To reverse the emergency environmental degradation of Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China, the localgovernment enforced a new developing project – Eco-migration, which aims at bothenvironmental restoration and poverty alleviation. Within ten years’ time, more than 400,000 ruralresidents were relocated. Through professional training and labor transportation, the financialcondition was largely improved. The annual income of these eco-migrants was highly raised from0.2 USD a day in 2000 to 3.51 USD a day in 2010. From the environmental perspective, morethan 70 percent of the sandy wasteland was restored. The vegetable coverage jumped up to 75percent, comparing to 30 percent in 2000. Through field study, the feedbacks from theseeco-migrants were collected. Eco-migrants were highly satisfied with the economic andenvironmental improvement. However, there are lots of improvements can be done. In one word,that’s the way the government trying to achieve the goal of sustainable development, whichproviding valuable experience for future.

Στην Ελλάδα, από την αρχαιότητα έως σήμερα, πολλές περιοχές έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για μετάλλευση και λατόμευση ώστε να παραχθούν μέταλλα και οικοδομικά υλικά. Η παραγωγή μαρμάρου ήταν συνήθης στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, αλλά σήμερα η πιο κοινή πρακτική είναι η παραγωγή αδρανών υλικών. Παρόλο που η Ευρωπαϊκή νομοθεσία είναι ιδιαίτερα αυστηρή σε ό,τι αφορά την αποκατάσταση των λατομείων (μετά τη χρήση τους), υπάρχουν πολλές περιπτώσεις που λατομεία αφέθηκαν στην τύχη τους μετά την εκμετάλλευση του πετρώματος. Σε τέτοιες περιοχές, ο ρυθμός της φυσικής διαδοχής είναι ιδιαίτερα χαμηλός επειδή ένα λατομείο καταλήγει με βαθμίδες και πρανή, που αποτελούνται από γυμνό βράχο. Ωστόσο, είναι σημαντικό να εφαρμοστούν μέθοδοι αποκατάστασης χρησιμοποιώντας τεχνητή βλάστηση, όπως είναι η υδροσπορά. Μία συνήθης πρακτική είναι η χρήση φυτικών ειδών, τα οποία είναι χαρακτηριστικά της τοπικής χλωρίδας και βλάστησης. Ο σκοπός της αποκατάστασης θα πρέπει να είναι η επανόρθωση της αρχικής ποιότητας του περιβάλλοντος. Στη μη αποκατεστημένη περιοχή, οι φυσιολογικές βιολογικές διαδικασίες είναι σε λήθαργο. Έτσι, θα πρέπει να αποκατασταθεί ώστε να είναι λειτουργικό σε ό,τι αφορά το έδαφος, τους φυτικούς οργανισμούς και την αισθητική του τοπίου. Στο αποκατεστημένο οικοσύστημα, οι φυσικές διαδικασίες απελευθέρωσης θρεπτικών ουσιών, η ανάπτυξη των φυτών και ο κύκλος των θρεπτικών συνεχίζουν σε φυσιολογικούς ρυθμούς. Η περιοχή μελέτης περιλαμβάνει τα πρανή και τις βαθμίδες ενός λατομείου ασβεστόλιθου που βρίσκεται πάνω από τα χωριά Αραχωβίτικα και Δρέπανο Αχαΐας. Η ιδιοκτήτρια εταιρία Α.Ε. ΤΣΙΜΕΝΤΩΝ ΤΙΤΑΝ έχει κάνει αποκατάσταση της περιοχής χρησιμοποιώντας φυτικά είδη, όπως είναι τα Cupressus sempervirens, Quercus ilex, Spartium junceum και Pinus halepensis. Επιπρόσθετα, για το σκοπό αυτό έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί και ξενικά φυτικά είδη, όπως είναι τα Eucalyptus globulus, Cupressus arizonica και Robinia pseudoacacia. Αυτά τα φυτικά είδη είναι ξενικά όχι μόνο στην Ελλάδα, αλλά και σε ολόκληρη τη Μεσογειακή περιοχή. Έτσι, η καλλιέργειά τους στην περιοχή όπου βρίσκεται το λατομείο, θα πρέπει να αποφεύγεται. Ο στόχος αυτής της έρευνας είναι η μελέτη της αποκατάστασης, της φυσικής διαδοχής και της φυτικής ποικιλότητας του λατομείου, χρησιμοποιώντας τη φυτοκοινωνιολογική μέθοδο του Braun-Blanquet. Δειγματοληπτικές επιφάνειες εγκαταστάθηκαν στα πρανή και τις βαθμίδες του λατομείου. Από κάθε επιφάνεια συλλέχθησαν και αναγνωρίστηκαν φυτικά δείγματα, όπως είναι τα Sarcopoterium spinosum, Silene italica subsp. peloponnesiaca, Dittrichia viscosa, Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber και Bituminaria bituminosa. Τα παραπάνω, που ονομάζονται πρόδρομα είδη, αποτελούν τα πρώτα φυτά που εγκαθίστανται σε μία