico à Lexicografia, avaliamos a unidade lexical mãe. Metodologicamente, o trabalho tem duas frentes de análise. A primeira objetiva identificar os frames evocados pela unidade lexical mãe, na qual foi realizada uma análise semântica que tem como base os modelos cognitivos mãe, mapeados por Lakoff (1987);a Frame Net, com os frames Kinship e GivingBirth;e o corpus NILC (Núcleo Interinstitucional). A outra frente – a análise lexicográfica – buscou identificar, nos verbetes de mãe de seis dicionários de língua geral, nuances dos frames identificados na etapa anterior da análise.Para o processamento do corpus NILC, previsto na análise semântica, contou-se com o auxílio das principais funcionalidades da ferramenta computacional Sketch Engine. Os resultados da análise mostram que a unidade lexical mãe evoca cinco frames – Nascimento, de Parentesco, Relação Conjugal, Genético e Cuidados. Isso indica que os dicionários precisam incluir, em seus verbetes, o conhecimento contemplado por essas estruturas. / The art of dictionary making has a long tradition. In particular, general monolingual dictionaries are used by speakers of a language to solve doubts concerning words spelling and meaning. From what regards word sense treatment and organization, these dictionaries follow a semasiological approach. The present thesis explores Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) and its encyclopedic conception of meaning by examining its usability for traditional lexicographical practice. Although Frame Semantics has been mostly applied to projects in Computational Lexicography, we advocate, as suggested by Ostermann (2014), that traditional lexicography can benefit from this theory. Thus, through the corpus-based analysis of the lexical unit mãe, we intend to evaluate to which extent Frame Semantics encyclopedic conception of meaning may contribute to lexicographical treatment of word meaning. In order to explore the suitability of Frame Semantics as a theoretical framework for lexicography, mãeis described in a twofold way: first, a semantic analysis of the lexical unit is carried out and the frames evoked by it are identified, using Lakoff’s cognitive models for mother (LAKOFF, 1987), FrameNetKinship and Giving Birthframes, and data extracted from NILC corpus; second, six entries of mãein general monolingual dictionaries are analyzed in search for traces of the frames identified in the previous stage of the analysis. For processing NILC corpus Sketch Engine main functionalities were used. Results from the analysis show that the lexical unit mãeevokes five frames –Nascimento (birth), Parentesco(kinship), Relação Conjugal (conjugal relationship), Genético (genetic), and Cuidados(nurture). This finding shows that dictionaries should include the knowledge covered by these structures in their entries.