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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Predikce sekundární struktury RNA sekvencí / RNA secondary structure prediction

Hadwigerová, Michaela Unknown Date (has links)
Since the time RNA has been discovered by the nature scientist Miescher the structure and function of it has been forgotten for a long time. The prime role in science had always DNA. An increase of interest in RNA came with the discovery of the tRNA structure and its catalytic and enzymatic properties. These discoveries led to a great development wave of bioinformatics and structure and function analysis of RNA.
32

The Construction of Optimized High-Order Surface Meshes by Energy-Minimization

Bock, Karsten 18 January 2022 (has links)
Despite the increasing popularity of high-order methods in computational fluid dynamics, their application to practical problems still remains challenging. In order to exploit the advantages of high-order methods with geometrically complex computational domains, coarse curved meshes are necessary, i.e. high-order representations of the geometry. This dissertation presents a strategy for the generation of curved high-order surface meshes. The mesh generation method combines least-squares fitting with energy functionals, which approximate physical bending and stretching energies, in an incremental energy-minimizing fitting strategy. Since the energy weighting is reduced in each increment, the resulting surface representation features high accuracy. Nevertheless, the beneficial influence of the energy-minimization is retained. The presented method aims at enabling the utilization of the superior convergence properties of high-order methods by facilitating the construction of coarser meshes, while ensuring accuracy by allowing an arbitrary choice of geometric approximation order. Results show surface meshes of remarkable quality, even for very coarse meshes representing complex domains, e.g. blood vessels.
33

Existence and Stability of Periodic Waves in the Fractional Korteweg-de Vries Type Equations

Le, Uyen January 2021 (has links)
This thesis is concerned with the existence and spectral stability of periodic waves in the fractional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and the fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation. We study the existence of periodic travelling waves using various tools such as Green's function for fractional Laplacian operator, Petviashvili fixed point method, and a new variational characterization in which the periodic waves in fractional KdV and fractional mKdV are realized as the constrained minimizers of the quadratic part of the energy functional subject to fixed L3 and L4 norm respectively. This new variational framework allows us to identify the existence region of periodic travelling waves and to derive the criterion for spectral stability of the periodic waves with respect to perturbations of the same period. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
34

Study of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocomposites by Molecular Simulations

Mokashi, Vineet V. 26 May 2005 (has links)
No description available.
35

Modèles de minimisation d'énergies discrètes pour la cartographie cystoscopique / Discrete energy minimization models for cystoscopic cartography

Weibel, Thomas 09 July 2013 (has links)
L'objectif de cette thèse est de faciliter le diagnostic du cancer de la vessie. Durant une cystoscopie, un endoscope est introduit dans la vessie pour explorer la paroi interne de l'organe qui est visualisée sur un écran. Cependant, le faible champ de vue de l'instrument complique le diagnostic et le suivi des lésions. Cette thèse présente des algorithmes pour la création de cartes bi- et tridimensionnelles à large champ de vue à partir de vidéo-séquences cystoscopiques. En utilisant les avancées récentes dans le domaine de la minimisation d'énergies discrètes, nous proposons des fonctions coût indépendantes des transformations géométriques requises pour recaler de façon robuste et précise des paires d'images avec un faible recouvrement spatial. Ces transformations sont requises pour construire des cartes lorsque des trajectoires d'images se croisent ou se superposent. Nos algorithmes détectent automatiquement de telles trajectoires et réalisent une correction globale de la position des images dans la carte. Finalement, un algorithme de minimisation d'énergie compense les faibles discontinuités de textures restantes et atténue les fortes variations d'illuminations de la scène. Ainsi, les cartes texturées sont uniquement construites avec les meilleures informations (couleurs et textures) pouvant être extraites des données redondantes des vidéo-séquences. Les algorithmes sont évalués quantitativement et qualitativement avec des fantômes réalistes et des données cliniques. Ces tests mettent en lumière la robustesse et la précision de nos algorithmes. La cohérence visuelle des cartes obtenues dépassent celles des méthodes de cartographie de la vessie de la littérature / The aim of this thesis is to facilitate bladder cancer diagnosis. The reference clinical examination is cystoscopy, where an endoscope, inserted into the bladder, allows to visually explore the organ's internal walls on a monitor. The main restriction is the small field of view (FOV) of the instrument, which complicates lesion diagnosis, follow-up and treatment traceability.In this thesis, we propose robust and accurate algorithms to create two- and three-dimensional large FOV maps from cystoscopic video-sequences. Based on recent advances in the field of discrete energy minimization, we propose transformation-invariant cost functions, which allow to robustly register image pairs, related by large viewpoint changes, with sub-pixel accuracy. The transformations linking such image pairs, which current state-of-the-art bladder image registration techniques are unable to robustly estimate, are required to construct maps with several overlapping image trajectories. We detect such overlapping trajectories automatically and perform non-linear global map correction. Finally, the proposed energy minimization based map compositing algorithm compensates small texture misalignments and attenuates strong exposure differences. The obtained textured maps are composed by a maximum of information/quality available from the redundant data of the video-sequence. We evaluate the proposed methods both quantitatively and qualitatively on realistic phantom and clinical data sets. The results demonstrate the robustness of the algorithms, and the obtained maps outperform state-of-the-art approaches in registration accuracy and global map coherence
36

