Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2002. / Advisor: R.S. Gupta. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1995. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1995. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Undergraduate honors paper--Mount Holyoke College, 2005. Dept. of Chemistry. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-111).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2007 Mar 21

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Brock University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brock University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-87). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Malaria continues to be an enormous health-threat in the developing world and the emergence of drug resistance has further compounded the problem. The parasite-specific enzyme, 1-deoxY-D-xylulose-S-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), has recently been validated as a promising antimalarial drug target. The present study comprises a combination of synthetic, physical organic, computer modelling and bioassay techniques directed towards the development of novel DXR inhibitors. A range of 2-heteroarylamino-2-oxoethyl- and 2- heteroarylamino-2-oxopropyl phosphonate esters and their corresponding phosphonic acid salts have been synthesised as analogues of the highly active DXR inhibitor, fosmidomycin. Treatment of the heteroarylamino precursors with chloroacetyl chloride or chloropropionyl chloride afforded chloroamide intermediates, Arbuzov reactions of which led to the corresponding diethyl phosphonate esters. Hydrolysis of the esters has been effected using bromotrimethylsilane. Twenty-four new compounds have been prepared and fully characterised using elemental (HRMS or combustion) and spectroscopic (1- and 2-D NMR and IR) analysis. A 31p NMR kinetic study has been carried out on the two-step silylation reaction involved in the hydrolysis of the phosphonate esters and has provided activation parameters for the reaction. The kinetic analysis was refined using a computational method to give an improved fit with the experimental data. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR analysis, computer-simulated docking and enzyme inhibition assays have been used to evaluate the enzyme-binding and -inhibition potential of the synthesised ligands. Minimal to moderate inhibitory activity has been observed and several structure-activity relationships have been identified. In silica exploration of the DXR active site has revealed an additional binding pocket and information on the topology of the active site has led to the de novo design of a new series of potential ligands. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6489.pdf: 6160107 bytes, checksum: 81c1fddd8e696b53fe5fd98c9174ba24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The depletion of fossil fuels, the growing energy demand and the great need to reduce carbon emissions gradually increased the demand for new sources of renewable and clean energy. Bioethanol is obtained from the fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass, for example sugar cane, and can be considered a viable alternative. For this biomass can be used it is necessary to degrade the constituent molecules of the cell wall to fermentable sugars through the enzymes called cellulases. Among them there are three classes with different functions: the cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases. In order to contribute to the viability and deployment of ethanol production technologies, purification of two β- glucosidases of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum was performed, named in this work as ThBgl1 e ThBgl2, as well as their biophysical and biochemical characterization. Clones in study were obtained by a cloning platform, expression and purification of recombinant proteins in high performance and expressed in bacteria Escherichia coli. Through the functional characterization of proteins under study it was found that they had the optimum pH in the range of 5.5 and optimum temperature around 40ºC. Results of enzyme kinetics showed that ThBgl1 has higher preference (specificity) by cellobiose, while in ThBgl2 cellobiose is a substrate having low specificity. In ThBgl2 specificity is higher by fucosideos. Furthermore, it was observed the occurrence of transglycosylation catalyzed by β-glucosidases in study and the action of some inhibitors on its enzymatic activity. The three-dimensional analysis of these proteins revealed the presence of the barrel tim typical of family 1 of glycoside hydrolases. / O esgotamento das fontes de combustíveis fósseis, a crescente demanda energética e a grande necessidade de redução da emissão de carbono fizeram com que aumentasse gradativamente a procura por novas fontes de energia renováveis e limpas. O bioetanol obtido da fermentação de biomassas lignocelulósicas, como o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, pode ser considerado uma alternativa viável. Para que essa biomassa possa ser utilizada, faz-se necessário a degradação das moléculas constituintes da parede celular a açúcares fermentáveis por meio das enzimas chamadas celulases. Dentre elas existem três classes com diferentes funções: as celobiohidrolases, as endoglucanases e as β-glicosidades. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a viabilização e implantação de tecnologias de produção de etanol, foi realizada a purificação de duas β-glicosidases do fungo Trichoderma harzianum, denominadas nesse trabalho como ThBgl1 e ThBgl2, bem como sua caracterização bioquímica e biofísica. Os clones em estudo foram obtidos por meio de uma plataforma de clonagem, expressão e purificação de proteínas recombinantes em alto desempenho e expressos na bactéria Escherichia coli. Através da caracterização funcional das proteínas em estudo, verificou-se que elas apresentaram o pH ótimo na faixa de 5,5 e temperatura ótima em torno de 40ºC. Os resultados de cinética enzimática mostraram que ThBgl1 tem maior preferência (especificidade) por celobiose, enquanto na ThBgl2 a celobiose é um substrato com baixa especificidade. Na ThBgl2 a especificidade é maior por fucosídeos. Além disso, constatou-se a ocorrência de transglicosilação catalisada pelas β-glicosidases em estudo e a ação de alguns inibidores em sua atividade enzimática. A análise tridimensional dessas proteínas revelou a presença de um barril tim típico das hidrolases de glicosídeos da família 1.