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Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-96). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Juliana Regina Peiró / Coorientador: Lina Maria Wehle Gomide / Flávia de Almeida Lucas / José Coprrêa de Lacerda Neto / Resumo: Nosso estudo avaliou as características biomecânicas (comprimento e frequência da passada, deslocamento dorsoventral, potência dorsoventral, propulsão, potência médio lateral e potência total) de potros da raça Mangalarga Marchador, comparando com os melhores animais adultos da propriedade com o objetivo de identificar precocemente características desejáveis da marcha. Foram avaliados doze potros nos primeiros quinze dias de vida e dez adultos, em uma mesma propriedade. A obtenção das variáveis cinemáticas e cinéticas foi realizada com o equipamento de análise de andamento Equimetrix (Centaure Métrix, Fontainebleau, France) e a velocidade acompanhada com uso de GPS preso no braço do treinador. Foi realizada a comparação dos dois grupos, ao passo e à marcha. Nossos resultados demonstraram que ao passo podem ser observadas precocemente nesta raça a frequência e a simetria desde o nascimento e a regularidade a partir do décimo primeiro dia de vida. Em relação à marcha, a regularidade foi o único parâmetro consistente desde o nascimento / Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of gait (length and frequency of the gait, dorsoventral displacement, dorsoventral power, propulsion, lateral power mean and total power) of foals and adult animals from Mangalarga Marchador breed to identify early characteristics of gait. Twelve foals were evaluated during the first 15 days of life and the results were compared to the mean values recorded from 10 adult horses. Kinematic and kinetic variables were obtained with Equimetrix (Centaure Métrix, Fontainebleau, France), and speed was monitored using a GPS attached to the trainer's arm. Step and marcha gait analyses were compared between groups. At walk, our results demonstrated that frequency and symmetry are similar to adults and can be observed early in foals since the day of birth whereas regularity is characteristic for this breed from the 11th day of life on. Regarding gait, regularity was the only consistent parameter since birth / Mestre

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Crystal Marie Welsh, for the Masters of Science degree in Equine Reproductive Physiology, presented on October 6, 2009, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DOPAMINERGIC AND ADRENERGIC NERVES IN THE EQUINE OVARY MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Sheryl S. King Dopamine (DA) appears to play a role in seasonal reproduction in the mare. We hypothesize that DA is delivered to the ovary by nerves. The objective of this study was to use immunohistochemical (IHC) localization to identify ovarian dopaminergic and adrenergic nerves. Ovaries were collected during anestrus (n=9) and cyclicity (n=11). Tissue was prepared for IHC using antibodies specific to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta hydroxylase (DβH). Microscopic evaluation was performed, comparing the numbers and distribution of TH– versus DβH–specific immunoreactive (IR) neurons. Catecholaminergic neurons were present in all ovaries. The preponderance (P<0.0001) of IR neurons were dopaminergic. Neurons were moderately dispersed throughout the ovarian medulla and lightly in the cortex. Moderate to heavy neuron density was also noted around blood vessels. Neither dopaminergic nor adrenergic neuron type was consistently associated with specific reproductive structures. These results indicate that catecholaminergic innervation does exist in the equine ovary. The presence of ovarian DA nerves supports our hypothesis that DA has a direct role in ovarian function in the equine, although the mechanism of this function requires further study.

