This thesis explores the design and modernisation of public houses in London and environs in the period between the licensing acts of 1872 and 1902. The late nineteenth century public house of historical account has emerged as a site spatially and materially designed and organised to meet the needs of customers anxious to preserve class-based social distinctions within the public sphere. The thesis argues that this dominant socio-spatial mapping of the interior has obscured other important and intersecting influences on the design and organisation of London's public houses in the period, notably the relationship with the home and the influence of gender on the development of the interior. Further, the productive -and socially constitutive nature of the interior has been left largely unconsidered. The study explores the spatial, material and aesthetic models upon which London's . late nineteenth century public houses developed. It employs a public/private framework as an historical analytic with the flexibility to investigate social, spatial and intellectual constructs, and as a way of examining the site in terms used by publicans, customers and legislators to define its spaces and negotiate its boundaries. The thesis aims to extend current understanding of the public/private relationship through an examination of material change in a single building type; to evidence the historical processes by which the boundaries between public and private spaces and activities were negotiated, contested and formalised; to explore the implications of these negotiations for class and gender identities; and to provide a material focus for more abstract discussions about space.

This thesis is an exploration into the modern meaning of the minimum dwelling. It discusses how this meaning gradually became disengaged from the minimum house. It proposes a new definition of the minimum dwelling based on the minimum social unit, that is, the individual. At the beginning of the 20th century, the term Existenzminimum dwelling proposed a new way of living. This modernist definition of the minimum dwelling was based on a reproducible expendable minimum house. This thesis argues that this definition is no longer valid; yet, any present definition of the minimum dwelling is still informed by it. The reconfiguration of the minimum house as an expendable object disempowered the house as a tool for the experience of the home. This dissociation of the house and the home is a condition that has gradually diminished the role of the house in everyday life and redefined the experience of the home. The meaning of the home is now invested in a multiplicity of locations, experiences and objects. This thesis defines the minimum home as a core of personally meaningful possessions, the spatial configurations they create and recreate and the information they carry. This thesis’s definition of the minimum dwelling is based on this minimum home. This argument is pursued through two modes of inquiry. On the one hand with a critical analysis of texts, buildings, architectural projects and works of art. On the other hand by the development of a series of projects. These two investigations are parallel and overlapping. In this document, they are organised in a linear way. This structure assists the progress of the argument and reveals the gradual development of this thesis from an interest to develop a truly individual minimum house to the realisation that the minimum dwelling is a personal project.

No description available.

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2004.

No description available.

This thesis investigates whether lead mining can be detected using palaeoenvironmental data recovered from freshwater loch and marsh sediment. Using radiometric time-frames and geochernical analyses the environmental impact of 18th and 19th century mining on Islay, Inner Hebrides, Scotland, has been investigated. The model of known mining events thus produced has been used to assess previously unrecorded (early) lead mining activity. Previous mining in the area is suggested by 18th century accounts that record the presence of 1,000 "early" workings scattered over the north-east limestone region. While there is little to support the often repeated assertion that lead mining dates back to the Norse Period (circa lOll th centuries) it is clear that it may well have been an established industry prior to the time of the first historical records in the 16th century. In order to use a palaeoenvironmental approach to the question of mining history and its impact, the strategy has been to use integrated loch and catclunent units of study. The areas considered are; Loch Finlaggan, Loch Lossit, Loch Bharradail and a control site at Loch Leathann. Soil and sediment geochemical mapping has been used to assess the distribution of lead, zinc and copper within the catchments. Environmental pathways have been identified and influx of lead, zinc and copper to the loch sediment has been detennined through the analyses of cores from each loch basin. Archaeological fieldsurvey and the re-examination of the results from mineral prospecting data across the study region provides new evidence on the geographical extent and contaminatory effects of leadmining in this area. This study shows how the effect of lead mining can be identified in the palaeoenvironrnental record from circa 1367 AD onwards, so mining in Islay does indeed predate the earliest known archaeological and historical records.

