Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72).

Transmission of digital information through a wireless channel with resolvable multipaths or a bandwidth limited channel results in intersymbol interference (1SI) among a number of adjacent symbols. The design of an equalizer is thus important to combat the ISI problem for these types of channels and hence provides reliable communication. Channel coding is used to provide reliable data transmission by adding controlled redundancy to the data. Turbo equalization (TE) is the joint design of channel coding and equalization to approach the achievable uniform input information rate of an ISI channel. The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate the different TE techniques used for a static frequency selective additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart is used to analyse the iterative equalization/decoding process and to determine the minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) in order to achieve convergence. The use of the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Linear Equalizer (LE) using a priori information has been shown to achieve the same performance compared with the optimal trellis based Maximum A Posterior (MAP) equalizer for long block lengths. Motivated by improving the performance of the MMSE LE, two equalization schemes are initially proposed: the MMSE Linear Equalizer with Extrinsic information Feedback (LE-EF (1) and (U)). A general structure for the MMSE LE, MMSE Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) and two MMSE LE-EF receivers, using a priori information is also presented. The EXIT chart is used to analyse the two proposed equalizers and their characteristics are compared to the existing MAP equalizer, MMSE LE and MMSE DFE. It is shown that the proposed MMSE LE-EF (1) does have an improved performance compared with the existing MMSE LE and approaches the MMSE Linear Equalizer with Perfect Extrinsic information Feedback (LE-PEF) only after a large number of iterations. For this reason the MMSE LE-EF is shown to suffer from the error propagation problem during the early iterations. A novel way to reduce the error propagation problem is proposed to further improve the performance of the MMSE LE-EF (I). The MAP equalizer was shown to offer a much improved performance over the MMSE equalizers, especially during the initial iterations. Motivated by using the good quality of the MAP equalizer during the early iterations and the hybrid MAP/MMSE LE-EF (l) is proposed in order to suppress the error propagation problem inherent in the MMSE LE-EF (I). The EXIT chart analysis reveals that the hybrid MAP/MMSE LE-EF (l) requires fewer iterations in order to achieve convergence relative to the MMSE LE-EF (l). Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid MAP/MMSE LE-EF (I) has a superior performance compared to the MMSE LE-EF (I) as well as approaches the performance of both the MAP equalizer and MMSE LE-PEF at high SNRs, at the cost of increased complexity relative to the MMSE LEEF (I) receiver. The final part of this dissertation considers the use of precoders in a TE system. It was shown in the literature that a precoder drastically improves the system performance. Motivated by this, the EXIT chart is used to analyse the characteristics of four different precoders for long block lengths. It was shown that using a precoder results in a loss in mutual information during the initial equalization stage. However" we show by analysis and simulations that this phenomenon is not observed in the equalization of all precoded channels. The slope of the transfer function, relating to the MAP equalization of a precoded ISI channel (MEP), during the high input mutual information values is shown to play an important role in determining the convergence of precoded TE systems. Simulation results are presented to show how the precoders' weight affects the convergence of TE systems. The design of the hybrid MAP/MEP equalizer is also proposed. We also show that the EXIT chart can be used to compute the trellis code capacity of a precoded ISI channel. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.51-53).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-213). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-92). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-72).