The use of hydroponic feeding systems for horses has gained in popularity during recent years. Typically, this feeding system allows for a more efficient use of the whole plant, including the shoot, root, and seed remnants rather than traditional grazing in which only the shoot of the plant is consumed. Vertical systems have practical uses in largely developed areas where traditional forage sources are limited, in arid countries or in areas with severe droughts where forage growth is minimal. Though there is some research on fodder utilization in production animals, there are currently no published data on the effects of fodder in horses. Our study, approved by the Southern Illinois University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (#13-043) utilized eight Quarter Horse mares randomly assigned to one of two diets. Control (CON) horses were offered 2% of their body weight (BW) in hay (DM) and treatment (TRT) horses received 1% of their BW in hay (DM) and 1% of BW in fresh wheat fodder (AF) twice daily. Body weight and hoof temperature data were recorded weekly. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed for pH, NH3, and VFA concentration as well as DM, ash, NDF, ADF, N, CP, and EE. Hay and fodder samples were also collected weekly to monitor nutrient profiles of the two forage types for the duration of the study. Additionally, nutrient profiles from seed to mature (8 d growth) were developed for fodder. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using PROC MIXED of SAS (v. 9.4) and significance was established at P < 0.05. There were no significant differences in body weight, left or right front hoof temperatures between treatments. Fecal pH was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01) in the TRT when compared to CON, and isobutyric acid was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in TRT as compared to CON. A comparison of the nutrient values of the two forages demonstrated significantly higher DM, ash, NDF, and ADF (P <0.0001) in hay while N, CP, and EE (P <0.0001) were significantly higher in fodder overall. Daily growth of the fodder decreased DM content (P <0.0001) while ash, NDF, ADF, N, CP, and EE (P <0.0001) increased as the fodder reached maturity. These results indicate that utilizing fodder affects fecal metabolites associated with digestion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cfgkt_me_botfmvz.pdf: 393270 bytes, checksum: ad1edf8ad22007509a4b44b36c50f172 (MD5) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / A cólica, também denominada desconforto abdominal agudo, consiste em uma síndrome que acomete o trato gastrintestinal de eqüinos, provocando a diminuição do trânsito intestinal e aumento da produção de endotoxinas com o conseqüente aumento da permeabilidade do epitélio intestinal. Se esse processo não for controlado pode levar a lesões vasculares generalizadas, gerando a sintomatologia observada na cólica podendo evoluir para a morte por choque endotoxêmico. Com o objetivo de avaliar as possíveis alterações fisiopatológicas em eqüinos acometidos de cólica, utilizando os exames hematológicos, bioquímicos e do líquido peritoneal, foram colhidas amostras de sangue, soro e liquido peritoneal de nove eqüinos que apresentavam sintomas de abdômen agudo, como depressão, dor, alterações de comportamento (rolar no chão e olhar para o flanco) aumento do tempo de perfusão capilar e diminuição da motilidade intestinal, devido a distúrbios gastrintestinais (cólica), e de nove eqüinos saudáveis (grupo controle) comprovado por exames clínicos e confirmado pelos exames laboratoriais. Os valores médios observados nos eqüinos com cólica foram maiores que nos eqüinos do grupo controle no eritrograma, leucometria, uréia e creatinina (no soro e no líquido peritoneal). O exame do líquido peritoneal demonstrou aspecto turvo e cor avermelhada. Conclui-se que eqüinos acometidos com cólica apresentaram hemoconcentração, reação inflamatória e azotemia. O líquido peritoneal de eqüinos com desconforto abdominal agudo apresenta características de transudato modificado. E a elevação da concentração das enzimas séricas ALT, AST, CK, no sangue e no líquido peritoneal pode ser utilizada na abordagem clínica dos eqüinos com cólica. / Colic also known as acute abdominal pain, is a syndrome that affect the gastrointestinal tract of equines, leading to a decrease in the intestinal flow and increase in the productions of endotoxins with consequent increase in the intestinal epithelium permeability. If not