υποβαθμισμένη περιοχή και παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην εγκατάσταση άλλων φυτών. Η χλωρίδα του λατομείου συγκρίνεται με αυτή της περιβάλλουσας περιοχής, η οποία αποτελείται από τυπική μακκία βλάστηση και χαρακτηρίζεται από κυρίαρχα φυτικά είδη της μεσογειακής βλάστησης στο στάδιο «κλίμαξ». Αυτά είναι τα Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne και Pistacia lentiscus. Επίσης, παρατηρούνται φυτικά είδη όπως είναι τα Pyrus amygdaliformis, Phlomis fruticosa, Myrtus communis, Cistus creticus, C. salviifolius και Fraxinus ornus. Η μελέτη της περιβάλλουσας περιοχής εξυπηρετεί ως οικοσύστημα αναφοράς, το οποίο αποτελεί ένα μοντέλο για το σχεδιασμό και την εκτίμηση ενός σχεδίου οικολογικής αποκατάστασης. / In Greece, from ancient times since today lots of areas have been used for mining and quarrying in order to produce minerals and building materials. The production of marble was frequent in ancient Greece, but today the most common practice is the production of cement. Despite the rigidity of European legislation concerning quarry restoration, there are cases that quarries are simply abandoned after use. The rate of natural succession is significantly low because a quarry ends up with quarry faces and platforms consisted of rock, after its excavation. Therefore it is important to apply restoration methods using artificial vegetation, such as hydro-seeding. It is common to use plant species which are not similar to the ones of the surrounding vegetation (introduced). The aim of restoration should be the rehabilitation of the original quality of the environment. In the unrestored ecosystem, normal biological processes are at a standstill. The ecosystem must be restored in order to become normally functional as long as it concerns the soil, the plants and the aesthetics. In the restored ecosystem the natural processes of nutrient release, plant growth and nutrient cycling go on at a normal rate. The study area includes the quarry faces and platforms (floors) of a limestone quarry above Arachovitica and Drepano Achaia, Greece. In order to restore this area, there has been an effort to cover it (by TITAN) using plant species like Cupressus sempervirens, Quercus ilex, Spartium junceum and Pinus halepensis. Besides them, non-native plant species have been planted such as Eucalyptus globulus, Cupressus arizonica and Robinia pseudoacacia. These plant species are alien, not only in Greece but in the entire Mediterranean region. So, their cultivation should be avoided in this particular area where the quarry is situated. The target of this research is the study of restoration, natural succession and plant diversity (at the quarry) using the plant sociological method Braun-Blanquet. Sample plots have been established at the faces and platforms of the quarry. Plant samples were collected from each plot, such as Sarcopoterium spinosum, Silene italica subsp. peloponnesiaca, Dittrichia viscosa, Centranthus ruber subsp. ruber and Bituminaria bituminosa. These plants are called “pioneer” plant species, because they are some of the first plants (in general) that colonise a disturbed area and play an important role in the establishment of other plants. The plant population of the quarry is also compared with the surrounding area which is consisted of natural “maqui” vegetation and it is characterised by the typical dominant plant species of this Mediterranean type of vegetation at a “climax” stage. These are Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex, Arbutus andrachne and Pistacia lentiscus. Additionally, there are several plant species like Pyrus amygdaliformis, Phlomis fruticosa, Myrtus communis, Cistus creticus, C. salviifolius and Fraxinus ornus. The surrounding environment serve as a reference ecosystem which means a model for planning and evaluating an ecological restoration project.

Orientador: André Henrique Rosa / Resumo: As florestas nativas são muito exploradas devido à crescente demanda de madeira e seus derivados para suprir o mercado consumidor, deixando evidente a importância das florestas plantadas como recurso para suprir a demanda comercial. O Pinus é uma espécie que se destaca devido a sua adaptabilidade aos mais diversos ambientes brasileiros. As indústrias beneficiadoras da matéria-prima para geração de madeira se caracterizam por gerar grande quantidade de resíduos denominados de "serragem", muitas vezes sem destinação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de gerar biochar através do processo de pirólise em diferentes temperaturas: 300º, 400º, 500º e 600ºC utilizando serragem de pinus spp. e avaliar sua incorporação ao solo na forma de substrato para germinação e desenvolvimento de mudas. Os biochar foram caracterizados quanto ao rendimento por pirólise e determinados seus teores de cinzas e carbono fixo segundo a norma ABNT NBR 8112/86. Todos os dados analisados desde a granulometria, caracterização físico-química, análises de germinação e o índice de qualidade de mudas através da metodologia de DICKSON, foram submetidos à analise estatísticas por teste de confrontamento de médias Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Pode-se concluir que houve diferença significativa nos tratamentos que foram incorporados biochar, comprovando estatisticamente que o BC400, BC500 e BC600 obtiveram os melhores resultados o que também foi confirmado pelo índice de qualidade de mudas (IQD); não houve diferença entre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Native forests are overexploited due to growing demand for wood and its derivatives to meet the consumer market, making it clear the importance of planted forests as a resource to meet the commercial demand. The pine is a species that stands out because of its adaptability to the most diverse Brazilian environments. The beneficiary industries of the raw material for the generation of wood are characterized by generating large amounts of waste called "sawdust", often without destination. The objective of this research was to generate biochar through pyrolysis process at different temperatures: 300, 400th, 500th and 600 ° C using spp pine sawdust. and evaluate its incorporation into the soil as substrate for germination and seedling development. The biochar were characterized in terms of yield determined by pyrolysis and their ash content and fixed carbon according to ABNT NBR 8112/86. All data from the analyzed particle, physicochemical characterization, analysis germination and seedling quality index through Dickson method, were subjected to statistical analysis by means confronting Tukey test at 5% probability. It can be concluded that there was significant difference in treatments which were incorporated into biochar, proving that statistically BC400, BC500 and BC600 obtained the best results which was also confirmed by the changes of quality index (DCI)... (Complete abstract electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4625.pdf: 3974872 bytes, checksum: b2b4e12ae73ff0b605e62f2fd14fd23b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / This essay aims at evaluating the use of alternative reforestation models in order to recover degraded areas in permanent preservation areas. The potential of effective recovery was analyzed regarding sustainability indicators which were applied according to the principles of the MESMIS tool. Comparing a forest fragment (AT), a handled agroforestry system (SAF), two recovery areas and a pasture area. All of the analyzed places belong to strategic regions considering the biodiversity conservation as well as water resources, as they are located in different environmentally protected zones (APA s), which provide water for the Cantareira System (Sistema Cantareira). The analysis took place in the recommended period for the monitor in the RAD projects, in the first three years in order to evaluate the current situation and also intervene in the maintenance if necessary. The sustainability indicators choice was based on the easy applicability and facts interpretation, which belongs to three groups: man-induced disturbance, composition and ecological function. The maninduced disturbance revealed that there was evidence of disturbance in all the places. In the composition indicators, the forestry fragment (AT) showed the higher value considering the biodiversity index. However the difference was not really significant if compared to the handled SAF. In the implementation of ecological function indicators, the SAF showed the highest rate of tree canopy. So, it was determined that the agroforestry system shows good results considering the diversity when it is handled. In addition to that, it showed big viii potential in recovering degraded areas and in enrichment of forest fragments that can be handled for a longer period than the one estimated by law. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo promover uma avaliação da utilização de modelos alternativos aos modelos convencionais de reflorestamento para a recuperação de áreas degradadas (AD) em áreas de preservação permanente (APP). Foram analisados o potencial efetivo de recuperação em APP por meio do uso de indicadores de sustentabilidade aplicados de acordo com os princípios da ferramenta MESMIS. Foram comparados um fragmento florestal (AT), um sistema agroflorestal manejado (SAF), duas áreas em recuperação (RAD) e uma área de pastagem. Todas as áreas analisadas pertencem a regiões estratégicas tanto para a conservação da biodiversidade como de recursos hídricos, pois estão em diferentes Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA s), as quais são fornecedoras de água para o Sistema Cantareira. A análise ocorreu dentro do período recomendado para o monitoramento de projetos de RAD, ou seja, em seus anos iniciais (até 3 anos) para se avaliar a situação atual e intervir na manutenção quando houver necessidade. A escolha dos indicadores de sustentabilidade foi baseada na fácil aplicabilidade e interpretação dos dados, pertencentes a três grupos: perturbações antrópicas, composição e função ecológica. Os indicadores de perturbações antrópicas mostraram que em todas as áreas havia indícios de perturbação. Nos indicadores de composição, o fragmento florestal (AT) apresentou o maior valor para o índice de diversidade, embora sem diferenças significativas em comparação com o SAF manejado. Na aplicação dos indicadores de função ecológica, o SAF apresentou a maior taxa de cobertura de copa. Assim, podevi se constatar que o sistema agroflorestal quando manejado apresenta bons resultados quanto à diversidade, e grande potencial para a recuperação de áreas degradadas e para enriquecimento de fragmentos florestais, podendo ser manejado por um período maior do que prevê a atual legislação.

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Environmental restoration is emerging as a major driver in the repair and reversal of some of the world’s most severely degraded landscape systems, with growing interest in the status and composition of restoration efforts. Although much has already been written about the theory and practice of environmental restoration, both positive and negative, hitherto the literature has tended to overlook the complexity bound up in defining restoration discourses, and perhaps more importantly, the physical, material consequences instilled through such human choice. The mutability of discourses of environmental restoration means that it can be moulded and (re-)shaped by different actors and contexts, with different values and meanings attached to ‘nature’. There exist multiple and contested natures of environmental restoration - nature(s) both in the sense o f the properties of restoration, and also that which is restored to a site. In this doctoral thesis, I demonstrate how discourses of environmental restoration are defined and interpreted, which discourses (if any) appear to dominate, and how these are mobilised to produce ‘restored nature’. Attention is also awarded to the environmental implications incurred when such discourses are played out on the ground. The research is grounded empirically through reference to the case studies o f the Eden Project (Cornwall, UK), the National Forest Company (Derbyshire, UK), and the Walden Woods Project (Lincoln, MA) and their adoption of restoration practices. Analysing the processes and practices of environmental restoration within a framework of social nature and cultural landscapes serves to destabilise the dualism distancing nature from society - a preserve of environmental ethics and philosophy - for such synergy not only highlights how ideas of (restored) nature are socially constructed, but also addresses the material production of nature, reinforcing the interactions between natural and societal actors.

O processo de industrialização e urbanização brasileiro está caracterizado por uma dinâmica de abandono (degradação) e reuso de áreas, que podem apresentar histórico de atividades com potencial de contaminação dos solos e águas superficiais e subterrâneas, concentrados em centros industriais, dentre os quais desponta o município de São Paulo. A disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos está entre as atividades que contribuem para o surgimento de áreas contaminadas e apresenta algumas especificidades para a sua recuperação. O objetivo desta pesquisa compreende a identificação e avaliação da adequação técnica, ambiental e paisagística dos processos de conversão de aterros desativados, existentes no município de São Paulo, em parques urbanos. O trabalho aborda as origens dessas áreas, passando pelas fases de sua implantação e desativação, os processos envolvidos na sua efetiva requalificação como parques, dentro de suas respectivas inserções urbanas, assim como a avaliação de suas condições atuais, quanto à contaminação, ao potencial de conectividade na paisagem e aos projetos paisagísticos e planos de gestão propostos. A pesquisa trata de dois estudos de caso: o antigo aterro Raposo Tavares, situado na Subprefeitura do Butantã, zona oeste, atual Parque Raposo Tavares e o antigo aterro Jacuí, situado na Subprefeitura de São Miguel Paulista, zona leste, hoje em processo de requalificação como o Parque Jardim Primavera. O estudo dos conceitos e das classificações dos sistemas de gestão de áreas contaminadas e de áreas verdes permitiu a proposição dos termos área contaminada requalificada e parqueaterro. A análise espacial da paisagem dos parques-aterros, através do modelo de tomada de decisão por multicritérios (Multi Criteria Evaluation - MCE), deu origem aos mapas de potencial de conectividade, em dois diferentes cenários: mais otimista e mais conservador. Os resultados mostraram que a conexão da paisagem está mais favorecida junto ao Raposo Tavares. Observou-se, também, que as condições ambientais e a distância de influência dos critérios selecionados na avaliação são determinantes para a definição das zonas de amortecimento urbanas dos parques. Os estudos de caso representam duas épocas distintas do desenvolvimento tecnológico para a requalificação dessas áreas. O projeto paisagístico do parqueaterro Raposo Tavares não contemplou aspectos importantes para evitar problemas relacionados à sua gênese. Ao contrário, o projeto do parque-aterro Jardim Primavera incorporou os quesitos técnicos e ambientais atuais e incluiu a participação da comunidade. A particularidade da gênese dos parques-aterros e suas restrições orientaram as diretrizes propostas para os seus planos de gestão, especialmente quanto à revegetação e definição das suas zonas de amortecimento. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a implantação de parques-aterros deve ser encarada com precaução, em razão dos possíveis riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores da obra como dos seus futuros usuários e à flora e fauna locais. / The process of industrialization and urbanization of Brazil is characterized by a dynamic of abandonment (degradation) and reuse of areas, which may have a history of activities that could contaminate the soils and surface and ground water. These areas tend to be concentrated in industrial centers, one of the most noteworthy of which is São Paulo. The disposal of solid waste is one of the activities that contribute to the emergence of contaminated areas and they have to be recovered in a specific manner. The aim of this research is to identify and assess the suitability from a technical, environmental and landscape standpoint of processes of converting abandoned landfills into urban parks in the municipality of São Paulo. The study discusses the origins of these areas, from the stages of their implementation and deactivation, to the processes involved in their effective redevelopment as parks, within their respective urban insertions. It also evaluates their current situation in terms of contamination, their potential for connectivity in the landscape and examines their landscaping design and proposed management plans. The research includes two case studies: the former landfill site Raposo Tavares, located in the Subprefecture of Butantã in the West District, which is currently the Raposo Tavares Park; and the former landfill site Jacuí, located in São Miguel Paulista, in the Eastern District, currently under redevelopment as the Jardim Primavera Park. The study of the concepts and classifications of the management systems of contaminated areas and green areas led to the proposal of the terms requalified contaminated area and landfill-park. Spatial analysis of the landscape of the landfill-parks, using the Multi Criteria Evaluation - MCE model, enabled the creation of connectivity potential maps, with two different scenarios: one more optimistic and the other conservative.The results showed that the landscape connectivity is more favourable in Raposo Tavares. It was also found that the environmental conditions and distance of influence of selected criteria in the evaluation are crucial to the definition of urban buffer zones of the parks. The case studies represent two different eras of technological development for the requalification of these areas. The landscape project of the Raposo Tavares landfill-park did not include important aspects to avoid problems related to its genesis. On the contrary, the design of the Jardim Primavera landfill-park incorporated current environmental and technical issues and included community participation. The particularity of the genesis of landfill-parks and their constraints oriented the proposed guidelines for their management plans, especially regarding the definition of revegetation and their buffer zones. Thus, it was concluded that the implementation of landfill-parks should be viewed with caution because of possible health risks to construction workers, future users and their flora and fauna

O processo de industrialização e urbanização brasileiro está caracterizado por uma dinâmica de abandono (degradação) e reuso de áreas, que podem apresentar histórico de atividades com potencial de contaminação dos solos e águas superficiais e subterrâneas, concentrados em centros industriais, dentre os quais desponta o município de São Paulo. A disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos está entre as atividades que contribuem para o surgimento de áreas contaminadas e apresenta algumas especificidades para a sua recuperação. O objetivo desta pesquisa compreende a identificação e avaliação da adequação técnica, ambiental e paisagística dos processos de conversão de aterros desativados, existentes no município de São Paulo, em parques urbanos. O trabalho aborda as origens dessas áreas, passando pelas fases de sua implantação e desativação, os processos envolvidos na sua efetiva requalificação como parques, dentro de suas respectivas inserções urbanas, assim como a avaliação de suas condições atuais, quanto à contaminação, ao potencial de conectividade na paisagem e aos projetos paisagísticos e planos de gestão propostos. A pesquisa trata de dois estudos de caso: o antigo aterro Raposo Tavares, situado na Subprefeitura do Butantã, zona oeste, atual Parque Raposo Tavares e o antigo aterro Jacuí, situado na Subprefeitura de São Miguel Paulista, zona leste, hoje em processo de requalificação como o Parque Jardim Primavera. O estudo dos conceitos e das classificações dos sistemas de gestão de áreas contaminadas e de áreas verdes permitiu a proposição dos termos área contaminada requalificada e parqueaterro. A análise espacial da paisagem dos parques-aterros, através do modelo de tomada de decisão por multicritérios (Multi Criteria Evaluation - MCE), deu origem aos mapas de potencial de conectividade, em dois diferentes cenários: mais otimista e mais conservador. Os resultados mostraram que a conexão da paisagem está mais favorecida junto ao Raposo Tavares. Observou-se, também, que as condições ambientais e a distância de influência dos critérios selecionados na avaliação são determinantes para a definição das zonas de amortecimento urbanas dos parques. Os estudos de caso representam duas épocas distintas do desenvolvimento tecnológico para a requalificação dessas áreas. O projeto paisagístico do parqueaterro Raposo Tavares não contemplou aspectos importantes para evitar problemas relacionados à sua gênese. Ao contrário, o projeto do parque-aterro Jardim Primavera incorporou os quesitos técnicos e ambientais atuais e incluiu a participação da comunidade. A particularidade da gênese dos parques-aterros e suas restrições orientaram as diretrizes propostas para os seus planos de gestão, especialmente quanto à revegetação e definição das suas zonas de amortecimento. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a implantação de parques-aterros deve ser encarada com precaução, em razão dos possíveis riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores da obra como dos seus futuros usuários e à flora e fauna locais. / The process of industrialization and urbanization of Brazil is characterized by a dynamic of abandonment (degradation) and reuse of areas, which may have a history of activities that could contaminate the soils and surface and ground water. These areas tend to be concentrated in industrial centers, one of the most noteworthy of which is São Paulo. The disposal of solid waste is one of the activities that contribute to the emergence of contaminated areas and they have to be recovered in a specific manner. The aim of this research is to identify and assess the suitability from a technical, environmental and landscape standpoint of processes of converting abandoned landfills into urban parks in the municipality of São Paulo. The study discusses the origins of these areas, from the stages of their implementation and deactivation, to the processes involved in their effective redevelopment as parks, within their respective urban insertions. It also evaluates their current situation in terms of contamination, their potential for connectivity in the landscape and examines their landscaping design and proposed management plans. The research includes two case studies: the former landfill site Raposo Tavares, located in the Subprefecture of Butantã in the West District, which is currently the Raposo Tavares Park; and the former landfill site Jacuí, located in São Miguel Paulista, in the Eastern District, currently under redevelopment as the Jardim Primavera Park. The study of the concepts and classifications of the management systems of contaminated areas and green areas led to the proposal of the terms requalified contaminated area and landfill-park. Spatial analysis of the landscape of the landfill-parks, using the Multi Criteria Evaluation - MCE model, enabled the creation of connectivity potential maps, with two different scenarios: one more optimistic and the other conservative.The results showed that the landscape connectivity is more favourable in Raposo Tavares. It was also found that the environmental conditions and distance of influence of selected criteria in the evaluation are crucial to the definition of urban buffer zones of the parks. The case studies represent two different eras of technological development for the requalification of these areas. The landscape project of the Raposo Tavares landfill-park did not include important aspects to avoid problems related to its genesis. On the contrary, the design of the Jardim Primavera landfill-park incorporated current environmental and technical issues and included community participation. The particularity of the genesis of landfill-parks and their constraints oriented the proposed guidelines for their management plans, especially regarding the definition of revegetation and their buffer zones. Thus, it was concluded that the implementation of landfill-parks should be viewed with caution because of possible health risks to construction workers, future users and their flora and fauna