Diploma thesis "Optimization of an entrance fee as a way to tourism activities regulation as well as an instrument for financing of agencies managing large protected areas in the Czech Republic" deals with the option of introducing an entrance fee into the Czech National Parks. As a result, the number of tourists visiting parks could be regulated and the agencies managing those parks could profit from the entrance fee payments. The entrance fee should become a tool for negative stimulation to the use of environmental goods and a tool for internalization of externalities. The thesis introduces an economic optimization model, which maximizes the tourism related social welfare and discusses the implementation options of the entrance fee to the Czech National Parks. It also demonstrates a simplified real data application.

This thesis extends the standard shirking model of efficiency wages to a continuum of effort levels. The generalisation completely overturns previous intuitions. In particular, the characteristic feature of the earlier theory that monitoring and pay are substitute instruments for motivating workers, no longer exists. This is remarkable, since such a negative correlation has been used as the primary empirical test for the existence of efficiency wages. With a continuum of effort levels, the efficiency wage model can also more conveniently be compared with conventional linear incentive wages. The most frequently recurring objection against the efficiency wage model is that unemployed workers should offer to pay entrance fees. This criticism is responded to in a model with finitely many periods. It is shown that the per period worker rents associated with efficiency wages strongly diminishes with the number of periods. It is further argued that both bonds and entrance fees are inferior means of extracting the remaining worker rents compared to investments in firm specific human capital. Finally, the above refinements of the efficiency wage theory are translated to fit in the arena of environmental economics and government policy. The corresponding results establish a rationale for a government to subsidise polluting firms and explain why a command and control policy is preferable to market-based incentive schemes. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1999

The diploma thesis deals with the implementation of entrance fee to national parks in Slovakia. In the first part, it describes the entrance fee as an economic tool of environmental policy, considers its features and application. Thereafter, the organization and financing of nature protection in Slovakia is explained. From the presented analysis of revenues and expenditures it is obvious that the national park administrative units are exposed to the lack of financial resources. As a solution of this situation, the thesis suggests increasing of revenues by the implementation of the entrance fees. Subsequently, each Slovak national park is characterised. The aim of the thesis is a proposal of the entrance fees system in Slovak national parks, which is divided into particular steps. The activities concerning the collection of the fees are preceded by rearranging the ownership relations and adjustment of legislation. The next steps of the proposal deal with the way of fees collection, the extent of the fees and with potential revenues for the national park administration that would be generated by the fees. The final steps of the proposal consider control together with modification of the entrance fees collecting system and its potential expanding.

Comment peut-on être policier ? C'est à cette question que tente de répondre cette thèse qui se propose d'analyser à la fois les processus de construction de l'attrait pour le métier de gardien de la paix et les modalités de la sélection des candidats. Elle s'intéresse d'abord aux droits d'entrée dont doivent s'acquitter les candidats. Bien que la nature et le « montant » de ces droits d'entrée fassent l'objet d'une définition officielle, le jugement des gatekeepersde l'institution est, en pratique, inapte à garantir la conformité des recrues auxexigences spécifiques du poste. En ce sens, les opérations de recrutement paraissent constituer un moment critique pour la stabilité de l'institution. Les processus qui conduisent à l'émergence et à la consolidation d'une vocation policière ont cependant pour effet de fabriquer des candidats biens disposés à l'égard de l'institution, prêts à se rendre compatibles. Ainsi, la police nationale constitue moins l'objet d'étude que le terrain d'investigation de cette thèse, qui propose une contribution à l'analyse des processus de reproduction des institutions engagées dans la mise en oeuvre de l'action publique. / How can one be a police constable ? This thesis tries to answer this question by analysing the building process of attraction to police jobs and the procedures for selecting the candidates. It deals first with the entrance fee candidates must pay. Although the nature and the amount of this fee is officially defined, the sentence pronounced by the gate-keepers of the institution is, in fact, unable to ensure the compatility of the recruits with the requirements of the position. Recruitment actions can be seen, therefore, as a critical moment for the stability of the institution. However, the rise and consolidation of the vocation for police jobs make candidates socially prepared to comply with the institution.The police is more the inquiry field than the object of this thesis, that propounds a contribution to the analysis of the reproduction of institutions involved in public policy.