Méthodes d'Analyse et de Recalage d'images radiographiques de fret et de Véhicules / Image Analysis and Registration Methods for Cargo and vehicles X-Ray Imaging

Marciano, Abraham 03 July 2018 (has links)
La société contemporaine fait face à un niveau de menace sans précédent depuis la seconde guerre mondiale. La lutte contre le trafic illicite mobilise aussi l’ensemble desorganes de police, visant à endiguer le financement du crime organisé. Dans cet effort, les autorités s’engagent à employer des moyens de plus en plus modernes, afin notamment d’automatiser les processus d’inspection. L’objectif de cette étude est de développer des outils de vision par ordinateur afin d’assister les officiers de douanes dans la détection d’armes et de narcotiques. Letravail présenté examine l’emploi de techniques avancées de classification et de recalage d’images pour l’identification d’irrégularités dans des acquisitions radiographiques de fret. Plutôt que de recourir à la reconnaissance par apprentissage, nos méthodes revêtent un intérêt particulier lorsque les objets ciblés présentent des caractéristiques visuelles variées. De plus, elles augmentent notablement la détectabilité d’éléments cachés dans des zones denses, là où même les algorithmes de reconnaissance n’identifieraient pas d’anomalie. Nos travaux détaillent l’état de l’art des méthodes de classification et de recalage, explorant aussi diverses pistes de résolution. Les algorithmes sont testés sur d’importantes bases de données pour apprécier visuellement et numériquement leurs performances / Our societies, faced with an unprecedented level of security threat since WWII, must provide fast and adaptable solutions to cope with a new kind of menace. Illicit trade also, oftencorrelated with criminal actions, is viewed as a defining stake by governments and agencies. Enforcement authorities are thus very demandingin terms of technological features, asthey explicitly aim at automating inspection processes. The main objective of our research is to develop assisting tools to detect weapons and narcotics for lawenforcement officers. In the present work, we intend to employ and customize both advanced classification and image registration techniques for irregularity detection in X-ray cargo screening scans. Rather than employing machine-learning recognition techniques, our methods prove to be very efficient while targeting a very diverse type of threats from which no specific features can be extracted. Moreover, the proposed techniques significantly enhance the detection capabilities for law-enforcement officers, particularly in dense regions where both humans or trained learning models would probably fail. Our work reviews state-of-the art methods in terms of classification and image registration. Various numerical solutions are also explored. The proposed algorithms are tested on a very large number ofimages, showing their necessity and performances both visually and numerically.
37

Multifunctional Laminated Composites for Morphing Structures

Chillara, Venkata Siva Chaithanya 13 September 2018 (has links)
No description available.
38

Modélisation de scènes urbaines à partir de données aériennes / Urban scene modeling from airborne data

Verdie, Yannick 15 October 2013 (has links)
L'analyse et la reconstruction automatique de scène urbaine 3D est un problème fondamental dans le domaine de la vision par ordinateur et du traitement numérique de la géométrie. Cette thèse présente des méthodologies pour résoudre le problème complexe de la reconstruction d'éléments urbains en 3D à partir de données aériennes Lidar ou bien de maillages générés par imagerie Multi-View Stereo (MVS). Nos approches génèrent une représentation précise et compacte sous la forme d'un maillage 3D comportant une sémantique de l'espace urbain. Deux étapes sont nécessaires ; une identification des différents éléments de la scène urbaine, et une modélisation des éléments sous la forme d'un maillage 3D. Le Chapitre 2 présente deux méthodes de classifications des éléments urbains en classes d'intérêts permettant d'obtenir une compréhension approfondie de la scène urbaine, et d'élaborer différentes stratégies de reconstruction suivant le type d'éléments urbains. Cette idée, consistant à insérer à la fois une information sémantique et géométrique dans les scènes urbaines, est présentée en détails et validée à travers des expériences. Le Chapitre 3 présente une approche pour détecter la 'Végétation' incluses dans des données Lidar reposant sur les processus ponctuels marqués, combinée avec une nouvelle méthode d'optimisation. Le Chapitre 4 décrit à la fois une approche de maillage 3D pour les 'Bâtiments' à partir de données Lidar et de données MVS. Des expériences sur des structures urbaines larges et complexes montrent les bonnes performances de nos systèmes. / Analysis and 3D reconstruction of urban scenes from physical measurements is a fundamental problem in computer vision and geometry processing. Within the last decades, an important demand arises for automatic methods generating urban scenes representations. This thesis investigates the design of pipelines for solving the complex problem of reconstructing 3D urban elements from either aerial Lidar data or Multi-View Stereo (MVS) meshes. Our approaches generate accurate and compact mesh representations enriched with urban-related semantic labeling.In urban scene reconstruction, two important steps are necessary: an identification of the different elements of the scenes, and a representation of these elements with 3D meshes. Chapter 2 presents two classification methods which yield to a segmentation of the scene into semantic classes of interests. The beneath is twofold. First, this brings awareness of the scene for better understanding. Second, deferent reconstruction strategies are adopted for each type of urban elements. Our idea of inserting both semantical and structural information within urban scenes is discussed and validated through experiments. In Chapter 3, a top-down approach to detect 'Vegetation' elements from Lidar data is proposed using Marked Point Processes and a novel optimization method. In Chapter 4, bottom-up approaches are presented reconstructing 'Building' elements from Lidar data and from MVS meshes. Experiments on complex urban structures illustrate the robustness and scalability of our systems.
39

