Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc.) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 är en kronisk sjukdom som obehandlad eller dåligt skött, kan leda till svåra komplikationer. Emellertid är det en av få sjukdomar som till viss mån, går att kontrollera och styra med livsstilsförändringar, däribland fysisk aktivitet. Sjuksköterskans roll är att stötta, informera och ge individen råd, dock ligger mycket på personens egna vilja, drivkraft och motivation till att genomföra en förändring till ökad motion. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa följsamheten till fysisk aktivitet hos personer med diabetes typ 2. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie baserad på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna analyserades med Graneheim och Lundmans tolkning av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom huvudkategorierna brist på motivation och egen drivkraft som motivation med tillhörande underkategorier hotande egenvårdskapacitet, avsaknad av socialt stöd, upplevelsen av att vara begränsad och miljöns betydelse respektive att förstå sin sjukdom, att leva med en rädsla för komplikationer, behov av stöd samt behov av kunskap. Slutsats: Det huvudsakliga fyndet som framkom i litteraturstudien berörde motivationens betydelse för följsamheten till fysisk aktivitet, hos personer med diabetes typ 2.

abstract: Applications of non-traditional stable isotope variations are moving beyond geosciences to biomedicine, made possible by advances in multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) technology. Mass-dependent isotope variation can provide information about the sources of elements and the chemical reactions that they undergo. Iron and calcium isotope systematics in biomedicine are relatively unexplored but have great potential scientific interest due to their essential nature in metabolism. Iron, a crucial element in biology, fractionates during biochemically relevant reactions. To test the extent of this fractionation in an important reaction process, equilibrium iron isotope fractionation during organic ligand exchange was determined. The results show that iron fractionates during organic ligand exchange, and that isotope enrichment increases as a function of the difference in binding constants between ligands. Additionally, to create a mass balance model for iron in a whole organism, iron isotope compositions in a whole mouse and in individual mouse organs were measured. The results indicate that fractionation occurs during transfer between individual organs, and that the whole organism was isotopically light compared with food. These two experiments advance our ability to interpret stable iron isotopes in biomedicine. Previous research demonstrated that calcium isotope variations in urine can be used as an indicator of changes in net bone mineral balance. In order to measure calcium isotopes by MC-ICP-MS, a chemical purification method was developed to quantitatively separate calcium from other elements in a biological matrix. Subsequently, this method was used to evaluate if calcium isotopes respond when organisms are subjected to conditions known to induce bone loss: 1) Rhesus monkeys were given an estrogen-suppressing drug; 2) Human patients underwent extended bed rest. In both studies, there were rapid, detectable changes in calcium isotope compositions from baseline - verifying that calcium isotopes can be used to rapidly detect changes in bone mineral balance. By characterizing iron isotope fractionation in biologically relevant processes and by demonstrating that calcium isotopes vary rapidly in response to bone loss, this thesis represents an important step in utilizing these isotope systems as a diagnostic and mechanistic tool to study the metabolism of these elements in vivo. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemistry 2011

