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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Entropias generalizadas: v?nculos termodin?micos da Terceira Lei

Bento, Eli?ngela Paulino 22 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-18T20:33:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EliangelaPaulinoBento_TESE.pdf: 2042041 bytes, checksum: 74823d35762c444109f5c6d2de459ac3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-23T23:34:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EliangelaPaulinoBento_TESE.pdf: 2042041 bytes, checksum: 74823d35762c444109f5c6d2de459ac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-23T23:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EliangelaPaulinoBento_TESE.pdf: 2042041 bytes, checksum: 74823d35762c444109f5c6d2de459ac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Com base na terceira lei da Termodin?mica, questionamos se as entropias generalizadas satisfazem ou n?o esta propriedade fundamental. Em linhas gerais, a terceira lei afirma que, para sistemas com estados fundamentais n?o degenerados em equil?brio, a entropia se aproxima de zero conforme a temperatura (em escala absoluta) tamb?m se aproxima de zero. No entanto, a entropia pode desaparecer apenas com a temperatura no zero absoluto. Neste contexto, propomos um procedimento anal?tico direto para testar se uma entropia generalizada satisfaz a terceira lei, assumindo apenas uma forma geral de entropia S e energia U de um sistema de N n?veis cl?ssico arbitr?rio. Matematicamente, o m?todo depende do c?lculo exato do par?metro _ = dS=dU em termos das probabilidades de microestados pi. Finalmente, determinamos a rela??o entre o limite m?nino da entropia S ! 0 (ou, mais geral, S ! Smin) e o limite m?nimo de temperatura _ ! 1. A n?vel de compara??o, aplicamos o m?todo para as entropias de Boltzmann-Gibbs (modelo padr?o), Kaniadakis e Tsallis (modelos generalizados). Para as duas ?ltimas, ilustramos o poder do m?todo calculando os intervalos dos par?metros entr?picos em que a entropia satisfaz a terceira lei. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, para a _-entropia, os valores usualmente atribu?dos ao par?metro _ satisfazem a terceira lei ( - 1 < _ < 1). Entretanto, para a q-entropia o mesmo n?o ocorre. Mostramos que, a q-entropia pode desaparecer a temperaturas diferentes de zero para certos valores de q. Como exemplo concreto, consideramos o modelo de Ising unidimensional com intera??es de primeiros vizinhos, o qual ? um dos mais importantes modelos em toda a f?sica. Classicamente, o modelo de Ising ? resolvido por meio do ensemble can?nico, por?m ele tamb?m pode ser resolvido por meio de ensembles generalizados. / Based on the third law of Thermodynamics we ask whether or not generalized entropies satisfy this fundamental property. The third law states that the entropy approaches zero as the temperature (in absolute scale) also approaches zero. However, the entropy can vanish only at absolute zero temperature. In this context, we propose a direct analytical procedure to test if the generalized entropy satisfies the third law, assuming only very general assumptions for the entropy S and energy U of an arbitrary N-level classical system. Mathematically, the method relies on exact calculation of the parameter _ = dS=dU in terms of the microstate probabilities pi. Finally, we determine the relation between the low entropy limit S ! 0 (or more generally Smin) and the low-temperature limit _ ! +1. For comparison, we apply the method to the entropy Boltzmann (standard model), and Kaniadakis Tsallis (generalized models). For the latter two, we illustrate the power of the method by unveiling the ranges of their parameters for which the third law is satisfied. For _-entropy, the values usually assumed in the literature to _ parameter obeys the third law ( - 1 < _ < 1). However, for the q-entropy the same is not true. We show that the q-entropy can vanish at nonzero temperature in certain ranges of q. These results and their consequences are discussed in this thesis. As a concrete example, we consider the paradigmatic one-dimensional Ising model, which is one of the most important models in all of physics. Classically, the Ising model is solved in the canonical ensemble, but it can also solved exactly in nonstandard ensembles using generalized entropies.

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