Energy-aware scheduling : complexity and algorithms

Renaud-Goud, Paul 05 July 2012 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis we have tackled a few scheduling problems under energy constraint, since the energy issue is becoming crucial, for both economical and environmental reasons. In the first chapter, we exhibit tight bounds on the energy metric of a classical algorithm that minimizes the makespan of independent tasks. In the second chapter, we schedule several independent but concurrent pipelined applications and address problems combining multiple criteria, which are period, latency and energy. We perform an exhaustive complexity study and describe the performance of new heuristics. In the third chapter, we study the replica placement problem in a tree network. We try to minimize the energy consumption in a dynamic frame. After a complexity study, we confirm the quality of our heuristics through a complete set of simulations. In the fourth chapter, we come back to streaming applications, but in the form of series-parallel graphs, and try to map them onto a chip multiprocessor. The design of a polynomial algorithm on a simple problem allows us to derive heuristics on the most general problem, whose NP-completeness has been proven. In the fifth chapter, we study energy bounds of different routing policies in chip multiprocessors, compared to the classical XY routing, and develop new routing heuristics. In the last chapter, we compare the performance of different algorithms of the literature that tackle the problem of mapping DAG applications to minimize the energy consumption.
40

Methods for image restoration and segmentation by sparsity promoting energy minimization / Методе за рестаурацију и сегментацију дигиталне слике засноване наминимизацији функције енергије која фаворизује ретке репрезентацијесигнала / Metode za restauraciju i segmentaciju digitalne slike zasnovane naminimizaciji funkcije energije koja favorizuje retke reprezentacijesignala

Bajić Papuga Buda 16 September 2019 (has links)
<p>Energy minimization approach is widely used in image processing applications.<br />Many image processing problems can be modelled in a form of a minimization<br />problem. This thesis deals with two crucial tasks of image analysis workflows:<br />image restoration and segmentation of images corrupted by blur and noise. Both<br />image restoration and segmentation are modelled as energy minimization<br />problems, where energy function is composed of two parts: data fidelity term and<br />regularization term. The main contribution of this thesis is development of new<br />data fidelity and regularization terms for both image restoration and<br />segmentation tasks.<br />Image restoration methods (non-blind and blind deconvolution and superresolution<br />reconstruction) developed within this thesis are suited for mixed<br />Poisson-Gaussian noise which is encountered in many realistic imaging<br />conditions. We use generalized Anscombe variance stabilization transformation<br />for removing signal-dependency of noise. We propose novel data fidelity term<br />which incorporates variance stabilization transformation process into account.<br />Turning our attention to the regularization term for image restoration, we<br />investigate how sparsity promoting regularization in the gradient domain<br />formulated as Total Variation, can be improved in the presence of blur and mixed<br />Poisson-Gaussian noise. We found that Huber potential function leads to<br />significant improvement of restoration performance.<br />In this thesis we propose new segmentation method, the so called coverage<br />segmentation, which estimates the relative coverage of each pixel in a sensed<br />image by each image component. Its data fidelity term takes into account<br />blurring and down-sampling processes and in that way it provides robust<br />segmentation in the presence of blur, allowing at the same time segmentation at<br />increased spatial resolution. In addition, new sparsity promoting regularization<br />terms are suggested: (i) Huberized Total Variation which provides smooth object<br />boundaries and noise removal, and (ii) non-edge image fuzziness, which<br />responds to an assumption that imaged objects are crisp and that fuzziness is<br />mainly due to the imaging and digitization process.<br />The applicability of here proposed restoration and coverage segmentation<br />methods is demonstrated for Transmission Electron Microscopy image<br />enhancement and segmentation of micro-computed tomography and<br />hyperspectral images.</p> / <p>Поступак минимизације функције енергије је често коришћен за<br />решавање проблема у обради дигиталне слике. Предмет истраживања<br />тезе су два круцијална задатка дигиталне обраде слике: рестаурација и<br />сегментација слика деградираних шумом и замагљењем. И рестaурација<br />и сегментација су моделовани као проблеми минимизације функције<br />енергије која представља збир две функције: функције фитовања<br />података и регуларизационе функције. Главни допринос тезе је развој<br />нових функција фитовања података и нових регуларизационих функција<br />за рестаурацију и сегментацију.<br />Методе за рестаурацију (оне код којих је функција замагљења позната и<br />код којих је функцију замагљења потребно оценити на основу датих<br />података као и методе за реконструкцију слике у супер-резолуцији)<br />развијене у оквиру ове тезе третирају мешавину Поасоновог и Гаусовог<br />шума који се појављује у многобројним реалистичним сценаријима. За<br />третирање такве врсте шума користили смо нелинеарну трансформацију<br />и предложили смо нову функцију фитовања података која узима у обзир<br />такву трансформацију. У вези са регуларизационим функцијама смо<br />тестирали хипотезу да се функција Тоталне Варијације која промовише<br />ретку слику у градијентном домену може побољшати уколико се користе<br />тзв. потенцијалне функције. Показали смо да се употребом Хуберове<br />потенцијалне функције може значајно побољшати квалитет рестауриране<br />слике која је деградирана замагљењем и мешавином Поасоновог и<br />Гаусовог шума.<br />У оквиру тезе смо предложили нову методу сегментације која допушта<br />делимичну покривеност пиксела објектом. Функција фитовања података<br />ове методе укључује и модел замагљења и смањења резолуције. На тај<br />начин је постигнута робустност сегментације у присуству замагљења и<br />добијена могућност сегментирања слике у супер-резолуцији. Додатно,<br />нове регуларизационе функције које промовишу ретке репрезентације<br />слике су предложене.<br />Предложене методе рестаурације и сегментације која допушта делимичну<br />покривеност пиксела објектом су примењене на слике добијене помоћу<br />електронског микроскопа, хиперспектралне слике и медицинске ЦТ слике.</p> / <p>Postupak minimizacije funkcije energije je često korišćen za<br />rešavanje problema u obradi digitalne slike. Predmet istraživanja<br />teze su dva krucijalna zadatka digitalne obrade slike: restauracija i<br />segmentacija slika degradiranih šumom i zamagljenjem. I restauracija<br />i segmentacija su modelovani kao problemi minimizacije funkcije<br />energije koja predstavlja zbir dve funkcije: funkcije fitovanja<br />podataka i regularizacione funkcije. Glavni doprinos teze je razvoj<br />novih funkcija fitovanja podataka i novih regularizacionih funkcija<br />za restauraciju i segmentaciju.<br />Metode za restauraciju (one kod kojih je funkcija zamagljenja poznata i<br />kod kojih je funkciju zamagljenja potrebno oceniti na osnovu datih<br />podataka kao i metode za rekonstrukciju slike u super-rezoluciji)<br />razvijene u okviru ove teze tretiraju mešavinu Poasonovog i Gausovog<br />šuma koji se pojavljuje u mnogobrojnim realističnim scenarijima. Za<br />tretiranje takve vrste šuma koristili smo nelinearnu transformaciju<br />i predložili smo novu funkciju fitovanja podataka koja uzima u obzir<br />takvu transformaciju. U vezi sa regularizacionim funkcijama smo<br />testirali hipotezu da se funkcija Totalne Varijacije koja promoviše<br />retku sliku u gradijentnom domenu može poboljšati ukoliko se koriste<br />tzv. potencijalne funkcije. Pokazali smo da se upotrebom Huberove<br />potencijalne funkcije može značajno poboljšati kvalitet restaurirane<br />slike koja je degradirana zamagljenjem i mešavinom Poasonovog i<br />Gausovog šuma.<br />U okviru teze smo predložili novu metodu segmentacije koja dopušta<br />delimičnu pokrivenost piksela objektom. Funkcija fitovanja podataka<br />ove metode uključuje i model zamagljenja i smanjenja rezolucije. Na taj<br />način je postignuta robustnost segmentacije u prisustvu zamagljenja i<br />dobijena mogućnost segmentiranja slike u super-rezoluciji. Dodatno,<br />nove regularizacione funkcije koje promovišu retke reprezentacije<br />slike su predložene.<br />Predložene metode restauracije i segmentacije koja dopušta delimičnu<br />pokrivenost piksela objektom su primenjene na slike dobijene pomoću<br />elektronskog mikroskopa, hiperspektralne slike i medicinske CT slike.</p>

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