Based on the author's dissertation research at the Population Research Centre at the University of Groningen, in affiliation with The Netherlands Graduate School of Research in Demography (PDOD). / Summary in Dutch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 353-364).

Thesis (Ph.D. (Public administration))-University of Pretoria, 2004. / Abstract and summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008. / A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Education, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-182).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2006. / Curriculum vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-220). Also available on microfilm.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-08T11:13:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDEAM MARTINS DA GAMA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 6103233 bytes, checksum: fed3189fc228c5e2e93b1cfa20cff5f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-08T11:13:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDEAM MARTINS DA GAMA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2016.pdf: 6103233 bytes, checksum: fed3189fc228c5e2e93b1cfa20cff5f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-10 / Capes / Indícios de degradação ambiental em território brasileiro datam da ocupação lusitana, inicialmente na zona litorânea nordestina, posteriormente direcionada para o interior do território (agreste e sertão). A espacialização das atividades desenvolvidas no sertão paraibano a exemplo da criação do gado bovino, da cotonicultura, do desmatamento, associados aos eventos de secas prolongadas e a vulnerabilidade da população rural provocaram impactos ambientais negativos. Em algumas microrregiões do Estado da Paraíba a exemplo do Cariri Oriental, apresentam áreas em estágio avançado de desertificação, o município de Barra de Santana foi escolhido para realização do presente estudo por se estar inserido na microrregião supracitada e estar susceptível ao processo de desertificação. O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre os condicionantes naturais e antrópicos no processo de degradação da cobertura vegetal no município de Barra de Santana-PB entre o período de 1987 a 2015 (28 anos) e suas consequências, justificando-se pela escassez de estudos sobre os processos de degradação ambiental na região do semiárido paraibano, em particular no município supracitado. Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de três etapas, inicialmente com a revisão de literatura tratando de aspectos históricos, socioambientais e econômicos relacionados a degradação do Bioma Caatinga regional e local. A segunda etapa se deu a partir da aplicação de questionários objetivos semiestruturados na zona rural do município estudado. A terceira etapa foi realizada através do emprego de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG’s) com a utilização de imagens de satélite que auxiliaram na análise de aspectos biofísicos da cobertura vegetal do município estudado através da dinâmica da cobertura vegetal da Caatinga e do cálculo do Índice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo (SAVI). Verificou-se a importância de alguns programas sociais na amenização das condições de vulnerabilidade da população rural, como o Programa Bolsa Família, Bolsa Estiagem, Seguro Safra, Água Para Todos e tecnologias sociais como as cisternas de placa que tem garantido o mínimo de segurança hídrica e alimentar para as famílias que residem na zona rural. Tendo em vista que, mesmo atendidos por alguns programas sociais, apenas a vulnerabilidade social se apresentou moderada (29,1%), as outras vulnerabilidades como a econômica (92,1%), a tecnológica (67,8%) e hídrica (64,7%) foram identificadas com altos níveis. Os resultados obtidos a partir da comparação entre as imagens de SAVI referentes os anos de 1987 e 2015 evidenciam uma redução de 37% da área ocupada por Caatinga Arbórea densa e Subarbórea densa presentes no ano 1987, representando uma taxa de desmatamento de 2,8 Km2/ano. Houve um aumento de 49,7% das classes de Caatinga Arbustivas abertas, Subarbustiva rala, Subarbustiva muito rala e Solo exposto, uma evolução de 2,9 Km2/ano. O mapeamento da Susceptibilidade Natural a Degradação Ambiental obtido a partir da sobreposição de mapas de vegetação, erodibilidade do solo e declividade indicam uma redução das áreas pertencentes as classes de susceptibilidade Muito Baixo de 25% (1987) para 11,2% (2015). Nas áreas pertencentes a classe com nível Alto de susceptibilidade houve uma aumento, entre 1987 e 2015 de 12,8% para 16%, a classe de susceptibilidade Muito Alta passou de 14,8% (1987) para 23,5% (2015), esse aumento ocorreu em áreas que possuem declividade acentuada e capacidade de perda de solo muito elevadas, neste caso deve-se reiterar a importância da preservação da vegetação nativa para garantir a estabilidade dos solos, o que não impede a utilização dessas áreas para o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas que sejam sustentáveis. / Evidence of environmental degradation in the Brazilian territory date from the