Os livros digitais interativos sao presencas cada vez mais constantes no cotidiano das criancas. Diante desta tendencia, esta dissertacao tem como objetivo analisar a nova forma de apresentacao das historias infantis nos tablets, um suporte midiatico que completa em 2014 quatro anos de existencia. A pesquisa compreende o contexto historico das plataformas de leitura, as origens dos recursos interativos ainda em papel, as funcionalidades presentes nos livros digitais ampliados, tambem conhecidos como enhanced e-books, suas caracteristicas, seu processo de producao, as mudancas provocadas na narrativa e uma analise de tres casos para compreensao mais aprofundada do funcionamento do livro no tablet \"A Menina do Narizinho Arrebitado\", \"Quem Soltou o Pum?\" e \"Dans Mon Reve\". Esta dissertacao oferece um breve panorama dos livros digitais interativos para as criancas, que nao elimina o livro impresso, como se chegou a cogitar no inicio, mas oferece uma nova experiencia de leitura multimidia, sem deixar sua essencia de lado: a de continuar sendo um livro. / The interactive digital books are constantly increasing presence in childrens quotidian. In the face of this trend, this thesis aims to analyze the new way of presenting childrens stories in tablets, a media support that completes in 2014 four years old. The research comprises the historical context of reading platforms; the origins of the interactive features still on paper; the features present in extended digital books, also known as enhanced e-books; its characteristics; production process; the changes induced in the narrative; and an analysis of three cases for further understanding of the functioning of the book in the tablet \"A Menina do Narizinho Arrebitado\", \"Quem Soltou o Pum?\" e \"Dans Mon Reve\". This dissertation provides a brief overview of interactive digital books for children, which does not eliminate the printed book, as it was considered at first, but offers a new multimedia reading experience, without leaving aside their essence: to remain a book.

Compositional reservoir simulation studies were performed to investigate the effect of uncertain reservoir parameters, flood design variables, and economic factors on coupled CO₂ sequestration and EOR projects. Typical sandstone and carbonate reservoir properties were used to build generic reservoir models. A large number of simulations were needed to quantify the impact of all these factors and their corresponding uncertainties taking into account various combinations of the factors. The design of experiment method along with response surface methodology and Monte-Carlo simulations were utilized to maximize the information gained from each uncertainty analysis. The two objective functions were project profit in the form of $/bbl of oil produced and sequestered amount of CO₂ in the reservoir. The optimized values for all objective functions predicted by design of experiment and the response surface method were found to be close to the values obtained by the simulation study, but with only a small fraction of the computational time. After the statistical analysis of the simulation results, the most to least influential factors for maximizing both profit and amount of stored CO₂ are the produced gas oil ratio constraint, production and injection well types, and well spacing. For WAG injection scenarios, the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient and combinations of WAG ratio and slug size are important parameters. Also for a CO₂ flood, no significant reduction of profit occurred when only the storage of CO₂ was maximized. In terms of the economic parameters, it was demonstrated that the oil price dominates the CO₂ EOR and storage. This study showed that sandstone reservoirs have higher probability of need for CO₂i ncentives. In addition, higher CO₂ credit is needed for WAG injection scenarios than continuous CO₂ injection. As the second part of this study, scaling groups for miscible CO₂ flooding in a three-dimensional oil reservoir were derived using inspectional analysis with special emphasis on the equations related to phase behavior. Some of these scaling groups were used to develop a new MMP correlation. This correlation was compared with published correlations using a wide range of reservoir fluids and found to give more accurate predictions of the MMP. / text

Collagen fibrils are the main constituent of the extracellular matrix surrounding eukaryotic cells. Even though the assembly and structure of collagen fibrils is well characterized, very little is known about the physico-chemical properties of their surface which is one of the key determinants of their biological functions. One way to obtain surface sensitive structural and chemical data is to take advantage of the near field nature of surface and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Using Ag and Au nanoparticles bound to collagen type I fibrils, as well as tips coated with a Ag nanoparticles and a thin layer of Ag, we obtained Raman spectra characteristic of the first layer of collagen molecules at the surface of the fibrils. The most frequent Raman peaks were attributed to aromatic residues such as phenylalanine and tyrosine. We also observed in several instances Amide I bands with a full width at half maximum of 10-30 cm-1. The assignment of these Amide I bands positions suggests the presence of collagen-helices as well as alpha-helices and beta-sheets at the fibril’s surface. As a step towards in vivo characterization of collagen fibrils, fascicles removed from tendons were also examined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Current oil production technologies recover only about one‐third to one‐half of the oil originally present in an oil reservoir. Given current oil prices, even a modest increase in oil recovery efficiency is fiscally attractive. One novel approach to increase oil recovery efficiency is a process called microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), where microorganisms are either used as a clogging agent to redirect flow or to produce biosurfactant that reduces interfacial tension. This dissertation aims to understand the MEOR pore‐scale mechanisms relevant to oil recovery by taking a two‐fold approach where transparent 2‐dimensional micromodel experiments imaged with stereo microscopy and 3‐dimensional column experiments imaged with x‐ray computed microtomography (CMT) are utilized. Micromodel experiments allow for direct visualization of the biological phase (i.e. biofilm), however, only 2‐dimensional information is provided. Conversely, CMT experiments provide 3‐dimensional pore‐scale information, but lack the ability to image the biological phase. With this two‐fold approach, it is possible to distinguish multiple fluid interfaces, quantify fluid phase saturations, measure oil blob size distributions, and visualize the biological phase. Furthermore, a method to measure interfacial curvature from 3‐dimensional images is developed, providing researchers a new perspective from which to study multiphase flow experiments. Overall, the presented research utilizes pore‐scale imaging techniques to study the interfacial interactions occurring during MEOR in an effort to better explain the physics, and thus, increase the efficacy of MEOR. / Graduation date: 2012