controlled, this process could lead to generalized vascular lesions, and generating the colic symptoms, leading to death by endotoxemic chock. The goal of this work was to evaluate the possible alterations in equine colic, using the hematological, biochemistry and peritoneal fluid exams, were collect samples from nine horses that present symptoms of acute abdomen such as depression, pain, behavioral abnormalities (rolling and look to the side), increased capillary perfusion time and decreasing in the intestinal movements, due to gastrointestinal disturbances (colic), and nine healthy equines (control group), demonstrated by clinical and laboratory exams. The average values observed in the horses with colic were bigger than the equines from the control group in the eritrogram, leucogram, urea and creatinin (in the serum and plasma). The peritoneal fluid was turbid and reddish. In conclusion the equines with colic presented hemoconcentration, inflammatory reaction and azotemia. The peritoneal fluid of equines with acute abdominal presented the typical characteristics of modified transudate. And the elevation of serum and peritoneal fluid enzyme concentrations, such as ALT, AST and CK could be used in the clinical approach to equine colic.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dores_cb_me_botfmvz.pdf: 3161670 bytes, checksum: a11ca3c4c2058df1d9e382287df9e6b5 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A característica inerente às células-tronco embrionárias de se manterem estáveis durante longos períodos de cultivo possibilita que um grande número de células indiferenciadas sejam utilizadas em procedimentos terapêuticos ou realização de pesquisas. Aproximadamente 97 doenças genéticas equinas têm alta homologia com defeitos genéticos de humanos. O estudo de CTE de animais ungulados é útil no estudo de biofarmacos, engenharia genética e elucidação da embriogênese. Trabalhos sobre o isolamento, cultivo e caracterização do perfil genético de CTE equinas são escassos na literatura. No presente estudo, três diferentes métodos do isolamento da MCI foram testados em blastocistos equinos, avaliando o potencial de derivação de linhagens e a expressão do gene Oct-4: 1) separação mecânica (n=26), 2) imunocirurgia (n=6), 3) aspiração por micromanipulação (n=4). Todas as MCI foram cultivadas nas mesmas condições: monocamada de fibroblastos inativadas, meio DMEM/F12 suplementado com LIF, soro fetal bovino, aminoácidos não essenciais, sódio piruvato, l-glutamina e 2-mercaptoetanol. A eficácia do isolamento da MCI e o estabelecimento de linhagens foram avaliados quanto à adesão, aspectos morfológicos dos agregados celulares e velocidade de crescimento. As linhagens estabelecidas foram caracterizadas pela expressão do gene Oct-4 e Nanog. Nenhuma das MCI isoladas do grupo 3 aderiram à placa, e todas morreram entre 48 e 72 horas de cultivo. No grupo 1, uma MCI apresentou crescimento satisfatório apenas durante o cultivo primário. Colônias foram estabelecidas no grupo 2 e, após a segunda passagem, as células foram avaliadas e congeladas. Utilizou-se a RT-PCR para a detecção da expressão dos genes Oct-4 e Nanog em amostras de CTE, anel coriônico e fibroblastos fetais equinos. Todas as amostras expressaram o gene Oct-4, mostrando que o gene é expresso... / The ability of Embryonic Stem cells to be maintained during extended culture periods would support the existence of large pools of undifferentiated stem cells for therapeutic and research applications. Approximately 97 equine genetic diseases have high homology to human genetic defects. ES cell lines from domestic ungulates would also be useful for disease resistance, for biopharming, and in genetic engineering. Studies of the isolation of equine embryonic stem cells and their genetic expression are quite limited. In the present study three different experimental approaches were used for ICM isolation from day 8 blastocysts and further ES cell line derivation and OCT-4 and Nanog expression: 1. Mechanical Process (26), 2. Immunosurgery (6) and 3. Aspiration of the ICM (4). All the ICM were maintained at the same conditions: under inactivated murine fibroblast feeder support in medium supplemented with Leukemia Inhibitor Factor, Fetal Calf Serum, Non essential amino acids, Sodium Pyruvate, L-Glutamine and 2-Mercaptoethanol changed every 24 hours. The colonies were evaluated by attachment, size and shape, type of cells and rate of growth. In addition, established ES cell colonies were characterized by OCT-4 expression. Only ICM outgrowths and colonies containing circular, small, and high ratio nucleo:cytoplasm cells were considered and passaged. None ICM from group 3 attached and all died after 48 to 72 hours after isolation. In group 1, one ICM had successful development but died after the first passage. Colonies were established from group 2. And after proliferation for 2 passages the cells were analyzed and frozen. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the OCT-4 expression from ES cells, fetal fibroblast and day 32-34 chorionic girdle samples. All samples were positive for OCT-4 expression, showing that the OCT-4 is expressed in both ICM cells and the trophectoderm derived cells... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 blanco_idp_me_botfmvz.pdf: 957805 bytes, checksum: d8fe74b65ba19ca53f1ec69c651d4a0a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Em éguas, o aprimoramento e a aplicação de técnicas como a ICSI, TO e transferência nuclear é restrita devido à dificuldade de obtenção de oócitos in vivo, atribuída a particularidades dos folículos ovarianos da espécie. Em folículos pré-ovulatórios, a expansão do cumulus que ocorre com a progressão da maturação folicular e deposição de ácido hialurônico aumenta os índices de recuperação de oócitos por folículo, enquanto o tratamento superovulatório, embora não seja eficiente em aumentar os índices de recuperação por folículo, melhora os índices de recuperação por égua. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da administração de hCG na expansão das células da granulosa e do cumulus e no índice de recuperação de oócitos a partir de folículos imaturos de éguas superovuladas. Para isso 10 éguas foram submetidas à OPU após três diferentes tratamentos hormonais (G1: EPE, G2: EPE/hCG e G3:controle). Cada égua foi submetida aos três tratamentos, tendo sido alternados um ciclo onde era permitido que houvesse ovulação, sem interferência, e um ciclo com OPU. No ciclo onde devia ocorrer aspiração, as éguas recebiam aplicações de prostaglandina no sétimo e oitavo dia após a ovulação. Para os grupos 1 e 2, iniciava-se o tratamento com EPE no D7. Quando a maioria dos folículos atingia entre 22 e 27 mm, somente o grupo 1 recebia hCG, a EPE era suspensa e efetuava-se OPU 24 horas depois para ambos os grupos. Para o grupo controle, após a aplicação de prostaglandina a OPU era efetuada 24 horas após o folículo dominante atingir 27-30 mm. Em todos os grupos foram aspirados folículos entre 10 e 35 mm. Não houve diferença entre os 3 grupos quanto aos índices de recuperação de oócitos por folículo, com médias de 15% a 16,7%. Entretanto, a hCG foi capaz de induzir uma expansão e luteinização precoce das células foliculares. / In mares, the use of artificial reproductive techniques (ART) such as intracitoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI), oocyte transfer (OT), and cloning is limited by the low availability of oocytes obtained either in vitro or in vivo. The low recovery rate of oocytes from immature follicles seems to be linked with anatomical particularities of the follicular wall. In pre-ovulatory follicles (>35mm in diameter), final oocyte maturation is accompanied by the expansion of the cumulus, which releases the oocyte from the follicular wall resulting in increased recovery rates after follicular aspiration. The number of oocytes recovered in each OPU (Ovum Pick Up) section should be higher with superovulation. However, although the total number of oocytes recovered by each individual mare is increased, the recovery rate per follicle is still low. Treatment with hCG modifies the intra-follicular environment by inducing precocious expansion of the granulosa cells, leading to a higher recovery rate during OPU of pre-ovulatory follicles. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of hCG treatment on the recovery rate of oocytes obtained from immature follicles in mares superovulated with Equine Pituitary Extract (EPE). Ten mares were rotated in three different treatments: G1 – superovulated with EPE; G2 – Superovulated with EPE and treated with hCG, and G3 – Control. For all treatments, when the biggest follicle reached 27 – 30 mm, all follicles bigger than 10 mm were aspirated. Each OPU cycle was alternated with a rest cycle when a spontaneous ovulation occurred. Although treatment with hCG increased the number of follicles presenting expanded granulosa and high intra-follicular progesterone concentration, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding oocyte recovery.