Lusitanian occupation initially on the northeastern coast zone, then directed into the territory (rural and backwoods). The spatialization of the developed activities in Paraíba backwoods, for instance livestock, the cotton industry, deforestation, associated with events of prolonged drought and the vulnerability of the rural population caused negative environmental impacts. In some microregions of Paraiba state, taking Eastern Cariri as an example, there are areas in advanced stage of desertification, which is not the case of the county Barra de Santana was taken for the realization of this study for being insert in the microregion previously mentioned as well as for being susceptible to the desertification process. The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the natural and anthropogenic conditions in the process of degradation of the vegetation cover in the municipality of Barra de Santana between the period of 1987 to 2015 (28 years) and its consequences, justified by the scarce studies on the environmental degradation processes in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, in particular in the aforementioned municipality. This research was developed in three stages, initially with the review of literature dealing with historical, social, environmental and economic aspects related to degradation of regional and local Caatinga Biome. The second stage took place with the application of semi-structured questionnaires objectives in rural city studied. The third step was carried out through the use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the use of satellite images that helped in the analysis of biophysical aspects of plant cover of the municipality studied by the dynamics of vegetation of Caatinga and the calculation of Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). It was verified the importance of some social programs in ameliorating the vulnerability of the rural population conditions, such as the Bolsa Família, Bolsa Estiagem, Seguro Safra, Água Para Todos and social technologies such as board tanks that have guaranteed minimum water security and food for families living in the countryside. Considering that, even being attended by some social programs, only the social vulnerability was presented as moderate (29,1%), the other ones such as economic (92,1%), technological (67,8%) e hydric (64,7%) were identified with high levels. The results obtained from the comparison between images of SAVI for the years 1987 and 2015 show a reduction of 37 % of the area occupied by dense Arboreal and Subarboreal Caatinga present in 1987, representing a deforestation rate of 2.8 Km² /year. There was an increase of 49.7% of the open Caatinga Shrub classes, sparse Subshrub, very thin Subshrub and soil exposed, an increase of 2.9 km2 /year. The mapping of Natural Susceptibility to Environmental Degradation obtained from overlapping vegetation maps, soil erodibility and slope indicate a reduction in susceptibility areas belonging to the Very Low Susceptibility classes from 25% (1987) to 11.2% (2015). In areas belonging to class with high level of susceptibility there was an increase between 1987 and 2015 from 12.8% to 16%, the susceptibility of Very High class increased from 14.8% (1987) to 23.5% (2015), this increase occurred in areas that have steep slopes and very high capacity loss ground, in this case it must be stressed the importance of preserving native vegetation to ensure the stability of the soil, which does not prevent the use of these areas for development economic activities that are sustainable.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / The oil industry has been a major contributor to economic development in many countries; providing jobs, revenue, infrastructure and businesses to third parties. However, this development has also come with adversity on the physical environment. The oil industry accounts for the highest Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the world, making it the number one polluter. In addition, South Africa has been regarded as the biggest polluter in Africa, with fossil-based fuel cited as the major cause of environmental degradation. South Africa’s physical environment is also cited as having degraded more than most countries in Africa. This proposition requires players in the oil industry to urgently address this situation. As the future of economic development is likely to be spearheaded by the oil industry, concerns have been raised at the slow rate of addressing oil companies’ operations which causes the environment to be less sustainable. This study uses a qualitative content analysis to explore the oil companies’ actions towards addressing environmental adversity caused by their unsustainable operations. In order to be environmental sustainable, oil companies must; incorporate environmental sustainability into missions and visions, financial investment into sustainable initiatives, involve top management in environmental programs, engage stakeholder, comply and align organisational processes and operations with environmental legislations and introducing renewable energy.

This study focuses on South African Environmefltal policy; in particular its policies regarding hazardous waste. These policies are addressed within the framework of a case study which serves as basis to critically evaluate government environmental policies both past and present. The thesis examines South African environmental policy against the backdrop of competing schools of thought regarding the relationship between growth and development on the one hand and long term environmental security on the other. Development strategies such as Sustainable Development and the government's Growth, Employment and Redistribution as well as philosophies such as Deep Ecology will be discussed. The thesis argues that Non-Governmental Organisations are the holders of a real environmental ethic and thus their role in preventing environmental degradation is of critical importance. Furthermore, it is imperative that this ethic be disseminated across society if South Africa is to successfully pursue sound environmental policies. This argument is pursued by way of a case study, Thor Chemicals: a company responsible for the running of the largest mercury recovery facility in the world. This plant, which operated in Cato Ridge, KwaZulu-Natal, has been the source of much controversy since it was found that many of its employees and ex-employees were suffering from severe mercury poisoning resulting in two fatalities. The company was also involved in the importation of hazardous wastes as well as the pollution of the surrounding environment. Thor is currently the subject of inquiry by the government-appointed Davis Commission. It is pointed out that ill the past South Africa held no real environmental ethic and environmental degradation ensued as a result. The presented thesis argues that, despite assurances to the contrary, the present government is also without a true environmental ethic that will be effective in preventing future degradation.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T13:26:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO ANTUNES DE MELO - TESE (PPGRN) 2015.pdf: 2781991 bytes, checksum: 8c032e03128e2d30ff5e399362b635cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T13:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO ANTUNES DE MELO - TESE (PPGRN) 2015.pdf: 2781991 bytes, checksum: 8c032e03128e2d30ff5e399362b635cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Quando a realidade das comunidades estava ligada basicamente ao descarte de material orgânico, ou seja, restos de alimentos, cascas de frutas e madeira, a natureza possuía condições razoáveis de absorção e degradação dos resíduos orgânicos, mas, a partir do momento em que a sociedade muda seus hábitos e passa a consumir cada vez mais, os produtos descartáveis e alimentos industrializados, a situação muda completamente. Por se tratar de uma atividade eminentemente urbana, a industrialização acelerou a expansão das cidades, promoveu o êxodo rural e estimulou a concentração da população no espaço urbano, o que resultou também, no aumento do consumo de bens e mercadorias, por consequência, maior demanda de matéria-prima e um permanente processo de geração de resíduos sólidos. No caso específico de Cuité/PB, a cidade enfrenta problema semelhante. Para abordar a temática, a pesquisa tem entre os seus objetivos: avaliar e fazer um diagnóstico socioambiental, visando mensurar as limitações da gestão dos resíduos sólidos do município, tendo como referência, a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos. Lei 12.305/10, com a propositura de pensar alternativas para mitigar os problemas socioambientais identificados no setor. As premissas metodológicas para o levantamento de dados no campo foram referenciadas, a partir da produção de formulários de entrevistas, com perguntas semiestruturadas, aplicado junto ao público envolvido com a atividade, que é formado especificamente por: catadores, gestores e população. Outra fase da pesquisa foi o quarteamento dos resíduos sólidos locais para análise gravimétrica dos materiais. Quanto aos resultados, observa-se, que a gestão local, atende 100%, a coleta na área urbana, mas por falta de uma gestão que organize e integre de forma planejada, as etapas que compõe as atividades de: segregação, triagem e armazenamento dos materiais recicláveis, os resíduos sólidos, continuam sendo destinando ao lixão, que recebe em média 65 ton./semana, o que resulta, em mais de 85% dos materiais, sendo quinzenalmente enterrados no subsolo local. O que provoca uma constante produção de metano e chorume, além de um intenso processo de degradação socioambiental. Um dado importante, é que o trabalho dos catadores, promove o retorno de aproximadamente, 14% dos materiais, à indústria recicladora. A conclusão é que, além do percentual dos inorgânicos que retorna a cadeia produtiva, uma fração significativa dos resíduos orgânicos é destinada a alimentação de animais domésticos. O agravante é que apenas uma parte destes resíduos é recolhida na fonte geradora, o restante é catado no lixão, na maioria das vezes, em um avançado processo de degradação. / When reality communities was primarily linked to the disposal of organic material, namely, food waste, fruit and wood bark, the nature possessed reasonable terms of uptake and degradation of organic waste, but from the moment the society change their habits and begins to consume more and more disposable products and processed foods, the situation changes completely. Because it is an eminently urban activity, industrialization accelerated the expansion of cities, promoted the rural exodus and stimulated the concentration of population in urban areas, which also resulted in increased consumption of goods and commodities, consequently, increased demand of raw materials and an ongoing process of generation of solid waste. In the specific case of Cuité/PB, the city is facing similar problem. To address the issue, the research has among its objectives: to evaluate and make a socio-environmental diagnosis, aiming to measure the limitations of solid waste management in the municipality, by reference, the National Policy of Solid Waste. Law 12.305 / 10, the filing of thinking alternatives to mitigate environmental problems identified in the sector. The methodological assumptions for the data collection in the field were referenced, from the production of interview forms, with semi-structured questions, applied with the public involved in the activity, which is formed specifically by: collectors, managers and population. Another phase of the research, was the quartering of local solid waste for gravimetric analysis of materials. As for the results, it is observed that the local management, meets 100% collection in urban areas, but for lack of a management that organize and integrate a planned manner, the steps that make up the activity: segregation, sorting and storage of recyclable materials, solid waste, are still destined to landfill, which receives on average 65 ton./week, resulting in over 85% of the materials fortnightly being buried underground on site. What causes a constant production of methane and manure, as well as an intense process of environmental degradation. An important fact is that the work of collectors, promotes the return of approximately 14% of the materials, the recycling industry. The conclusion is that in addition to the percentage of inorganic returning the supply chain, a significant fraction of organic waste is destined for feeding livestock. The aggravating factor is that only part of this waste is collected at the source, the rest are culled at the dump, most often in an advanced process of degradation.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-08T14:36:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3160277 bytes, checksum: 9549d58a07164e6f27c72ece8b7ebd35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T14:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3160277 bytes, checksum: 9549d58a07164e6f27c72ece8b7ebd35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / The process of occupation and expansion in the city of João Pessoa, PB has accelerated considerably in recent years leaving in the wake of this growth a negative balance stop the environment. These problems spill over environmental issues interferes with quality of life. This research aims to diagnose the environmental situation of the Parahyba Municipal Park and suggest mitigation alternatives to the problems identified. This worked used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), satellite images, aerial photographs of 1976, visit the field to collect data and images, was held the georrefereciamento using ArcGIS 10.1 software. This Geographic Information System allowed to form a bank of the main geographic information of the study place. Had with reference subjects such as Landscape Ecology and Restoration due to its integrated vision capacity of the environment. From the results of this research can be observed that although it is incorporated as a conservation area the Park Parahyba save different environmental problems in violation of current law that reduce the environmental quality of the place. The diagnosis allowed also present the role of the park as a producer of environmental services to this part of the city by improving the quality of life. / O processo de ocupação e expansão na cidade de João Pessoa-PB acelerou-se nos últimos anos deixando, na esteira desse crescimento, um saldo negativo para o meio ambiente. Dentre os problemas gerados por esse processo, estão os que interferem diretamente sobre a qualidade de vida da população. Esta pesquisa busca fazer uma avaliação da situação do uso e da ocupação do Parque Municipal Parahyba, tomando como base a situação anterior ao atual processo de expansão urbana. Desta forma, buscou-se mapear, quantificar e analisar a ocupação do parque, identificando os tipos de vegetação existentes e sugerindo alternativas para minimizar os problemas identificados. No trabalho, foram utilizadas imagens recentes geradas por um veículo aéreo não tripulado (Vant) e fotografias aéreas do ano de 1976, assim como visitas in loco para coleta de dados e imagens. O processamento dos dados foi feito através de um Sistema de informação Geográfica, que permitiu gerar um banco de dados com as principais informações geográficas da área estudada. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que apesar de ser constituída como uma Unidade de Conservação, o Parque Parahyba permanece subutilizado, com aproximadamente 60% da área sem vegetação arbórea, e ainda conserva diferentes passivos ambientais em desacordo com a legislação vigente, que, consequentemente, reduz a qualidade ambiental do lugar.