Thesis (M.A.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. / Open access. Includes bibliographical references (p. 285).

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994. / Title from title page screen, viewed April 11, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Larry Kennedy (chair), Kenneth Jerich, Marilyn Moore, Irene Brosnahan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-96) and abstract. Also available in print.

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

Keywords. Simultaneous Interpreting; Compression; Strategy; Chinese (Cantonese)-English / Studying compression has both theoretical and practical implications for quality assessment in interpreting, interpreter training and interpreting practice. It could also provide us with concrete and palpable signs of the interpreting process. The findings of the study may also be applied to other language pairs, to the translation of subtitles, and to sign language interpreting. The research provides us with a new perspective to the objective assessment of some phenomena in SI, such as omissions, substitutions, deletions and simplifications. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of compression strategy in simultaneous interpreting (SI) with reference to the language combination of Chinese (Cantonese) and English. The study uses concepts in linguistics, such as the Economy Principle, pragmatics, such as the Cooperative Principle and translation theories, such as Chernov's (1987/2004) categories of compression, Levy's (1967) MiniMax Principle, Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), Skopos Theory, and "the Theory of Sense." The thesis addresses the following questions: (1) To what extent professional simultaneous interpreters resort to compression as a strategy in Chinese and English SI? (2) Is compression intrinsic to the process of SI and universal for all language combinations? If so, are Chernov's categories of compression applicable to Chinese and English SI? (3) What are the causes and factors of compression in SI? How factors such as contexts and situations, textual inferences and syntactic differences in the two language systems affect interpreters' use of compression as a strategy in SI? / The study concludes that interpreters use compression as a linguistic coping strategy to match with the speakers' delivery speed in the specific discourse environments and contexts of SI under temporal constraints. Compression is also a "labour-saving device" to cope with the cognitive load in the extreme conditions by simultaneous interpreters. It is also a stylistic device to achieve brevity and clarity for the target text, and an effective communicative device to realize the communicative act which benefits the addressees. Compression is found to be intrinsic to the process of SI which could be argued as a universal phenomenon and a universal strategy for all language combinations. / This research uses the quantitative and qualitative methods. It adopts a corpus-based approach, embracing discourse analysis, DTS, participant observation and simple statistics. This is achieved through compiling a parallel corpus of the performance of professional simultaneous interpreters in three meetings of Hong Kong Legislative Council (LegCo) in which the renderings are made from Cantonese into English, i.e. from A Language to B Language. It is found that compression occurs in 60% of the whole discourse in all the three meetings and compressions are used mainly as a linguistic coping strategy in specific situations and temporal constraints due to linguistic redundancy in human languages and specific characteristics of the spoken language. All of Chernov's categories of compression are found in Chinese (Cantonese) and English SI, such as syllabic compression, lexical compression, syntactic compression, semantic compression and situational compression. Pragmatic compression is also found in the data. The main factors of compression are linguistic redundancy of languages, specific characteristics of the spoken language, speech contexts and situations, different syntactic structures of Chinese and English, and interpreters' manipulation with delivery speed under stringent temporal constraints in the process of SI. Professional skills and experiences of individual interpreters and their delivery speed have also affected their use of compression in SI. / Wang, Yongqiu. / Adviser: Chan Sin-wai. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: 2019. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 303-320). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Translation. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-167). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ99300

Even though English and French are spoken by people who have shared very similar cultural influences, that of the western European area, and have borrowed words from each other repeatedly for a thousand years or so, their modes of expression reflect basic differences in their conception of reality so that translation from one language into the other becomes a very intricate process. It appeared to us that the most useful guideline and best starting point for assessing where French and English differ, where they resemble each other, and the inherent problems encountered in translating from one language into the other, was outlined in Vinay and DarbeInet’s Stylistique comparée du francais et de l'anglais—Méthode de traduction. Practical applications of this method are illustrated throughout this thesis by translation analyses from selected passages of certain works by Albert Camus which were translated both into British English and into American English. This study therefore uses that method as its basic framework and borrows from it its outline in three main sections. These are, in Vinay and Darbelnet's French terminology: "le lexique", "l'agencement", and "le message". Words do not have a meaning by themselves; their signification is assigned to them by the people who use them. There seldom is a one-to-one relationship between a given word and a particular meaning. The meaning of words is determined by the context of the sentence or utterance in which it is found. There are a variety of ways of interpreting and therefore of translating a given word, groups of words as well as idiomatic expressions and others which, having become part of the language over the centuries, will require the use of certain techniques for their rendering into the other language; this will be the subject of the first section: "le lexique". In most instances, furthermore, sentences cannot be translated without undergoing some change in their structure; this will be examined in the second section: "l’agencement". Finally, once the sentences are organized into paragraphs, there remains for the translator the most delicate task of all, that of ascertaining that all possible hidden meanings can be sensed in his version as they are in the original, that the tone of the latter has been respected in order to achieve total meaning—these questions will be dealt with in the third section: "le message". In their work Stylistique comparée du frangais et de l'anglais, Vinay and Darbelnet have concluded, after an extensive and methodical comparison of the various means by which French and English speaking people express themselves, that most of the differences between the two systems of expression can be classified into seven categories, for each of which they provide a technique of translation. The first three are extremely simple: "l'emprunt", "le calque" and "la traduction littérale"; the other four are progressively more complex: "la transposition", "la modulation", "l'equivalence" and "l'adaptation. While this method does not answer all the problems that may face the translator in translating from one language into another, it provides a useful beginning as illustrated through the analyses in this study. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Modern Languages and Cultures / Master / Master of Philosophy