<p> As herbivorous insects choose where to lay their eggs, maximizing larval performance (optimal oviposition) may be at odds with adult foraging (optimal foraging). Aspen leaf miners (<i>Phyllocnistis populiella</i>; ALM) may choose between leaves with or without extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) as oviposition sites on quaking aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i> Michx.). Reduced ALM mining on leaves with EFNs may be linked to predators that defend leaves and feed at EFNs, and to increased concentrations of secondary leaf compounds. However, direct responses of adult ALM to EFN expression may also explain differences in ALM mining among leaves with and without EFNs. ALM might be less likely to oviposit on leaves with EFNs because these leaves provide poor conditions for larval development. With choice experiments and surveys of ALM oviposition, we examined oviposition site preference in relation to EFN expression. In choice experiments and field surveys adults preferred to oviposit on leaves without EFNs. Increased oviposition was also observed on shoots with high EFN frequencies, suggesting a combination of optimal foraging and optimal oviposition, and a role of EFNs at scales above the leaf level. Higher predation on leaves with EFNs likely exerts selective pressure for the observed ALM oviposition preference for non-EFN leaves.</p>

The genus Anoplonyx Marlatt belongs to the more generalized of the Nematinae and is clearly defined taxonomically (Ross, 1937). This genus is comprised of very few known species, four in North America and four in Europe; all are associated with Larix. The species are closely similar and difficult to distinguish, especially in the adult stage.

The genus Cinara Curtis comprises approximately 175 described species, all of which feed exclusively on coniferous trees and shrubs. The majority of these species occur in the North Temperate Zone, being found in North America, Europe, Asia, the British Isles, North Africa, Japan, Korea and Formosa. A few species occur in the South Temperate Zone of Soutih Africa and Australia. [...]

There are very few morphological and ecological studies On Acari. This neglect is partly due to the small aize and little known economic importance of the mites. Allothtrombium lerouxi Moss is a comparatively big red velvet mite, approximately 3mm. long, belonging to the family Trombidiidae of the order Acari. It is predatory in nature and feeds On all stages of a number of insects injurious to the apple crop as well as on dying or dead arthropods. In Quebec, the species is found in the orchard undercover throughout the growing season but is mainly seen in early spring and late fall when adults are present. [...]

The house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), is an insect which has received, up until recently, very little attention as a physiological subject. This is no doubt due to the fact that it has been of little economic importance in Europe or North America. However, its potential as a laboratory test animal has been pointed out by several authors (Stone, 1953; Ghouri and McFarlane, 1958; Ritchot, 1960 ). Several factors enhance its utility - it is easily reared; it is a large enough insect in all stages of its life history to require no special handling, techniques; it has a sufficiently short life history; and finally it is not commonly subject to diseases or parasites in the laboratory.

The first independant treatment of the acridoid family Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae, was that of Bolivar (1884). A revision was published later by Bolivar (1904-5) and this was summarised with s1ight modification shortly afterwards (Bolivar, 1909). No comprehensive review has been pub1ished subsequently, although a revision of the tribal arrangement was recently the subject of study by Akbar (1963) who gives a full review of the various changes that have occurred at the suprageneric level up to the present. [...]

The physical nature of pesticide deposits is an important factor in pesticidal activity. There is much literature on this aspect of insecticides. In general insecticides are more effective when in small particulate form but few investigations have been carried out on acaricides. Emulsions have been found to be more effective than suspensions when applied directly or indirectly as freshly deposited residues against mites (Ebeling and Pence, 1953). [...]

A pathogenic micro-organism does not always effect the host with the same intensity on all occasions. Not only the host but the entire biological complex influences the effectiveness of pathogens. There are many physical and biological factors which may contribute to this "differing response" and hence predispose a population to disease or resistance to disease. [...]

<p> Two field trials were conducted to determine the impact of water management on the efficacy of insecticide seed treatments against rice water weevil, <i> Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus</i> Kuschel, in rice at the Delta Research and Extension Center during 2011 and 2012. The performance of thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, and clothianidin was evaluated when the permanent flood was established at different timings (6 and 8 weeks after planting) and the effect of flush number (0, 1, or 2) on seed treatment performance was evaluated. Seed treatment efficacy was not impacted by delayed flooding, but 2 flushes reduced efficacy of some seed treatments. </p><p> Experiments were also conducted to determine the impact of reduced seeding rates found in hybrid rice production on the efficacy of insecticide seed treatments targeting rice water weevil. Efficacy was similar when comparing currently labeled rates of thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, and clothianidin with higher rates of these products.</p>

The problem of malaria in the South, and in other parts of the United States as well, has demanded a considerable amount of research. The greater part of this work has been concerned with the control of the disease by the eradication of the anopheline mosquitoes, and much of such work recently has dealt with the ecological aspects of the problem. Such factors as temperature, humidity, larval food, plant associates, hydrogen-ion concentration of the water of larval breeding places, and many others have been considered. The effects of these various factors on the life and habits of the mosquitoes usually differ for the various species and often differ for a single species in different parts of its range. Since the life of an animal is never entirely governed by a single factor, but by a complex combination of interrelated factors, each area studied offers to some extent a condition peculiar to the location. In the following pages an attempt will be made, after the plotting of fluctuations in the seasonal abundance of the one common Anopheles of the region, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, to evaluate the various ecological factors involved in producing these fluctuations. It will be shown that the influence of some of these factors is of very local nature; that is, certain factors may operate in quite different manners and may be of decidedly different importance in a locality where a bayou is the main source of emerging mosquitoes, on the one hand, and in a nearby locality where flooded rice fields are the main source. This survey covered the period of time from March 1932 to January 1934. The area studied included the southern part of the city of Houston and immediate vicinity outside the city limits, and also a rice farming district 15 miles to the west of the city.