Orientador: Silvia Fernanda de Mendonça Figueirôa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:01:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraro_MarioRoberto_D.pdf: 3621680 bytes, checksum: 6db14f12229aa9c343fa741a3cda1c32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O tema desta tese é a região campestre formada artificialmente no Vale do Paraíba devido impacto ambiental causado pela cafeicultura sobre as florestas e sobre os solos, analisada a partir da produção científica da Comissão Geográfica e Geológica de São Paulo e da Revista Agrícola. O contexto é o da modernização da agricultura no período após a abolição da escravatura. Os campos artificiais eram uma decorrência do tipo de agricultura, chamado de rotina, que se praticava desde o descobrimento, inclusive pela grande lavoura de exportação. Era uma realidade que os fazendeiros articulados em torno da Sociedade Paulista de Agricultura desejavam mudar. No período havia duas instituições científicas, o Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (1887) e a Comissão Geográfica e Geológica (1886) atuando pela modernização da agricultura, entendida como sendo a implantação de princípios científicos no campo (mecanização, adubação, aclimatação de espécies exóticas, etc.). O meio de divulgação do projeto de modernização no campo era a Revista Agrícola, periódico mensal e a principal fonte desta pesquisa. Desde o período colonial o senso comum qualificava as terras de campo como estéreis. Orville Derby, chefe da CGG, demonstrou ser isso um preconceito, pois elas eram improdutivas para o café, mas poderiam ser ocupadas por outras culturas ou pecuária, desde que houvesse mudança de cultura e de métodos. Derby era pessimista quanto ao futuro da Mata Atlântica, achava que em breve não haveria mais terras férteis para a expansão da lavoura cafeeira, então, neste cenário, designou as áreas campestres como "reservas para o futuro". Na perspectiva, de ocupação econômica dessas áreas, CGG começou o estudo delas, o que incluía relevo, hidrografia, vegetação, etc. A hipótese é que os conhecimentos produzidos pela CGG sobre elas extrapolaram os limites da instituição e da prática agrícola e influenciaram a produção cultural da época, sobretudo a literatura. Euclides da Cunha e Monteiro Lobato criaram representações sobre a decadência da lavoura cafeeira e de seu impacto ambiental, a formação dos chamados desertos, valendo-se da produção científica da CGG, pois eram naturalistas, e portanto, cientificistas. O trabalho desenvolvido foi identificar a presença da CGG em seus textos literários as áreas campestres. Fez-se um cotejamento entre a produção científica da CGG e as representações literárias desses autores. Esta pesquisa metodologicamente se utiliza da história da ciência produzida no Brasil a partir dos anos 80 do século XX, que procura resgatar a produção científica do século XIX e articulá-la ao seu contexto histórico; de referenciais da história ambiental, pois trata-se do estudo de uma área degrada e do "paradigma indiciário", de Carlo Ginzburg, devido à escassez de documentos históricos relativos às áreas campestres e pelo fato de se fazer uma abordagem da produção literária como fonte histórica / Abstract: The theme of this thesis is the savanna formed artificially by the environmental impact on forests and on the soil on the Paraiba valley, analyzed from the scientific production of the Geographical and Geological Commission of São Paulo (CGG). The context is the modernization of agriculture in the state of Sao Paulo in the period after the abolition of slavery. The artificial savanna was a result of the type of agriculture practiced since colonial Brazil.. At the time there was the collaboration of two scientific institutions, the Campinas Agronomic Institute (1887) and the Geographic and Geological Commission of São Paulo (1886) working for the modernization of agriculture, understood as the deployment of scientific principles in agricultural production (mechanization, fertilizer , acclimatization of exotic species, etc). The way to promote modernization project in the field was by the "Revista Agrícola", monthly journal and source of this research. Since the colonial period saw the common sense such as the infertile areas covered by savannas. Orville Derby, head of CGG, has shown this to be a bias because they were unproductive for coffee plants, but that could be occupied by other crops or in livestock, since there was change to other types of plants and that used other methods. Derby found that soon there would be more fertile land for the expansion of coffee plantations, then designated the areas with savannas as "reserves for the future." In the perspective of economic occupation of these areas, the CGG began their study, which included topography, vegetation, climate, etc.. The hypothesis of this thesis is that scientific work produced by CGG about these areas exceeded the limits of the institution and of the agricultural practices and influenced