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Diversidade da Calliphoridae em manguezal e a associa??o com Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), Itabora?, RJ, Brasil / Diversity of Calliphoridae in mangrove swamp and the association with Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), Itabora?, RJ, BrazilSILVA, Jos? Antonio Batista da 08 December 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-08 / This work was carried out from August 2007 to July 2011, in Itabora?, RJ, Brazil, and aimed to
identify the Calliphoridae species exist in a mangrove swamp, verifying which are the
predominant species, highlighting the proportions of males and females, and also analyzing the
influence of abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity and moon phases, and also providing
an analysis of the abundance, richness, diversity and similarity between the periods of sampling,
ecological relationships between species of the same family and the ecological relationship
between Calliphoridae and Phoridae parasitoids in Guapi-Mirim Environmental Protection Area,
(Guapi-Mirim EPA) in the same city. Semiweekly collections were carried out over 48 months
(96 collections). The traps were suspended at a height of 1.20 m above the ground for a period of
48 hours for each collection. To trap and collect the flies, four plastic traps (35 cm x 15 cm) were
placed 100m apart each other in the studied area. The bait used was based on fish (sardine) in
decomposition. The insects caught were killed by asphyxiation with 70% ethanol inside the trap.
After asphyxiation all specimens were put into plastic pots containing 70% ethanol. The
specimens were taken to the Laborat?rio de Transmissores de Leishmanioses (Setor de
Entomologia M?dica e Forense) - IOC/FIOCRUZ, RJ, where they were separated by the
collection day, counted and then identified using a stereoscopic microscope and the dichotomous
keys for families and species. The abundance of Calliphoridae flies was statistically analyzed
using the Statistica 7.1 program (StatSoft 2005) for the non-parametric test Kruskal-Wallis one
way ANOVA (p< 0.05). Also the Kendall Tau Correlation test, Mann-Whitney (significance of
95%; p<0.05) and chi-square test (?2) were used to analyze. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index,
Bray-Curtis similarity and Euclidean Distance were used. A total of 4,531flies were collected.
These flies belonged to ten (10) species of the Calliphoridae family: Chrysomya megacephala
(Fabricius, 1794) (86.40%), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann,1819) (5.72%), Cochliomyia
macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) (4.94%), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1818) (2.10%), Lucilia
eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (0.30%), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Cocquerel, 1858) (0.22%),
Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1930) (0.20%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius,
1805) (0.04%), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850) (0.04%), Lucilia cuprina
(Wiedemann,1830) (0.04%). The species C. megacephala was the one that presented the greatest
abundance. Spring was the preferred season for all species; temperatures between 30.5 and
32.40C and relative humidity between 56.8 and 61.7% were considered those where there was a
frenzy of oviposition; the full and new moons were the phases during which there was a higher
occurrence of flies; Megaselia scalaris occurred more frequently in the most abundant
Calliphoridae species in the same season of the year thus allowing greater dispersion of eggs;
Calliphoridae species had a higher rate survival with increased food resources resulting from the
polluting activity / Este trabalho foi realizado entre agosto de 2007 e julho de 2011, no Munic?pio de Itabora?, RJ,
Brasil, e teve como objetivo identificar as esp?cies de Calliphoridae existentes em uma ?rea de
mangue, quantificar as predominantes, destacando as propor??es de machos e f?meas, e tamb?m
analisar a influ?ncia de fatores abi?ticos, tais como temperatura, umidade do ar e fases lunares; e
ainda relacionar a abund?ncia, a riqueza, a diversidade e a similaridade entre os per?odos de
coletas, rela??es ecol?gicas entre as esp?cies da entomofauna da mesma fam?lia e a rela??o
ecol?gica entre Calliphoridae e Phoridae parasit?ides dentro da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental de
Guapi-Mirim (APA de Guapi-Mirim), em Itabora?. Durante 48 meses, foram realizadas 96
coletas, uma a cada 15 dias. Em todas as capturas, foram utilizadas armadilhas confeccionadas
em recipiente pl?stico com 35 cm de altura e 15 cm de di?metro. Cada uma das quatro armadilhas
foi suspensa a uma altura de 1,20 m do solo contendo 100g de isca de peixe (sardinha) em
decomposi??o por um per?odo de 48 horas. Ap?s cada captura, todos os esp?cimes foram mortos
no interior das armadilhas por asfixia utilizando etanol 70%. Em seguida todos os indiv?duos
foram acondicionados em potes pl?sticos, contendo etanol a 70% e encaminhados ao Laborat?rio
de Transmissores de Leishmanioses (Setor de Entomologia M?dica e Forense), IOC-FIOCRUZ,
RJ, em seguida todos os esp?cimes foram separados por dia de coleta, identificadas e
quantificadas. Para tal procedimento utilizou-se um microsc?pio estereosc?pico e chaves
dicot?micas para a identifica??o da fam?lia e das esp?cies. As an?lises estat?sticas foram feitas
utilizando o programa estat?stico Statistica 7.1 (STATSOFT, 2005), atrav?s do teste de Kruskal-
Wallis one way ANOVA, teste de qui- quadrado (?2), Mann-Whitney e correla??o de Kendall
Tau (p<0,05). Foram utilizados os ?ndices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e similaridade de
Bray-Curtis, assim como a Dist?ncia Euclidiana. Foram capturadas 4531 moscas pertencentes a
dez (10) esp?cies da fam?lia Calliphoridae: Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (86,40%),
Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann,1819) (5,72%), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775)
(4,94%), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1818) (2,10%), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819)
(0,30%), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Cocquerel, 1858) (0,22%), Chloroprocta idioidea
(Robineau-Desvoidy, 1930) (0,20%), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805) (0,04%),
Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850) (0,04%), Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann,1830)
(0,04%). A esp?cie C. megacephala foi aquela que apresentou a maior abund?ncia, a primavera
foi a esta??o do ano em que todas as esp?cies mostraram maior prefer?ncia; as temperaturas
compreendidas entre 30,5 e 32,40C e a umidade relativa do ar entre 56,8 e 61,7% foram
consideradas aquelas onde houve frenesi de oviposi??o; nas luas cheias e novas houve maior
ocorr?ncia de moscas capturadas; Megaselia scalaris se utilizou de esp?cies abundantes nas
mesmas esta??es do anos em que ela ocorreu com maior frequ?ncia, possibilitando assim maior
dispers?o de ovos; a maior disponibilidade de recursos alimentares resultantes da atividade
poluidora tempor?ria ofereceram uma melhor condi??o de sobreviv?ncia para as esp?cies os
Calliphoridae.
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