Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_af_me_bauru.pdf: 1064403 bytes, checksum: 25aa9b8766b8a6c6d810453bdb6f70c4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O campo teórico-empírico sobre gestão ambiental em empresas industriais encontra-se em pleno desenvolvimento, estudos sobre a contribuição dos fatores de recursos humanos à Gestão Ambiental (GA) no setor de serviços, e principalmente no setor hoteleiro são mais escassas, e, quando existentes, predominantes em periódicos internacionais que muitas vezes retratam a prática de organizações com características distintas das brasileiras. Constatou-se que falta na literatura, uma visão pragmática da integração da GA à gestão de recursos humanos, isto é, uma preocupação com a aplicação prática dos achados desta integração à situações organizacionais concretas. Portanto, essa dissertação apresenta uma abordagem para análise do suporte dos fatores de recursos humanos à GA. Esse estudo foi complementado pela condução de uma descrição de caso em um hotel certificado pela Norma ISO 14001. A questão central a que este trabalho remeteu foi saber: como a função de recursos humanos influência a gestão ambiental em hotéis? A revisão bibliográfica foi utilizada para a confecção das questões norteadoras do roteiro de entrevista aplicado a fase empírica. Os resultados apontaram uma fraca interação das dimensões de recursos humanos tradicionais (como a descrição de cargos, sistema de recompensas, recrutamento e seleção) com a GA, que pode ser explicada pela ausência de pressupostos e objetivos próprios da sustentabilidade ambiental no planejamento estratégico de gestão de pessoas do hotel pesquisado. Entretanto, as dimensões estratégicas de gestão de recursos humanos (coo a cultura organizacional e a prendizagem organizacional) têm interação forte com GA, ficando constatado que sua importância para o auxilio na gestão ambiental pró-ativa. O trabalho indica ainda possibilidades para futuras pesquisas. / The theoretical and empirical on environmental management in industrial companies is in full development, studies on the contribution of human factors to Environmental Management (GA) in the service sector, especially in the hospitality industry are scarce, and if any, prevailing in international journals that often portray the practice of organizations with distinct characteristics of Brazil. It was found lacking in the literatue, a pragmatic view of integration of the GA to the management of human resources, that is, a concern with the practical application of the findings of this integration to specific organizational situations. Therefore, this dissertation presents an approach to support analysis of the factors of human resources to GA. This study was supplemented by conducting a case description in a hotel certified by ISO 14001. The central question that this work was sent to know: howthe human resources function to influence environmental management in hotel? The literature review was used to construct the guiding questions of the interview used in the empirical phase. The results showed a weak interaction of the dimensios of traditional human resources (such as job descriptions, reward systems, recruitment and selection) with the GA, which can be explained by the absence of assumptions and goals of environmental sustainability in their own strategic planning management people searched the hotel. However, the strategic dimensions of human resource management (such as organizational culture and organizational learning) have stronger interaction with GA, found that getting its importance for the help in proactive environmental management. The work also indicates possibilites for future research. The suggestion is to search for that as human resource management contributes to an environmentally friendly corporate culture

This thesis examines the implementation and practice of environmental initiatives within universities. Environmental management is explored through the lens of individual sensemaking to further the understanding of managing change processes and to reveal the implications for university leadership. This qualitative research is based around an interpretive study of four case study universities in South Wales, UK. The thesis introduces the concept of environmental management and highlights the drivers for implementing environmental management initiatives within higher education. This thesis provides a unique contribution to the existing debate on individual sensemaking through exploring the experiences of university members pertaining to the implementation of environmental management initiatives within the four universities. Data analysis reveals internal barriers and the dysfunctional attitudes of organisational cynicism and ambivalence to change. As such, these concepts act as subtle resistors to implementing environmental management initiatives. The internal barriers manifest as a lack of environmental leadership and a failure to provide an environmental vision and strategy to university members. Associated organisational cynicism is seen to arise from the frustration and disillusionment of individuals towards the efforts of university leadership to implement environmental management. This thesis reveals that ambivalence is a common experience which results in a simultaneous supportive and negative response towards environmental management. Ambivalent behaviour is exposed by individual members and, importantly, by university leadership. The thesis concludes that the ambivalence of university leadership is described as a 'latent' resistance to environmental management; a hidden internal obstacle which needs to be overcome in order to implement environmental management initiatives. In terms of university management, this research suggests the need for university leaders to acknowledge and understand the negative effects of organisational cynicism and ambivalence on managing change processes and on the university as a whole.

