This research was aimed at determining the role of entrepreneurial capital in the transition of entrepreneurial businesses from the start-up to the new firm status. New firms are important in any given economy because they create jobs, and the South African economy requires many of them because of the high endemic levels of unemployment. Even though the South African government has policies in place to support entrepreneurs, global entrepreneurship reports have indicated that the rate of formation of new firms has always been lower, sometimes by up to 50%, than the rate of formation of start-up firms, indicating the high mortality rate of start-up firms. We have taken the view that businesses fail because of the inability of the owners to address operational problems. The processes employed by entrepreneurs in South Africa in the early stages of the firm to solve these problems are not very well known. This project was exploratory and qualitative in nature and was aimed at documenting some of these processes. Entrepreneurial capital, a collection of the resources inherent in the business was used as the framework of analysis. We observe a strong effect of elements of the framework, especially work experience, in the solutions offered by the participants in this study. We provide suggestions to current and potential entrepreneurs on what problems to expect and how to solve them. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Purpose: This research aims to study the roles played by entrepreneurial human, social, cognitive capital and related process dynamics in venture emergence, exploring their main and combined effects on the model of the determinants of success in Nascent Entrepreneurship. This provides strong evidence for the connection from resources to process dynamics and ultimately to venture outcomes. Methodology Approach: An empirical model is developed to test a research's framework that focuses on formulating and testing coherent conceptual propositions utilising a longitudinal sample of secondary data from a mix gender sample of 816 nascent entrepreneurs in the United States who were tracked over four consecutive years. Findings: The empirical analysis showed significant support for the proposed conceptual model. The findings support the partial influence of the main attributes of nascent entrepreneurial capital (social, human and cognitive capitals) on the outcomes of new venture creation process, where the drivers of positive outcomes appear to coincide with variables that relate to cognitive capital. More importantly, the empirical analysis finds significant interaction effects between elements of nascent entrepreneurial capital and their interplay with the process dynamics confirming the conceptual proposition of an integrative framework encompassing significant associations that constitute the phenomenon of new venture creation. The integrative perspective has implications for Nascent Entrepreneurship theory and practice. First, the main effects of resource endowments should not be taken into account in isolation as predictors of new venture creation outcomes. Second, the role of process dynamics and cognitive capital is best theorised as a moderating variable between the startup capital's attributes and the venture creation outcomes. Therefore, the findings demonstrate a dominant role of the integrative modelling in driving the transition to the start-up phase. Limitations: There is no consensus on the measures of success for entrepreneurship research at the nascent phase of business venturing. There is substantial variation in the literature in terms of outcomes, definitions, conceptual works and design issues, and therefore further consideration to control for variations is deemed necessary to ensure valid, cumulative and definitive answers that must be built upon a solid and unified basis. ` Originality: Thesis is original in integrating cognitive abilities and process dynamics with social and human capital in a model of the determinants of success in Nascent Entrepreneurship. While we may consider alternative ways to look at interaction/moderation effects across the three different types of " start-up capital", integrating the three elements in a structured and dynamic model of Nascent Entrepreneurship is an original contribution.

本研究探討公司籌措資金的方式，並介紹目前熱門的群眾募資的起源、歷史發展，各地區市場概況，接者探討台灣市場、法規範、稅負、募資平台、金流方式、趨勢及2015年中新立法通過的股權模式群眾募資等。 本文以筆者實際執行過的群眾募資專案為個案，探討個案在台灣現況下所遇到的法規範、稅負及有無發生爭議，並提出改善群募爭議的方法。此外也透過個案中的資料，利用實證研究得出，若贊助者曾經向提案團隊購買過商品，則其贊助金額會高於一般贊助者，另外研究結果也得知，若是在週末贊助的贊助者，其贊助金額也高於週間的贊助者，上述兩項因素都和贊助金額成顯著的關係。此外也從實證中發現，本募資個案中女性贊助者高於男性贊助者，但性別和贊助金額是不顯著關係，女性平均的贊助金額並沒有高於男性，而居住區域也和贊助金額呈現不顯著關係，本個案中，超過七成的贊助金額來自北部地區，但北部贊助者每人平均贊助金額並沒有高於中部和南部贊助者。 / This study investigated the company funding modalities and the history of the crowdfunding, development trend and market. And probed the conditions of law, tax, fund-raising platform, cash flow mode, trends in Taiwan. In this paper, the author actually been executed crowdfunding project as a case, investigate cases of legal norms, tax and dispute in the current situation. The use of empirical study concluded that if the sponsors had proposed to purchase goods over the proposal team, then the amount will be higher than the general sponsors, additional findings also informed that if the sponsors donated in weekend, which is also higher than the amount of sponsor of the week, these two factors have a significant relationship with amount of sponsorship. Also from the empirical findings, the women sponsor were more than men sponsors in the case, but gender is not significant, women sponsors average amount weren’t higher than men sponsors. While residential areas are also no significant relationship with the amount of sponsorship. In the case more than seventy percent of the amount of sponsorship from the north, but northern sponsor average amount were not higher than the central and southern sponsors.