The purpose of this study was to examine participants&rsquo / civic engagement behavior of a non-formal training on democracy and human rights through the case of Toplum G&ouml / n&uuml / ll&uuml / leri Vakfi (TOG) Democracy and Human Rights Project. In order to achieve this, a survey was conducted to the participants who attended the trainer&rsquo / s training of TOG&rsquo / s Democracy and Human Rights Project. The entire population who completed the trainer&rsquo / s training at that time consisted of 154 TOG volunteers, and all population were aimed to be reached for data collection. The study initiated with a needs analysis study to explore what elements were needed to be evaluated in the survey with regard to TOG&rsquo / s administrative group. Next, based on those findings, literature review on civic engagement and the indicators adapted by the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) a questionnaire containing both open-ended and close-ended items was developed to measure participants&rsquo / civic behaviors. The data were collected through an online survey tool, Survey Monkey, an accessable number of population (N=56) was reached and a return rate of 43.4 percent was enhanced. The results revealed that participants of trainer&rsquo / s training of TOG&rsquo / s Democracy and Human Rights Project could be regarded as active citizens who engage in civil society, participate in political actions, pay attention to current events and follow the news regularly. In addition, findings showed that there was a decrease in the frequencies in terms of participation in the civil society in time. Lastly, implications for further research on participants&rsquo / civic participation from non-formal education perspectives are highlighted.

Active and engaged citizens are the backbone of a strong democracy and a vibrant civil society. Yet recent trends of low electoral turnout in Europe and decreasing levels of civic engagement have called into question the legitimacy of governments and the stability of democracy in the long term, particularly in Europe. Against the background of such developments this research sets out to provide a comparative study of civic engagement and analyse the variations in civic engagement between countries. The study is mainly based on the analysis of the European Social Survey 2002, covering 35,000 individuals from 19 European countries and applies advanced statistical modelling techniques including Multiple Correspondence Analysis MCA) and Multi-level modelling. Although there is a good deal of research examining civic engagement using individual level data or aggregate level data, very few studies have combined both approaches. This study addresses this gap and applies multi-level modelling to examine the relative importance of an individual’s socio-demographic characteristics and his/her country in determining levels and types of civic engagement. Thus, it has the advantage of identifying whether civic engagement is significantly affected by country characteristics or the converse, whether a person’s characteristics (age, education, social class etc.) are all that is needed in order to account for the variations in civic engagement. The innovative application of MCA to explore indicators of civic engagement has led to the identification of three dimensions of civic engagement; political activities, political consumerism and associational involvement. Moreover, by projecting all activities on a two-dimensional map it become evident that citizens who tend to carry out ‘individual’ types of political consumerism such as ‘buycotting’, boycotting and signing petitions are also more likely to be involved in New Social Movement organisations. These significant results shed new light on activities usually regarded as ‘individualistic’ type of activities and suggest viewing them in the context of a wider array of collective actions. Furthermore, in addition to the standard contextual measures such as economic development, welfare regime, income inequality, and levels of democracy, this study introduced two innovative policy measures. To consider the impact of government policies on levels of civic engagement measures of governments’ support of the voluntary sector and civic education at school (comparing the education policies of 19 European countries from 1945-2002) were developed. The results confirmed the importance of both individual level characteristics as well as country level characteristics in explaining civic engagement in Europe. However, differences between countries were reduced to a greater degree when contextual factors were introduced. Particularly the welfare state, showed the greatest effect. This implies that socio-economic conditions and in particular social policy and the degree to which it reproduces egalitarian structures determine to a great extent citizen involvement. In other words the results of this study suggest that the national context matters and that governments can and do shape the nature and levels of civic engagement.

A presente pesquisa analisa o processo de emergência de grupos organizados de jovens LGBT e de seu engajamento. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com fundadores/as e coordenadores/as de grupos jovens LGBT, bem como observação de campo junto às atividades desenvolvidas pelas entidades, o que permitiu problematizar e descrever: o contexto de emergência desses grupos, seus modos de organização e funcionamento, suas bandeiras de luta e formas de ação, tal como o perfil e o processo de engajamento desses/as jovens. Assim foi possível traçar um panorama histórico envolvendo as seguintes organizações atuantes na cidade de São Paulo: Projeto de Apoio a Gays e Lésbicas Adolescentes (PAGLA), E-jovem, XTeens, Jovens e Adolescentes Homossexuais (JA) e Projeto Purpurina. Assim como traçar o cenário atual em Paris com foco nas seguintes entidades: MAG Jeunes LGBT, Pôle Jeunesse, CONTACT e Le Refuge. Essas organizações promovem encontros, online e offline (presenciais e virtuais) de apoio mútuo voltados a jovens, que varia de 13 a 29 anos e abordam sobretudo: autoaceitação, conflitos na família, com amigos, na escola, universidade e trabalho. Os grupos e os/as jovens apresentam ressalvas em relação à política institucional (governos, partidos, eleições, espaços de participação e controle social), para eles/as fazer política significa promover transformações sociais a partir de suas vidas cotidianas, que eventualmente podem passar por reivindicações pontuais em relação a legislações, políticas ou serviços públicos. / This research analyzes the process of emergence of organized groups of LGBT youth and their engagement. Semi-structured interviews were held with founders and coordinators of LGBT youth groups and field observation with the activities developed by the entities, which allowed discuss and describe: the emergence of such groups, their modes of organization and operation, their struggles themes and forms of action, such as their profile and engagement process. Thus it was possible to trace a historical overview involving the following organizations actives in São Paulo: Projeto de Apoio a Gays e Lésbicas Adolescentes (Pagla), E-Jovem, XTeens, Jovens e Adolescentes Homossexuais (JA) and Projeto Purpurina; As well as outline the current situation in Paris focusing on the following groups: MAG - Jeunes LGBT, Pôle Jeunesse, CONTACT e Le Refuge. These organizations hold meetings, online and off-line, of mutual support aimed at young people, which ranges from 13 to 29 years and cover mainly: self-acceptance, conflicts in the family, with friends, at school, university and work. Groups and young have reservations about the institutional policy (governments, parties, elections, opportunities for participation and social control), for them politics means promoting social change from their everyday lives, which can eventually move by specific claims regarding legislation, policies or public services.

A presente pesquisa analisa o processo de emergência de grupos organizados de jovens LGBT e de seu engajamento. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com fundadores/as e coordenadores/as de grupos jovens LGBT, bem como observação de campo junto às atividades desenvolvidas pelas entidades, o que permitiu problematizar e descrever: o contexto de emergência desses grupos, seus modos de organização e funcionamento, suas bandeiras de luta e formas de ação, tal como o perfil e o processo de engajamento desses/as jovens. Assim foi possível traçar um panorama histórico envolvendo as seguintes organizações atuantes na cidade de São Paulo: Projeto de Apoio a Gays e Lésbicas Adolescentes (PAGLA), E-jovem, XTeens, Jovens e Adolescentes Homossexuais (JA) e Projeto Purpurina. Assim como traçar o cenário atual em Paris com foco nas seguintes entidades: MAG Jeunes LGBT, Pôle Jeunesse, CONTACT e Le Refuge. Essas organizações promovem encontros, online e offline (presenciais e virtuais) de apoio mútuo voltados a jovens, que varia de 13 a 29 anos e abordam sobretudo: autoaceitação, conflitos na família, com amigos, na escola, universidade e trabalho. Os grupos e os/as jovens apresentam ressalvas em relação à política institucional (governos, partidos, eleições, espaços de participação e controle social), para eles/as fazer política significa promover transformações sociais a partir de suas vidas cotidianas, que eventualmente podem passar por reivindicações pontuais em relação a legislações, políticas ou serviços públicos. / This research analyzes the process of emergence of organized groups of LGBT youth and their engagement. Semi-structured interviews were held with founders and coordinators of LGBT youth groups and field observation with the activities developed by the entities, which allowed discuss and describe: the emergence of such groups, their modes of organization and operation, their struggles themes and forms of action, such as their profile and engagement process. Thus it was possible to trace a historical overview involving the following organizations actives in São Paulo: Projeto de Apoio a Gays e Lésbicas Adolescentes (Pagla), E-Jovem, XTeens, Jovens e Adolescentes Homossexuais (JA) and Projeto Purpurina; As well as outline the current situation in Paris focusing on the following groups: MAG - Jeunes LGBT, Pôle Jeunesse, CONTACT e Le Refuge. These organizations hold meetings, online and off-line, of mutual support aimed at young people, which ranges from 13 to 29 years and cover mainly: self-acceptance, conflicts in the family, with friends, at school, university and work. Groups and young have reservations about the institutional policy (governments, parties, elections, opportunities for participation and social control), for them politics means promoting social change from their everyday lives, which can eventually move by specific claims regarding legislation, policies or public services.

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Bibliografický záznam ANDREAS, Petr. Politika interpretace. Rétorické, diskursivní a textové hry v normalizační literární kritice. Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav české literatury a komparatistiky, 2014. Vedoucí disertační práce: prof. Petr A. Bílek, CSc. Anotace Tématem této disertace je politika interpretace v normalizační literární kritice a publicistice (1968-1989). Práce kategorizuje a analyzuje diskursivní, rétorické a textové strategie, které používali literární kritici a publicisté (a jednotlivé profesní a názorové skupiny) publikující v oficiálním publikačním prostoru. Metodologicky vychází z konceptu politiky interpretace podle P. C. Hogana, rozvinutého o teorii jednání a teorii řečových aktů. V první, teoreticko-metodologické části (kapitoly II-IV) je představen a rozvíjen pojem politiky interpretace a analyzovány metodologické problémy interpretace literárněkritických a publicistických textů z normalizační éry. V druhé, analytické a interpretační části (kapitoly V-VII) jsou rozlišeny tři roviny politiky interpretace podle umístění ve struktuře kritického aktu a identifikovány kategorie rétorických, diskursivních a textových strategií. V třetí, závěrečné části (kapitola VIII) je zobecněno a syntetizováno poznání o podobě a fungování kritického aktu v normalizační éře. Annotation...