abstract: Wildfire is an inescapable feature of Canadian landscapes, burning an average of over two million hectares annually and causing significant repercussions for communities, infrastructure, and resources. Because fire is managed provincially, each jurisdiction has developed a distinctive approach to preparing for, responding to, and recovering from fire on its landscapes. Using a comparative study between seven provinces and four national agencies, this dissertation examines differences in institutional design and policy with respect to the knowledge management systems required to respond to wildfire: How do policies and procedures vary between jurisdictions, how do they affect the practices of each fire management agency, and how can they be improved through a critical analysis of the knowledge management systems in use? And, what is the role of and limits on expertise within these fire management institutions that manage high-risk, highly uncertain socio- environmental challenges? I begin by introducing the 2016 Fort McMurray/Horse River fire as a lens for exploring these questions. I then use the past one hundred years of fire history in Canada to illustrate the continual presence of fire, its human and social dimensions, and the evolution of differing fire management regimes. Drawing on extended ethnographic observation and interviewing of fire managers across Canada, I examine the varied provincial systems of response through following an active fire day in Alberta. I analyze the decision support and geospatial information systems used to guide fire agency decision-making, as well as the factors that limit their effectiveness in both response and hazard reduction modes. I begin Part Two with a discussion of mutual aid arrangements between the provinces, and critically examine the core strategy – interagency fungibility – used to allow this exchange. I analyze forecasting and predictive models used in firefighting, with an emphasis on comparing advantages and disadvantages of attempts at predicting future firefighter capacity requirements. I review organizational learning approaches, considering both fire research strategies and after action reviews. Finally, I consider the implication of changes in climates, politics, and public behaviours and their impacts on fire management. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology 2018

Orientador: Leandro Eugenio da Silva Cerri / Banca: Kátia Canil / Banca: José Eduardo Zaine / Possui 2 mapas anexos (apêndice) / Resumo: As rodovias são empreendimentos de grande extensão longitudinal que atravessam diversos tipos de terrenos, que possuem condições geológicas, geomorfológicas, pedológicas e vegetacionais diferenciadas. Na gestão ambiental de rodovias foi notada a importância da utilização de Cartas Geotécnicas de Suscetibilidade, por serem documentos que inter-relacionam diversas informações do meio físico. Desta forma, esta pesquisa objetivou a elaboração deste tipo de carta e a indicação de diretrizes para a conservação da Rodovia Marechal Rondon - SP-300. Para sua elaboração foram utilizados o Mapa de Declividade, as Unidades Fisiográficas Homogêneas delimitadas, os processos da dinâmica superficial mapeados e o uso do solo. Sua elaboração evidenciou sua importância para a gestão ambiental de rodovias, tendo em vista a prevenção, o monitoramento e a correção dos processos adversos que podem ocorrer neste tipo de empreendimento. / Abstract:The highways are enterprises of great longitudinal extension that cross several types of lands, that possess different geologic, geomorphologic, pedologic and vegetation conditions. In the environmental management of highways the importance of the use of Engineering Geological Maps of Susceptibility was noticed, for being documents that inter-relates several information of the environment. This way, this research objectified the elaboration of this type of map and the indication of lines of direction for the conservation of the Highway Marechal Rondon - SP-300. For its elaboration the Map of Declivity, the delimited Homogeneous Physiographic Units, the processes of the superficial dynamics mapped and the use of the ground was used. Its elaboration evidenced its importance for the environmental management of highways, in view of the prevention, the monitoring and the correction of the adverse processes that can occur in this type of enterprise. / Mestre

abstract: The Santa Cruz River, in southern Arizona, receives steady inputs of nutrient-enriched treated wastewater (effluent). Previous studies have documented reduced infiltration of surface water in the river. This disruption of hydrologic connectivity, or clogging, can have consequences for groundwater recharge, flows of wastewater in unwanted locations, and potentially even survivorship of floodplain riparian vegetation. Clogging can result from biotic processes (microbial or algal growth), abiotic processes (siltation of interstitial spaces), or both. Little is known about clogging in rivers and the environmental factors that regulate their dynamics, so natural field experiments along the Santa Cruz and San Pedro Rivers were used to answer: 1) Are there spatial patterns of hydraulic conductivity in the riverbed downstream from the effluent point-source? 2) Is there temporal variability in hydraulic conductivity and microbial abundance associated with flooding? 3) Are there environmental variables, such as nutrients or stream flow, related to differences in hydraulic conductivity and microbial abundance? To address these questions, a series of sites at increasing distance from two municipal effluent discharge points with differing water quality were selected on the Santa Cruz River and compared with non-effluent control reaches of the San Pedro River. Physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored over one year to capture seasonal changes and flood cycles. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biology 2012