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 26, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96).

Os livros digitais interativos sao presencas cada vez mais constantes no cotidiano das criancas. Diante desta tendencia, esta dissertacao tem como objetivo analisar a nova forma de apresentacao das historias infantis nos tablets, um suporte midiatico que completa em 2014 quatro anos de existencia. A pesquisa compreende o contexto historico das plataformas de leitura, as origens dos recursos interativos ainda em papel, as funcionalidades presentes nos livros digitais ampliados, tambem conhecidos como enhanced e-books, suas caracteristicas, seu processo de producao, as mudancas provocadas na narrativa e uma analise de tres casos para compreensao mais aprofundada do funcionamento do livro no tablet \"A Menina do Narizinho Arrebitado\", \"Quem Soltou o Pum?\" e \"Dans Mon Reve\". Esta dissertacao oferece um breve panorama dos livros digitais interativos para as criancas, que nao elimina o livro impresso, como se chegou a cogitar no inicio, mas oferece uma nova experiencia de leitura multimidia, sem deixar sua essencia de lado: a de continuar sendo um livro. / The interactive digital books are constantly increasing presence in childrens quotidian. In the face of this trend, this thesis aims to analyze the new way of presenting childrens stories in tablets, a media support that completes in 2014 four years old. The research comprises the historical context of reading platforms; the origins of the interactive features still on paper; the features present in extended digital books, also known as enhanced e-books; its characteristics; production process; the changes induced in the narrative; and an analysis of three cases for further understanding of the functioning of the book in the tablet \"A Menina do Narizinho Arrebitado\", \"Quem Soltou o Pum?\" e \"Dans Mon Reve\". This dissertation provides a brief overview of interactive digital books for children, which does not eliminate the printed book, as it was considered at first, but offers a new multimedia reading experience, without leaving aside their essence: to remain a book.

Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon modes can concentrate optical fields, and enhance luminescence processes from the metal surface at plasmonic hotspots. Such nanoplasmonic metal luminescence contributes to the spectral background in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements and is helpful in bioimaging, nano-thermometry, and chemical reaction monitoring applications. Despite increasing interest in nanoplasmonic metal luminescence, little attention has been paid to investigating its dependence on voltage modulation. Also, the hyphenated electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) technique typically ignores voltage-dependent spectral background information associated with nanoplasmonic metal luminescence due to limited mechanistic understanding and poor measurement reproducibility. In this thesis, we combine the experimental observations and theoretical study on dynamic Faradaic & non-Faradaic modulated nanoplasmonic metallic luminescence and molecular vibrational Raman from hotspots at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces using multiple novel nano-optoelectrodes. Our work represents a critical step toward the general application of nanoplasmonic metal luminescence signals in optical voltage biosensing, hybrid optical-electrical signal transduction, and interfacial electrochemical monitoring. / Master of Science / Understanding the non-Faradaic and Faradaic process pathway is crucial for unraveling reaction mechanisms, developing efficient catalysts, designing bionsensing methodology, energy conversion and cellular stimulator (1-7). Advances in spectroscopic techniques( 8, 9) and computational models (3, 10) have facilitated the investigation of the non-Faradic and Faradaic processes. Unlike bulk reactions, interfacial electrochemical reactions occur in nanometer-thin layers (3, 11), necessitating highly sensitive detection methods. A significant challenge is background interference from bulk electrolytes and electrodes, often obscuring weak signals from the interfacial region – traditional spectroelectrochemistry struggles to match the high temporal resolution requirement due to noise (12, 13). Surface plasmons have become a promising solution for enhancing the sensitivity of spectroelectrochemical techniques (14, 15). Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons at the metal-dielectric interface, which can focus and intensify optical fields at the nanoscale (16), boosting diverse nonlinear emission signals, including fluorescence, Raman scattering, and harmonic generation (17-23). By utilizing surface plasmons, spectroelectrochemistry techniques have shown promise in detecting interfacial activities with high sensitivity. In this thesis, we introduce a pioneering dual-channel in situ EC-SERS methodology, which harnesses the synergy between plasmon-enhanced vibrational Raman scattering (PE-VRS) and plasmon-enhanced electronic Raman scattering (PE-ERS) interfacial signals to monitor and analyze the Faradaic and non-Faradaic process at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces.