Chau, Kai Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-159). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter I --- Abstract --- p.i / Chapter II --- Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Chapter III --- Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter IV --- List of Figures --- p.xv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Structure of Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Na+-K+ ATPase a subunit --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Na+-K+ ATPase β subunit --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1.4 --- Composition of the a subunit and β subunit --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1.5 --- Isomers of Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1.6 --- Mechanism of ion exchange --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Aquaporins --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Structure of AQP-1 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Distribution and function of AQP-1 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Hormone --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Prolactin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Structure of prolactin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1.2. --- Functions of prolactin --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Growth hormone --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Structure --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Function of growth hormone --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Cortisol --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Structure --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Functions of cortisol --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Sparus sarba --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- Urinary bladder of fish --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Effect of salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chronic effect of salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Fish --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Protein extraction and quantification --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Na+-K+ ATPase ATPase activity --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- RNA extraction and first strand cDNA synthesis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.1.6 --- Validation of semi-quantitative RT-PCR --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.1.7 --- Semi-quantification of expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Results --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Na+-K+ ATPase activity --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Relative expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in urinary bladder --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Chronic effect of salinity on Na+-K+ ATPase in urinary bladder --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Chronic effect of salinity on AQP-1 expression in urinary bladder --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of abrupt transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Materials and Methods --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Fish --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Effect of abrupt hypo-osmotic transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Effect of abrupt hyper-osmotic transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of in vitro salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Fish --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- Preparation of culture medium --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.1.4 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.1.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Discussion --- p.85 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.86 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Effect of hormones on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- In vivo effect of hormones on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Material and method --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Fish --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Hormonal effect on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder of sea water adapted fish --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Hormonal effect on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder of brackish water adapted fish --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Effect of prolactin on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Effect of cortisol on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3 --- In vitro effect of hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Fish --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Preparation of culture medium --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3.1.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Results --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Effect of prolactin on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Effect of cortisol on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Effect of prolactin on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.125 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Effect of cortisol on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.127 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.129 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Conclusions --- p.131 / References --- p.136

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong disease that requires regular injection of insulin and blood glucose (BG) monitoring. Many diabetes technologies have been created to assist in the management of T1D, including insulin pumps and Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). These systems have been shown to decrease treatment distress and improve glycemic control. However, the uptake of these systems is low due to both cost and other barriers such as discomfort of wear or psychosocial aspects. METHODS: A survey was administered to clinicians of people with diabetes to better understand their perception of patient related barriers to device use. This analysis compares two clusters of clinicians, named "Cautious" and "Ready" based on their readiness to promote CGM use in their patients. Both have positive attitudes towards technology, but the Cautious cluster perceives much higher barriers to device use in their patients than the Ready cluster. In this analysis, the individual barriers, prerequisites to CGM use, confidence in addressing barriers, and clinic staff resources are compared between clusters using independent means t-tests and Pearson chi-square analyses. RESULTS: Results indicate that the confidence in addressing the clinician-reported number 1 rated barrier to CGM use was significantly lower in the Cautious cluster. Also, most individual barriers were perceived significantly more heavily by clinicians in the Cautious cluster. No significant difference was found in prerequisites to CGM use or clinic staff resources between the clusters. DISCUSSION: Because no differences were found in clinician reported prerequisites to CGM use between clusters, it does not seem that the clinicians in the Cautious cluster expect more from their patients before using this technology. One possible explanation would be a clinical deficiency. However, since there was no difference in clinic staff resources, it is unlikely that the availability of these resources contributes to the increased perceived barriers. Thus, the problem may lie in the clinician themselves. One possible explanation for the increased perceived barriers by the Cautious cluster is their lack of confidence in addressing barriers. Our results show that the Cautious cluster is significantly less confident in addressing the #1 barrier their patients face to CGM use, which is most commonly listed as cost-related barriers such as cost of the device or insurance status. One possible solution to this lack of confidence in clinicians is increased education on ways to address and coach patients on cost-related barriers.

Nowadays exists large amount of data which characterizes environment on base of different parametres. Due to existence of such large amount of data which is difficult to understand and comprehensively visualize, it is necessary to find tools for their proper visualization. The main goal of this thesis is present current environment in place of residence and show possible influence of environmental factors on health. For achieving the goal it was necessary to obtain individual sets of data and prepare them for each analysis and also for their presentation. In thesis there are described various aspects of environment in the area of Příbram region. Also in text is described in detail spatial determined medical data. Thesis contains O2PLS analysis which will create regression model for thyroid function parameters. Output of whole thesis is creating a web application that clearly presents input data (environmental and medical), geostatical and 02PLS analysis. Due to this work has been developed procedure how to prepare a analyze different type of data and also created detailed describtion of presentation results. Till now has not been proven what aspects can affect thyroid function. Many diseases are affected by the environment. This thesis focuses on influence of environment on thyroid function. Main...