A questão ambiental se insere na mudança profunda em andamento na sociedade. Nessa trajetória, a lógica de maximização do lucro empresarial está sendo questionada quanto à obtenção de outros objetivos e da sua razão social, como a proteção do meio ambiente. Esta dissertação estuda a influência da gestão ambiental no sucesso e competitividade empresarial, investigando o grau de correlação e os fatores que a modificam. Para tanto, foram analisados os autores que estudaram estas correlações na literatura, utilizando-se ainda estudos, relatórios e dados existentes sobre o tema. Foram identificados os indicadores de sucesso empresarial e as estratégias competitivas consagradas na literatura, assim como as variáveis e ferramentas ambientais relevantes ao sucesso empresarial. Foi concluído que, de modo geral, o investimento em meio ambiente contribui para aumentar o sucesso empresarial e a vantagem competitiva, com resultados tangíveis (p.ex. eficiência operacional) e intangíveis (p.ex. valor de marca e reputação). No entanto, a força da influência depende de uma série de fatores, dentre os quais se destaca o tipo de processos-produtos-setores envolvidos e seus impactos ambientais, além do grau de preocupação e conscientização ambiental das partes interessadas. Verificou-se que a gestão ambiental afeta mais positivamente o sucesso empresarial na proporção do grau de integração entre seus objetivos e ferramentas, sendo que uma visão de sustentabilidade contribui neste sentido. Com relação às ferramentas da gestão ambiental, evidenciou-se que a produção mais limpa apresenta grandes oportunidades de redução de custos, devendo, porém, ser previamente avaliadas quanto à sua relação custo-benefício. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que a implementação e certificação dos sistemas de gestão ambiental, de acordo com a Norma ISO 14001, apresentam vários benefícios competitivos, dentre os quais se destacam as reduções de custos pela redução da poluição e consumo de materiais; o atendimento de critérios de clientes e investidores; melhoria da gestão global e auxilio a melhoria da imagem (condicionada à existência de outros fatores). Ao final, foi sugerida uma ferramenta para avaliação ambiental estratégica que permite a integração com os indicadores de sucesso e estratégias empresariais. Esta ferramenta foi testada em uma aplicação setorial para os fabricantes de veículos automotores. / Environmental subject is inside the deep change going on society. In this way, maximizing company profit logic is being questioned about looking for others company's objectives, including environmental protection. This work studies the environmental management influence over firm success and competitiveness, looking for its degree and the drivers that change it. It analyzed the authors that studied these relations, using existing studies, reports and data on this subject. It identified known literature of company's success indicators and competitive strategies, as such as relevant environmental drivers and tools for firm success. It concludes that, in general, investments on environmental protection have positive impact on company success and competitiveness, with tangible (e.g. operational efficiency) and intangible (e.g. brand and reputation value) results. However, influence degree depends on factors such as process-products-sectors types and its environmental impacts; and stakeholders' environmental concerns and awareness. Environmental management affects business success more positively as its objectives and tools integration degree raise, within a sustainability vision and framework. Among used environmental tools, clean production presents big cost reductions opportunities, but projects might be previously analyzed form the cost-benefit perspective. It concludes that environmental management systems implementation and certification according ISO 14001 standard brings competitive benefits such as cost reduction by pollution and resources consumption reduction; meeting clients and investors requirements; internal management improvement; and helping image improvement (conditioned to the existence of other drivers). At the end, it was suggested a strategic environmental evaluation tool, that allows for the integration with business success and strategies. This tool was tested at automakers industry.

M.Sc. / Internationally, the use of Environmental Management Cooperation Agreements (EMCAs) as a policy tool to improve environmental performance has been encouraged since the 1960’s. Through the law reform process that has been underway in South Africa for the past ten years, the National Environmental Management Act (Act No.107 of 1998) has made provision for the signing of EMCAs between the South African Government and industry. Although widely utilised internationally, this approach has been criticized by NGOs internationally as communities have little interaction with the process at stages when the agreements could still be influenced. In South Africa, NGOs are also critical of the approach as they feel that this approach could distract policy makers from preparing a sound environmental management framework that can be enforced and is legally binding on polluters in the country. This study reviews the international experience of this policy approach and argues that certain specific criteria need to be in place in order to negotiate effective agreements. These criteria include: sound environmental policy and management framework; set emission reduction targets; the ability to successfully monitor progress against a predetermined baseline; compliance of industry to existing legal requirements; strong sanction for noncompliance to the agreement; and a sound and achievable agreement. Having identified the requirements for the implementation of successful EMCAs, the policy and legal setting in South Africa is explored, as well as the current environmental performance of industry in the country to determine if the criteria for the introduction of EMCAs exist. The study makes the following findings: the legal framework for environmental management is presently being strengthened; progress on developing norms and standards is being made, however, presently norms and standards are lacking; reduction targets are lacking or represent only long-term targets; based on historical enforcement discretion, there is generally poor environmental performance in South African industry; the monitoring and reporting structures are presently absent which hinders monitoring of success of interventions; and there is generally a lack of community trust in industry. The proposed Chemical and Allied Industry Association (CAIA) EMCA which was to be the blue print for EMCAs in the country is also reviewed to determine if this proposed agreement would provide the basis for sound negotiation and tangible environmentalimprovements. The review indicates that there are several shortcomings in the proposed agreement that would need to be improved should the objectives of improved environmental performance be achieved. In general, the findings of the study indicate that, should the necessary criteria be in place, EMCAs can contribute to achieving performance in excess of the required compliance, and EMCAs have been and are especially useful to achieve international reduction targets. However, the introduction of these agreements into South Africa at this crucial and delicate time in the development and implementation of environmental protection measures could distract and derail the current environmental focus and could be potentially damaging. As the environmental management framework matures in the country and the necessary criteria are realised, it is almost certain that the success that this policy approach has had internationally can be echoed in South Africa, and the country could benefit from the many advantages that the more voluntary approach to environmental management can provide. The current path of policy reform and systems development should however continue without distraction in the short term.

