Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Crisostomo Paiva da Silva.pdf: 948356 bytes, checksum: 75f6b4bfe4911255ed9aef7574ce4d5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / The paper's main objective is to analyze the social security reform for civil servants, which are governed by their own pension arrangements. The study is descriptive and bibliographic and aims to show the changes caused by welfare reform, made from the enactment of Constitutional Amendment No. 20, 1998, and the remaining: Amendments 41, and 47, 2003, 2005, in the life of civil servants of the Union. A major challenge facing pension schemes, whether public or private, is without a doubt, the past and manage the transition to the new reality. When it come to the past, there is nothing to be done except keeping the attention and responsible management; and as for the transition, the alternative to speed it up by including in the current server still remains and is already provided in the supplementary pension reform We conclude that the implementation of pension reform in Brazil, due to the growth of the economy and the changing age structure of population, becomes a necessary measure. The demographic dividend, handled properly will bring high socio-economic benefits to society. / A dissertação tem como objetivo, analisar a reforma da previdência social para os servidores públicos, os quais são regidos pelo regime próprio de previdência. O estudo é descritivo, e bibliográfico e pretende mostrar as modificações provocadas pela reforma da previdência, efetuadas a partir da promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº 20, de 1998, e, as demais: Emendas 41, de 2003 e 47, de 2005, na vida do servidor público civil da União. Um grande desafio que se impõe aos regimes previdenciários, seja público ou privado, é, sem dúvida, administrar o passado e a transição para a nova realidade. Com relação ao passado não há o que fazer, salvo manter a atenção e a gerência responsável, e, quanto à transição, resta a alternativa de acelerá-la, mediante a inclusão dos atuais servidores no regime complementar já previsto na Reforma da Previdência. Concluímos que a realização da reforma da previdência no Brasil, em função do crescimento da economia e da mudança na estrutura etária da população, torna-se uma medida necessária. O dividendo demográfico, caso aproveitado de forma adequada, trará elevados benefícios socioeconômicos para a sociedade.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Land reform is currently high on the agenda of the current government. This is because many people believe that land reform is a valuable tool in addressing the land question and combating poverty in South Africa. It is also evident that government and experts on land reform are clear that in order to enhance land reform in the country, the land must be used to improve the livelihoods of those who need it the most. It is also pivotal that land reform is successful in order to ensure food security. It is important to evaluate these types of land reform models in order to gain valuable insights and lessons that can enhance successful land reform projects in the country that can also serve as a manual for farmers and governments. Although much research focuses on the failure of land reform projects, this research focuses on a successful land redistribution programme that improved the livelihoods of rural people. More specifically, this research critically evaluated the Bergland Development Trust (BDT) land reform project in the Porterville region in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The BDT land reform project is a joint venture between the workers of the Berghoff Farm and their employer, the farmer who also served as a valuable mentor to them. My research found that BDT land reform project improved the livelihoods of the beneficiaries of the project. The BDT beneficiaries earn a sustainable income which, in turn, helps them to buy clothes, vehicles, and enrol their children at the local former ‘Model C’ school. Furthermore, active participation in the project has enhanced the self-image and bargaining power of the beneficiaries which, in turn, extended their livelihoods base. This study is guided by the sustainable livelihoods approach to development. This study critically analysed the factors contributing to their successes and also explored the lessons it holds for other land reform projects. A qualitative research design was employed in order to obtain the necessary data for the research. The data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with the management of the Bergland Development Trust land reform project. After a critical assessment of the BDT land reform project, the recommendations will be forwarded to the Local Government and other projects that will benefit from the experiences of the BDT land reform project.