Orientador: Bárbara Janet Teruel Mederos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T15:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_ElaineCangussudeSouza_M.pdf: 1610597 bytes, checksum: 9136ba250ed9462c6fbb4d8204f73a4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo coletar dados de qualidade de sinal transmitido entre uma estação base e um nó sensor localizado no interior de uma casa de vegetação, localizada no campo experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola - UNICAMP, com o auxilio de ferramentas computacionais. No interior da casa de vegetação foi inserido um sistema hidropônico com bancadas que forneciam suporte para morangueiros da cultivar Albion. O conjunto de equipamentos e de nós sensores que foram utilizados para montar a rede é da marca Crossbow®. Após a implantação do nó sensor foram realizados experimentos com o objetivo de verificar alcance e qualidade do sinal de acordo com sua potência. Através desses ensaios foi possível concluir que uma Potência de Sinal com valor de -12,2 dBm seria suficiente para manter a transmissão entre Estação Base e Nó Sensor. Testes também foram realizados para uma Potência de Sinal de -9,2 dBm, e mostraram que a rede possuía qualidade classificada como "muito alta". Porém, através do teste de duração da bateria, nota-se que existe uma economia de energia ao utilizar a Potência de Sinal de -12,2 dBm. No geral, foi demonstrado que o valor da Potência de Sinal tem influência sobre a qualidade do sinal de transmissão e recepção, o gasto de bateria e o alcance do sinal. Assim, este é um importante parâmetro a ser considerado em um projeto de implantação de rede de sensores sem fio no meio agrícola / Abstract: This project aims to collect quality data signals transmitted between a base station and a sensor node located inside a greenhouse, which is a experimental field located in the College of Agricultural Engineering - UNICAMP, with help of computational tools. Inside the greenhouse, a hydroponic system with banks providing support for strawberry Albion was inserted. The set of sensor nodes and equipment that were used to assemble the network is the Crossbow® brand. After sensor node deployment, experiments were performed in order to check range and signal quality. Through these experiments, it was concluded that a RF power value of -12.2 dBm is sufficient to maintain transmissions between base station and the sensor. Tests were also performed to a RF power of -9.2 dBm, and showed that the network had quality rated as "very high". However, by testing the battery life, it is noted that there is an energy saving when the RF power of -12.2 dBm is used. Overall, it was shown that the value of the signal strength has an influence on the quality of signal transmission and reception, battery depletion and signal range. So, this is an important parameter to be considered in a project to establish network of wireless sensors in a agricultural environment / Mestrado / Maquinas Agricolas / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

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Orientador: Dalton Soares Arantes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:24:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_MarceloAugustoCosta_D.pdf: 2415805 bytes, checksum: 12387cfde0653c4e9f8d485796a811ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Nesta tese são investigadas e propostas diferentes técnicas de equalização e antenas adaptativas para sistemas CDMA e OFDM. No caso de sistemas CDMA, duas técnicas de equalização, em nível de chip, e um esquema de recepção com base em equalização e antenas inteligentes, também em nível de chip, são propostos. Este último esquema, denominado MT-STR (Multi-Target Space-Time Receiver), baseia-se na utilização de um conjunto de múltiplos objetivos em um receptor espaço-temporal. Para aplicações em sistemas OFDM, propõe-se uma técnica de equalização no domínio do tempo e uma outra técnica com antenas adaptativas também no domínio do tempo. As técnicas apresentadas para sistemas CDMA foram testadas e simuladas em uma plataforma de simulação especialmente desenvolvida para sistemas celulares de terceira geração (WCDMA- UMTS). Por outro lado, as técnicas propostas para OFDM foram testadas em uma plataforma de simulação desenvolvida para o Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital - SBTVD. No contexto dos trabalhos de desenvolvimento do SBTVD, desenvolveu-se também nesta tese um sub-sistema de sincronização para o Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital, implementado em dispositivos FPGA e integrado ao Sistema MI-SBTVD - Modulação Inovadora para o SBTVD / Abstract: Different techniques for equalization and adaptive antenna arrays for CDMA and OFDM systems are investigated and proposed in this thesis. For CDMA systems, two equalization techniques at chip level and a reception scheme based on joint equalization and smart antennas, also at chip level, are proposed. The latter scheme, a Multi-Target Space-Time