Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2013-10-18T17:47:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danniel Sann Dias da Silva Analise da ancestralidade...2013.pdf: 1290114 bytes, checksum: 95da03014304e202e3b248867ec987a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-18T17:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danniel Sann Dias da Silva Analise da ancestralidade...2013.pdf: 1290114 bytes, checksum: 95da03014304e202e3b248867ec987a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / O carcinoma escamocelular oral (CEO), entre homens, é o quarto câncer mais frequente no Nordeste do Brasil e o terceiro na Bahia. Apesar de possuir etiologia multifatorial, pelo menos 80% dos casos são atribuíveis à exposição ao fumo e ao álcool. Suscetibilidade individual ao CEO tem sido amplamente estudada, e é atribuída a fatores genéticos e também sócio-econômicos. Polimorfismos genéticos de risco, comuns em determinadas populações; hábitos de vida; dificuldade de acesso à informação e aos serviços de saúde são exemplos destes fatores. Sabendo da alta incidência do CEO na Bahia objetivou-se analisar a distribuição dos fatores de risco para CEO numa amostra da população da Bahia. Participaram 332 doadores voluntários de um banco de sangue público baiano, com idade entre 19 e 66 anos. Coletaram-se amostras biológicas de 320 indivíduos e aplicou-se questionário epidemiológico em 309. Investigaram-se cinco polimorfismos de risco (GSTT1*nulo, GSTM1*nulo, CYP1A1*2C (rs1048943), XRCC1 399*Gln (rs25487) eXRCC1 194*Trp (rs1799782) e nove marcadores informativos de ancestralidade (AIMs), por meio de PCR para as inserções e/ou deleções, e PCR-RFLP ou Real Time-PCR para as mutações pontuais. Observou-se presença dos alelos de risco variando entre 12,3% e 56,5% dos indivíduos (XRCC1 194*Trp e XRCC1 399*Gln, respectivamente). A frequência do tabagismo foi 14,6%, etilismo 64,3% (12,7% azem uso abusivo de álcool). Os outros fatores de risco variaram entre 2,3% e 1,3% (relato de HPV e dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde). A estimativa de ancestralidade mostrou maior contribuição ancestral nativo americana em portadores do genótipo GSTM1-nulo que nos não-nulo, o qual foi mais frequente em brancos. Não foi observada associação entre ancestralidade/raça e os fatores de risco ambientais. No entanto, alguns fatores de risco foram associados à baixa renda, e, principalmente, à baixa escolaridade. Contudo, embora a ancestralidade possa influenciar a suscetibilidade genética, não houve influência sobre a suscetibilidade ambiental já que os fatores de risco ambientais se relacionaram principalmente com aspectos socioeconômicos. / The oral squamous cell carcinomas (CEO) is the fourth most common cancer in northeastern Brazil and also in Bahia. Despite having a multifactorial etiology, at least 80% of cases are attributable to exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Individual susceptibility to CEO has been widely studied, and is attributed to genetic and socioeconomic factors. Genetic polymorphisms of risk, common in certain ancestral populations; lifestyle; information access and health services difficulty are examples of such factors. Given the high incidence of CEO in Bahia we investigated the distribution of risk factors for CEO in a sample from Bahia population. Participated in 332 voluntary blood donors of a public blood bank in Bahia, ages ranged from 20 to 66 years. Biological samples was collect from 320 individuals and epidemiological questionnaire was applied to 309. We investigated five polymorphisms of susceptibility (GSTT1*null, GSTM1*null, CYP1A1*2C (rs1048943), XRCC1 399*Gln (rs25487) and XRCC1 194*Trp (rs1799782)) and nine ancestry informative markers (AIMs) by PCR for insertions and/or deletions, and PCR-RFLP and Real Time-PCR for SNP. We observed the presence of risk alleles ranging from 12.3% to 56.5% of subjects (XRCC1 194*Trp and XRCC1-399*Gln, respectively). Smoking was prevalent in 14.6% of subjects, alcoholism in 64.3% (12.7% alcohol abuse). The other risk factors varied between 2.3% and 41.3% (reported HPV and poor access to health services). The ancestry estimative showed high contribution of Native American in individuals with genotype GSTM1*null, which was more common in whites. In this sample, there was no relationship between ancestry/race and environmental risk factors. However, some risk factors were associated with low income, and, especially, low schooling. However, while the ancestry can influence genetic susceptibility, no influence on the environmental susceptibility, which relates mainly to socioeconomic factors.

The article investigates how socioeconomic background affects noise annoyance caused by residential road traffic in urban areas. It is argued that the effects of socioeconomic variables (migration background, education, and income) on noise annoyance tend to be underestimated because these effects are mainly indirect. We specify three indirect pathways. (1) A “noise exposure path” assumes that less privileged households are exposed to a higher level of noise and therefore experience stronger annoyance. (2) A “housing attributes path” argues that less privileged households can shield themselves less effectively from noise due to unfavorable housing conditions and that this contributes to annoyance. (3) Conversely, an “environmental susceptibility path” proposes that less privileged people are less concerned about the environment and have a lower noise sensitivity, and that this reduces their noise annoyance. Our analyses rest on a study carried out in four European cities (Mainz and Hanover in Germany, Bern and Zurich in Switzerland), and the results support the empirical validity of the three indirect pathways.

The article investigates how socioeconomic background affects noise annoyance caused by residential road traffic in urban areas. It is argued that the effects of socioeconomic variables (migration background, education, and income) on noise annoyance tend to be underestimated because these effects are mainly indirect. We specify three indirect pathways. (1) A “noise exposure path” assumes that less privileged households are exposed to a higher level of noise and therefore experience stronger annoyance. (2) A “housing attributes path” argues that less privileged households can shield themselves less effectively from noise due to unfavorable housing conditions and that this contributes to annoyance. (3) Conversely, an “environmental susceptibility path” proposes that less privileged people are less concerned about the environment and have a lower noise sensitivity, and that this reduces their noise annoyance. Our analyses rest on a study carried out in four European cities (Mainz and Hanover in Germany, Bern and Zurich in Switzerland), and the results support the empirical validity of the three indirect pathways.