M.B.A / Although current legislation does not require companies to have Environmental Management Systems (EMS), the time is approaching where certified companies world-wide may well be offered preferential treatment by their governments (Diller, 1997: 36 - 39). South African companies are also realising that the environment is important (AFT Newsletter, 1997: 1). It seems likely, therefore, that many foreign trading partners will require international registration from their import manufacturers (Kumar & Kumar, 1997). Impala Platinum Limited produces various metals at its Base Metal Refinery (BMR) in Springs, Gauteng Province, South Africa. In its pursuit ofthe extraction and refining of these metals, the company makes use of staff drawn mostly from the adjacent residential area of Springs. This area also borders on a World Wildlife-proclaimed wetland, known as the Blesbokspruit. The company has thought it prudent to research the need to implement an EMS at the Springs site (Reynolds, 1998; Skelton, 1998b), for the following reasons: • to ensure competitive advantage by pre-empting customer requirements with regard to responsible environmental management; • to provide a safe, healthy working environment for the company's staff; • to provide a safe, healthy environment for residents living in the close proximity of the site;..

M.Sc. / The gold mining industry in South Africa is exposed to various legal issues due to the nature of its operations. Furthermore, there has been a renewed focus on environmental management in South Africa over the past decade, as well as an international focus on sustainable development. Environmental management in the gold mining industry must incorporate sustainable development, as well as the ‘cradle to grave’ concept. The gold mining industry has to ensure that its activities are compliant with environmental legislation and best practice requirements, as the increase in environmental awareness and legislated principles has escalated gold mines’ exposure to demands for the remediation and reparations of pollution and environmental degradation. No single document exists that provides the gold mining industry with detail on the environmental legislation and best practice requirements that gold mines are able to refer to in order ensure effective environmental management. Furthermore, there is no implementation plan for gold mines to implement in order to achieve compliance with environmental legislation and best practice requirements. This study has presented such a document, as it has provided the reader with detail concerning the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities, the current and new legislation, best practices, codes of practices, and offences and liabilities that gold mines will become exposed to should they not adhere to environmental legislative requirements. This detail has been used to compile an implementation programme (Chapter 4), which when implemented will ensure environmental compliance for the gold mining industry in South Africa. This mini-dissertation has thus provided the gold mining industry with an overview from which to work in order to become legally compliant with issues pertaining to environmental management in South Africa.

<p> The Salinas River Valley Watershed has endured the effects of seawater intrusion for decades caused by overpumping groundwater from the Salinas River Groundwater Basin. The Castroville Seawater Intrusion Project began delivering recycled water in 1998 with other water sources due to wells becoming too saline. One-on-one, in-person interviews with eighteen growers, who own or lease farmland within the Project&rsquo;s service area, were conducted during a severe, statewide drought. Interview questions explored grower attitudes and concerns regarding their water supply, and the impact of management strategies on the mitigation of seawater intrusion. Two research questions were posed, exploring factors that influence grower acceptance of alternative water supplies, and whether environmental impacts affect their attitudes. Four prominent factors were found that influence grower acceptance of alternative water supplies: perceived need for water supply, changes to cost and/or water quality, information/education, and level of trust. The study also revealed three motivations of growers for choosing water supplies that do not increase seawater intrusion or contribute to adverse environmental impacts: protecting harvest/land, managing associated cost of operations, and avoiding increased regulations and/or oversight. Growers with fewer numbers of farms and smaller acreage of farmland tended to have a greater perceived need to acquire sustainable water supplies, while being more reluctant to implement water sources of lesser quality.</p><p>