Receiver - MT-STR, is based on a set of multiple objectives in a space-time receiver. For applications in OFDM systems, an equalization technique and an adaptive antenna array scheme, both in the time domain, are proposed. The techniques presented for CDMA systems have been tested and simulated on a software platform specifically designed for third generation cellular systems (WCDMA, UMTS). On the other hand, the proposed techniques for OFDM have been tested in a simulation platform specially developed for the Brazilian Digital Television System - SBTVD. In the context of the developments for the SBTVD project, an OFDM synchronization technique for an advanced DTV system has also been implemented in this thesis. This subsystem was implemented in FPGA devices and integrated to the MI-SBTVD (Innovative Modulation for the SBTVD) plataform / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientadores: Dalton Soares Arantes, Fabbryccio Akkazzha Chaves Machado Cardoso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T22:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_EstevanMarcelo_D.pdf: 5306029 bytes, checksum: 54cf032312d831b7efe9975406e1a28d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta tese propõe o emprego da equalização concorrente, pós- e pré-FFT, em sistemas OFDM. O objetivo é minimizar o uso das subportadoras pilotos e do prefixo cíclico sem que ocorra prejuízo no desempenho do sistema OFDM. A meta com esta iniciativa é aumentar a vazão dos dados e a área de cobertura de transmissão, quando comparado ao sistema convencional de estimação do canal assistido por pilotos e prefixo cíclico suficiente para evitar a interferência entre os símbolos. Duas propostas empregando a equalização concorrente são abordadas. A primeira proposta aplica o conceito da equalização concorrente a um banco de equalizadores no domínio da frequência, denominado de pós-FFT. O algoritmo proposto pode ser considerado semi-cego, porque utiliza a informação das subportadoras pilotos na inicialização, mantendo-se cego durante sua operação. Para suportar a equalização concorrente, o sistema deve prover pilotos apenas no primeiro símbolo de um super quadro, de modo a permitir que o algoritmo se inicialize quando o receptor for ligado ou quando a equalização for perdida. Nos demais símbolos do super quadro as subportadoras pilotos são destinadas ao transporte de informação visando o aumento da vazão do sistema. A outra proposta, realizada no domínio temporal e denominada de pré-FFT, é responsável pela mitigação da interferência entre os símbolos. A vantagem de realizar a equalização pré-FFT é melhorar o desempenho do sistema OFDM quando o espalhamento do canal é maior que o prefixo cíclico. O objetivo é empregar um algoritmo de adaptação para os coeficientes do equalizador pré-FFT, que retropropague o gradiente estocástico do erro medido na frequência para o tempo. Essa estratégia possibilita empregar informações previamente conhecidas sobre a constelação do sinal nas subportadoras, para se minimizar funções de custo associada aos parâmetros do equalizador. Além disso, é proposto um esquema para que os algoritmos CMA e SDD atuem de modo concorrente no processo de equalização / Abstract: This thesis proposes the use of concurrent post- and pre-FFT equalization in OFDM systems. The objective is to improve the OFDM system design by increasing data throughput without performance loss, when compared with pilot based conventional channel estimation techniques and sufficient cyclic prefix system. Two approaches of concurrent equalization are studied. The first exploits the concurrent equalization concept to develop an efficient post-FFT equalizer bank. The algorithm can be considered semi-blind because it uses channel information, obtained from pilot subcarriers, to initialize and to supervise the equalizer bank when pilots are presented, otherwise remaining blind during the equalization process. To support such concurrent equalization, the system should provide pilot subcarriers only in the first symbol of each OFDM super-frame, al-lowing algorithm initialization when the receiver is turned on. In the remaining super-frame symbols, pilot subcarriers can be suppressed to increase the overall system throughput. The second approach proposes a concurrent pre-FFT algorithm to be used with time domain equalizers. This strategy has the capability to mitigate the inter symbol interference and to minimize the cyclic prefix. The objective is to realize this task using an LMS-like algorithm to adapt the pre-FFT equalizer coefficients. The stochastic gradient based on the error signal for each subcarrier in the frequency domain is back-propagated to adapt the filter coefficients in the time domain. This strategy allows the use of a priori information about the subcarrier signal constellation to minimize cost functions such as the CMA and SDD. Moreover, we propose a scheme to use CMA- and SDD-like algorithms in a concurrent mode / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica