The thesis deals with the issue of environmental migration and with possible legal instruments of its prevention in the Czech Republic. Based on an analysis of the extent of the issue, it identifies three areas of environmental migration causes that are relevant in the conditions of the Czech Republic: (1) climate change and its impacts, (2) implementation of development projects, and (3) industrial accidents and pollution. It analyses and evaluates important legal instruments of prevention and protection of the inhabitants in these areas. In particular, climate protection, adaptation to climate change impacts (floods and droughts), protection against excessive resettlement due to development projects (mining, water reservoirs and building of roads), protection against industrial accidents and air protection are assessed. In conclusion, the findings are summarized and the most important legal deficiencies are formulated, eventually some modifications de lege ferenda are proposed.

This thesis is dealing with environmental migration resulting from the planned use of the territory, i.e. development displacement or resettlement. The aim of this thesis is to describe this process, to promote its understanding and to analyze its causes and consequences on people and communities. Academic literature dealing with development displacement in general was used together with many case studies. The thesis discusses the resettlement process in the Czech Republic, especially the actual case of the development displacement in the village of Nové Heřminovy. The main part of this thesis is the research conducted in the Slezská Harta micro-region, where 675 persons were displaced due to the building of the dam Slezská Harta in the late 80s and early 90s. The method of interview was used to analyze concequences of development displacement on people and communities (i.e. villages, which were affected by the dam construction). Interviews were made with 17 individuals who were somehow affected by the process of development displacement, mainly by being displaced. Key words: environmental migration, development displacement, Slezská Harta

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There has been an on-going discussion between researchers regarding the economic and climate induced reasons for migration (Renaud et al. 2011, Afifi, 2011).  There also seems to be insufficient data when it comes to internal migration within low-income countries (Tacolí, 2009). This study focuses on the impact of climate change and climate variability on migration processes to the area of Cochabamba, Bolivia. Two communities were chosen as study areas: Lopez Rancho and Alto Paraíso, both located in the growing city of Sacaba in the department of Cochabamba. In total 13 semi-structured interviews were made, including three key-informants and ten migrants, of which nine were female and one was male. The results show that while perceived environmental changes had an impact on the decision to migrate for six out of the ten respondents, other factors, such as education, infrastructure, health services, economy and decisions based on the family as a whole, were also important. Future studies on this subject can include these factors into various frameworks and surveys so that the nature of migration flows can be understood better.

Many people worldwide are forced to leave their homes because of serious degradation of environmental conditions, natural disasters and depletion of natural resources. Growing impacts of climate change and global warming on the environment and human mobility are becoming increasingly worrying, creating a need for protection of those environmentally displaced persons. Although there has been a great attention paid to this phenomenon, the category of so-called "environmental refugees" still continues unrecognized by the international community. The paper examines the circumstances under which environmental migration occurs, its causes and consequences. It deals with state obligations rising from the international environmental law, especially those related to climate change. It deals with the terminology related to the environmentally displaced persons, such as environmental migrants, environmental refugees or environmentally displaced persons. It presents their classification and defines the key terms. The paper also mentions cases of environmental migration in the world and their possible solution, highlighting the need for prevention and adaptation. Most of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of the legal status and rights of environmentally displaced persons. The paper analyses the...

The main aim of the study is to analyse households' adaptation measures to the climate change and its impacts in Sri Lanka such as extreme weather events - especially floods, landslides, heavy rains, droughts or water deficiency. Another objective of this study is to identify how locals perceive climate change impacts, what they think the specific causes are, what the implications and consequences are and what are their impacts on their households in selected regions in Sri Lanka. I also tried to identify which changes of climate they personally observe (if any) and what they think about it. The case study is based on my research, which I realized in July - September 2016 in Sri Lanka. I focused on two neighbour districts: one of them is Anuradhapura district, which is on the northwest of the island and it is in the dry climatic zone of the island. The second district is Matale, which is located in highlands and there is more humidity. I examined the perception of local residents to changes in the climate, which is, whether they realize that changes are caused by the global climate change and that the situation will deteriorate further, or whether they have another explanation. In connection with this, I also examined whether they have any plans or predictions of the future and how they adapt for...

China's quest for sustainable development has given birth to a set of contested ‘ecological construction’ programmes. Focusing on ‘ecological resettlement’, a type of policy measure in a programme for restoring degraded grasslands, this thesis sets out a critical analysis in opposition to the dominant technical and managerial approaches to understanding environmentalisation. The aim is to draw out the politics of the formulation, implementation and effects of ecological resettlement at and across different scales. The study combines fieldwork, interviews, analysis of policy documents, and statistical analysis while theoretically, in addition to political ecology, it incorporates concepts and models from environmental governance, migration, and pastoralism studies. Environmentalisation is examined through three types of analysis: environmentalisation of the state, reshaping of state-society relations, and (re)territorialisation. A central theme is how local processes are linked to national considerations and how the local state acts as an intermediary between the central state and the pastoralists. The analysis exposes the practices that enabled the central state to define the problem of grasslands and devise interventions, illustrating the environmentalisation of the state. However, at the local level, incentives and interests defined by the political structure drove the developmental local state to pursue short-term-effective rather than sustainable practices. On the other hand, while the pastoral households responded to the projects with different strategies, their migration decisions suggested that social, economic and cultural considerations played a more important role than environmental concerns. Moreover, ecological resettlement has led to a significant change of Mongolian pastoralism. Land-tenure-based management further fragmented rangelands while the emergence of new social arrangements enabled migrant households to remain involved with pastoralism.

This master thesis is focused on international-legal analysis of the relationship between development projects and environmental migration. The relationship between development projects and environmental migration is from the point of view of the international law almost unexamined and unregulated area, so this is the reason why I chose this theme as the topic of my research. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this relationship in respect to the international law and to search for an appropriate international legal instrument to regulate this relationship. The outputs are the answers to the following research questions: What is development project and what is environmental migration? What are the legal aspects of the relationship between development projects and environmental migration? Is it possible to treat this relationship in international law? Why is this area neglected by international law? Would not it be better to create a separate international legal framework for resettlement caused by development projects? The diploma thesis is composed of four main chapters, under which I am progressively trying to find answers to the above mentioned research questions. The first chapter is devoted to the development project and to determination of its definition, including its terminological...

The main objective of this study is to analyse problem representations within national and multilateral policy concerning environmental migration in Central America. The study mainly focuses on Mexico and Costa Rica’s national legal frameworks regarding environmental migration but also draws on bilateral as well as multilateral agreements ratified by the countries. In a two-step analysis, the perspectives of human security and state security are used to identify key representations, followed by an application of Bacchi’s (2016) post-structural policy analysis tool ‘What is the problem represented to be?’, allowing for an understanding of environmental migration policy in a wider context. The results of the study show how human security characteristics are most prevalent within environmental migration policy, albeit acknowledging the implicit prevalence of state security characteristics. The study makes attributions to the understanding of the discourse and conceptualisation concerning environmental migration and recommends further studies on efficient interlinkages between human and state security-oriented policies.

The diploma thesis focuses on the topic of environmental migration because of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. The main questions of the thesis are whether the Chernobyl accident is associated at any social level with environmental migration to the Czech Republic? To what time is the event socially framed? In what areas and how does the accident currently affect the lives of the environmental migrants? The diploma thesis has two research parts. The first part is a media analysis, which shows that the Chernobyl accident is mostly socially perceived as a matter of the past and is not associated with environmental migration to the Czech Republic. The second research part is based on anthropological research of semi- structured interviews with respondents. The result of this research is the division of radiation toxicity into five dimensions (political, biological, potential, reproductive, migration), in which the consequences of the Chernobyl accident continue to manifest themselves in the lives of environmental migrants. The dimensions of toxicity take place in different time frames, so the work also focuses on the temporality of modern accidents. The social perception of the Chernobyl accident as a finished event does not mean that it is no longer present in human lives. The aim of the...