A firm knowledge about the interaction between the metal surface and adsorbed molecules is imperative for formulating procedures to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) with predetermined shape and size. The ligand‐metal interaction during NP formation can be mimicked on an electrode surface by electrosorbing ligand molecules on a charged metal surface. Electrochemical methods can provide an ideal platform to study the adsorption behaviour of molecules at the solid‐liquid interface. In addition to classical electrochemical techniques, the combination of spectroscopy with electrochemical methods amplifies mechanistic insights about the surface adsorption processes. The adsorption behaviour of pyridine and one of its derivatives, 4‐dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP) have been well studied due to their potential application in nanoparticle synthesis. However, prior to this work, there has been very limited and conflicting literature available about the adsorption of of pyridine derivatives analogous to DMAP. Among the pyridine derivatives that were studied, some reports indicate that, other than DMAP, only 4‐methoxy pyridine (MOP) can stabilize gold nanoparticles. However, very little is known about the possible differences in the adsorption energy and general behaviour of MOP compared to DMAP. Resolving this knowledge gap is imperative to resolving the conflicting information about pyridine‐based stabilizers for metal nanoparticle applications. The adsorption behaviour of MOP on different crystallographic Au surfaces as a function of pH and surface potential has been investigated in this project. These studied were carried out using classical electrochemical methods including chronocoulometry and differential capacity, as well as modern spectroscopic techniques like Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS). The thermodynamic parameters obtained from electrochemical data shows that adsorption features of MOP is similar to that of DMAP. However, there is a significant difference in the adsorption strength of MOP and DMAP at positive potentials. The SEIRAS data provides much more detailed information about the potential depended orientation of MOP on polycrystalline Au. Cumulative analysis of electrochemical and spectroscopic data provides strong evidence that MOP can stabilize Au(111) facets over wide pH ranges. Moreover, this work provides convincing evidence that the basic nature of substituted pyridine alters the metal to ligand adsorption strength.

Master of Science / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / William B. Kuhn / In microchip circuitry, the tiny size of inductors creates low Q values, limiting a bandpass filter’s ability to have narrow bandwidths at RF frequencies. To counter this problem and also compensate for losses, Q-enhancement can be implemented to facilitate narrower bandwidths and boost gain. With Q-enhancement, temperature sensitivity of the circuitry causes the filter parameters to drift over time, making it necessary to adjust the filter periodically in order to keep the filter centered at the desired frequency. With the proper additional on-chip circuits used with a microprocessor, a tuning algorithm makes it possible to automatically tune the filter in-situ. The algorithm is based on increasing Q-enhancement until the filter begins to oscillate, reading the frequency of oscillation, adjusting to the desired frequency, and then decreasing Q-enhancement until the filter no longer oscillates. A 500MHz single-pole differential filter was designed with an on-chip amplitude detector and frequency prescaler to facilitate tuning. The filter was made adjustable across frequency with banks of binary weighted switchable capacitors. Q-enhancement adjustment was achieved via banks of cross-coupled FETs, also binary weighted. The circuit was fabricated in 0.5μm silicon-on-sapphire technology. The finished filter chip was controlled with a PIC microprocessor which had been programmed in C with the tuning algorithm. With the tuning algorithm in place, the filter was successfully able to align itself to within ±1MHz of the desired 500MHz center frequency. Q-enhancement levels were also able to self-adjust to maintain a desired bandwidth. An improved design based around an off-chip coupled-resonator two-pole filter has also been designed. This filter includes adjustable coupling capacitance between the two poles, which also must be tuned. A new method of tuning is proposed for such applications. The properties of a two-pole filter cause it to oscillate at two frequencies with Q-enhancement. A modified amplitude detector is capable of reading the beat frequency which results from the two oscillations, a value which relates directly to and allows tuning of the bandwidth of the filter.

This work is a stepping stone towards developing higher order shell element for simulating composite manufacturing procedure. In this study, a continuum approach suitable for combined material and geometrically nonlinear analysis for an eight node solid shell element SS8 is explained. The formulation of SS8 comprises two ingredients to alleviate undesirable locking effects: 1) Assumed Natural Strain concept, which has proven to alleviate the curvature thickness and transverse shear locking problems. 2) Enhanced Assumed Strain, which adds enhanced degrees of freedom to improve the in-plane response of the element and the curvature thickness locking problem. This formulation has been extended to represent geometric and material non-linearity using Total Lagrangian approach. Finally, finite strain formulation has been verified by numerical examples. Results when compared to continuum shell element in ABAQUS show a reasonable agreement with a relative error of less than 2%.