the cultural production of the season, especially the literature. Euclides da Cunha and Monteiro Lobato produced literary representations on about the decadence of plantations coffee and the environmental impact that caused the formation of so-called deserts, drawing on the scientific production of CGG, they were naturalists and thus scientificist. The work was to identify the presence of CGG in their literary texts about the Valley of Paraíba. He was then an examination between the scientific production of CGG and the literary representations of these authors about the degraded areas. This research, methodologically, it uses the history of science produced in Brazil from the 80s of the twentieth century, which tries to rescue the scientific nineteenth century and be binding produced in Brazil from the 80s of the twentieth century, which tries to rescue the scientific production of the nineteenth century and link it to its historical context, the referential of environmental history, it will bring is the study of a degraded area of "Evidential paradigm" by Carlo Ginzburg, due to lack of historical documents relating to artificial savannas of São Paulo and the fact of making an approach to literary production as a historical source / Doutorado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Pedro Wagner Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:40:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodriguesNeto_Anfrisio_M.pdf: 16512583 bytes, checksum: ab9ce169a14538fb39309ffc2574d6d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A pesquisa procura mostrar as relações dos moradores da região do Morro de Araçoiaba e a construção da Real Fábrica de Ferro de São João de Ipanema no início do século XIX. O uso dos recursos naturais pela fábrica, como o minério de ferro (magnetita), as árvores para a feitura do carvão, combustível dos fornos e da água para mover as rodas, motivou uma série de atritos entre os moradores do Morro e a direção da Fábrica. A reserva da mata do morro 10 anos antes da construção da Fábrica e a retirada dos moradores para terras menos férteis iniciaram os embates. Os moradores eram em sua maioria pequenos proprietários e sitiantes que dependia dos recursos naturais, principalmente madeireiros e da terra para plantio de mantimentos. Por outro lado a Fábrica precisava destes sitiantes para fornecer comida à Fábrica, fazer o carvão para os fornos e braços para diversos serviços. A queima dos arvoredos mudou ecossistemas de várias espécies de pássaros e mamíferos. Afetou também a rica diversidade botânica repleta de árvores nobres. A pesquisa insere-se no campo metodológico da História Ambiental e para norteá-la valeu-se de levantamento realizado com pessoas que trabalham com educação na cidade de Sorocaba. O interesse dessas pessoas pela questão ambiental orientou a feitura do texto. Como resultados podemos destacar a forte intervenção do poder imperial português na região do Morro de Araçoiaba no início do século XIX e a resistência dos moradores. Apesar dos ordenamentos proibindo cortes e derrubadas, estas continuaram. Também mostra o impacto das instalações siderúrgicas na diversidade botânica e da fauna local que levou à extinção de várias espécies / Abstract: The research seeks to demonstrate the relations of the residents of Araçoiaba hill and the construction of the Royal St. John of Ipanema Iron Foundry, in the early XIX century. The use of natural resources by the plant, such as iron ore (magnetite), the trees for coal production, fuel for furnaces and water to move the wheels, resulted in a range of conflicts between the residents and the factory management. The reserve of the forest 10 years before the factory construction and the removal of the residents to a less fertile land started the conflicts. The residents were mostly small farmers, who depended on the natural resources, especially timber, and the land for planting provisions. On the other hand, the factory needed the small farmers to provide food to the factory, make the coal for the furnaces and as workforce for various services. The burning of trees changed the ecosystems of several species of birds and mammals. It also affected the rich botanical diversity, full of noble trees. This research is part of the methodological field of Environmental History. A survey was made with people who work in education in the city of Sorocaba. The interest of this people for environmental issues guided the formulation of the text. As a result, we can highlight the strong intervention of the Portuguese imperial power in the region of Araçoiaba hill, in the early XIX century and the resistance of the residents. Despite orders forbidding tree felling, they continued. The research also shows the impact of steel plants in the botanical diversity and in the local fauna, which resulted in the extinction of several species / Mestrado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Mestre em Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra