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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito da privaÃÃo da glutamina sobre as cÃlulas secretoras do epitÃlio intestinal em um modelo in vitro de enteroide / Effect of deprivation of glutamine on secretory cells of the intestinal epithelium in an in vitro model of enteroide

Tie Bezerra Costa 24 March 2014 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / O epitÃlio intestinal à formado e mantido por uma populaÃÃo de cÃlulas-tronco capaz de gerar diferentes linhagens celulares, mantendo a pluripotÃncia e a capacidade de auto-renovaÃÃo. A glutamina à um aminoÃcido essencial condicional importante para a manutenÃÃo do epitÃlio do intestino. No entanto, poucos estudos tÃm explorado o papel da glutamina na regulaÃÃo fina do turnover celular da cripta intestinal. Com o propÃsito de avaliar o papel da glutamina n o turnover de cÃlulas da cripta, foi utilizado um modelo in vitro de enteroide, onde as cÃlulas-tronco sÃo capazes de gerar um epitÃlio contendo as principais linhagens de cÃlulas secretoras intestinais (cÃlula de Paneth, cÃlula caliciforme e cÃlula enteroendÃcrina), alÃm dos enterÃcitos absortivos, com a formaÃÃo de uma estrutura tipo vilosidade-cripta. Este modelo foi usado para testar o efeito de 24 horas de privaÃÃo de glutamina (meio padrÃo com glutamina a 2 mM vs meio livre de glutamina) no turnover epitelial atravÃs da contagem de cÃlulas marcadas por Edu/nÃmero total por secÃÃo e ainda na apoptose celular, atravÃs da contagem de cÃlulas marcadas para caspase 3-clivada/nÃmero total por secÃÃo. A fim de avaliar a funÃÃo secretora das criptas, as razÃes das cÃlulas de Paneth e caliciformes por cripta (cÃlula alvo/nÃmero total de cÃlulas secretoras por cripta) foram medidas. O nÃmero de cÃlulas de Paneth e caliciformes foi obtido com o auxÃlio da microscopia confocal e imunomarcaÃÃo para lisozima e mucina-2. AlÃm disso, os transcritos dos produtos das cÃlulas de Paneth e caliciformes (lisozima e mucina, respectivamente) foram analisados utilizando o mÃtodo de PCR quantitativo em tempo real. Com intuito de avaliar o potencial papel imunomodulador da glutamina, transcritos de elementos da imunidade inata, receptor de tipo Toll e sua proteÃna acessÃria MD-2, e citocinas, a saber: TNF-α, IL-1β e CXCL-1, foram medidos. A privaÃÃo de glutamina reduziu o nÃmero de cÃlulas Edu positivas, em comparaÃÃo com o enteroide sob meio padrÃo (p=0,006). NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa em relaÃÃo Ãs razÃes das cÃlulas de Paneth e cÃlulas caliciformes entre os grupos apÃs privaÃÃo de glutamina. A privaÃÃo da glutamina diminuiu significativamente os transcritos de lisozima, em comparaÃÃo com o enteroide sob meio padrÃo (p = 0,007), mas nÃo para mucina-2, transcriÃÃo relacionada com a funÃÃo das cÃlulas caliciformes. Uma transcriÃÃo reduzida para TNF- α e MD-2 (p=0,005 e p=0,016, respectivamente) foi observada apÃs a privaÃÃo de glutamina. Ao todo, nossos achados reforÃam o papel positivo da glutamina sobre o turnover do epitÃlio intestinal e, alÃm disso, sugerem um importante efeito regulador da glutamina sobre as cÃlulas de Paneth e resposta imune inata. O modelo enteroide fornece uma ferramenta importante para dissecar os mecanismos de proteÃÃo pela glutamina e guiar estudos futuros. / The intestinal epithelium is formed and sustained by a population of stem cells capable of generating different cell lines while maintaining pluripotent and self-renewal capacity. Glutamine is a conditional essential amino acid important for the maintenance of the intestinal epithelium. However, few studies to date have explored the role of glutamine in the fine regulation of the intestinal crypt cell turnover. In order to evaluate the role of glutamine in the crypt cell turnover, an in vitro enteroid model was used, where stem cells are capable of generating an epithelium containing the main intestinal secretory cell lines (Paneth, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells) and absorptive enterocytes as well, while forming a villus-crypt like structure. This model was used to test the effect of 24h of glutamine deprivation (standard media with 2mM glutamine vs glutamine-free media) on epithelial turnover by counting EdU- labeled cells/total number per section and cell apoptosis by counting cleavage-caspase 3- labeled cells/total number per section. In order to assess crypt secretory function, Paneth and goblet crypt cell ratios (target secretory cell/total cell number per crypt) were measured. The number of Paneth and goblet cells was measured with the aid of confocal microscopy and lysozyme and mucin-2 immunostainning. In addition, Paneth and globet cell product transcripts (lysozyme and mucin, respectively) were measured using quantitative Real-time PCR. In order to assess the potential immunomodulatory role of glutamine, innate immune element transcripts, Toll like receptor and their accessory protein MD-2, and cytokines, as follows: TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL-1, were measured. Glutamine deprivation reduced the number of EdU positive cell ratio as compared with the enteroid under the standard media (p=0.006). No significant differences regarding Paneth and goblet cell ratios were seen between groups following glutamine deprivation. Glutamine deprivation significantly decreased lysozyme transcripts as compared with the enteroid under the standard media (p=0.007), but not for mucin-2 transcripts, related to goblet cell function. Decreased TNF-α and MD-2 transcription (p=0.005 and p=0.016, respectively) were found following glutamine deprivation. Altogether, our findings reinforce the glutamine positive role on the intestinal epithelial turnover and furthermore suggest an important glutamine regulatory effect over Paneth cells and the innate immune system. The enteroid model provides an important tool the dissect the mechanisms of glutamine protection and shed light for future studies.
2

Ontogeny of the intestinal circadian clock and its role in the response to Clostridium difficile toxin B

Rosselot, Andrew E. January 2019 (has links)
No description available.

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