ErbB2 est un récepteur à activité tyrosine kinase dont la surexpression dans le cancer du sein est corrélée à un mauvais pronostic. Son activation induit de nombreuses voies de signalisation. L'objectif de notre travail était d'étudier le réseau de signalisation associé à la migration dépendante d'ErbB2 et de déterminer la contribution des microtubules à ce processus.ErbB2 recrute un module de signalisation qui comporte l'effecteur Memo, la GTPase RhoA, et la formine mDia1. Ce module réprime GSK3, pour permettre la localisation à la membrane plasmique d'un complexe de capture des microtubules comprenant le suppresseur de tumeur APC et la spectraplakine ACF7.La voie Memo/ACF7 est impliquée dans le chimiotactisme via la capture des microtubules ainsi que la phospholipase PLCγ1, un autre effecteur d'ErbB2 qui participe également à la capture des microtubules. Sa signalisation rejoint la voie Memo en amont de GSK3 via les PKC classiques. PLCγ1 agit aussi via aPKCζ.PI3K est également impliquée dans le chimiotactisme grâce à la stabilisation des microtubules. Elle implique l'inhibition de GSK3 et la phosphorylation de la Stathmine par la kinase PAK1.Sur la base de ces résultats, nous proposons un modèle, basé sur un processus en deux étapes. Tout d'abord, les microtubules sont capturés lors de la formation de la protrusion cellulaire. Puis, ils sont stabilisées à l'avant des cellules. Ces deux étapes sont régies par des voies de signalisation différentes qui coordonnent la capture des microtubules et la stabilité des microtubules pour contrôler la réponse chimiotactique. / ErbB2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase who's over expression in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis. Upon activation, ErbB2 induces numerous signaling pathways. Our aim is to investigate the signaling network associated with ErbB2-driven migration and to determine the contribution of microtubules to migration.ErbB2 recruits a signaling module including the ErbB2 effector Memo, the GTPase RhoA, and the formin mDia1. It represses GSK3 activity, to allow the localization to the plasma membrane of a microtubule capture complex comprising the tumor suppressor APC and the spectraplakin ACF7.Memo/ACF7 pathway is involved in chemotaxis via microtubule capture. PLCγ1, another effector of ErbB2, also participates in microtubule capture. It joins Memo pathway via classic PKCs upstream GSK3, and also acts via aPKCζ. PI3K is involved in chemotaxis through microtubule stabilization. Our results suggested that PI3K-dependent microtubules stabilization involves inhibition of GSK3 activity and phosphorylation of Stathmin via PAK1 activity.Defects in microtubule capture/stability are closely correlated with chemotaxis disturbances and rescue of microtubules within cell protrusion re-establishes cell orientation.We propose a model based on a two-step process to explain regulation of microtubule dynamics downstream of ErbB2. First, microtubules are captured during the formation of cell protrusions. Then they are stabilized at the cell front. These two steps are governed by different signaling pathways that coordinate microtubule capture and microtubule stability to control chemotaxis.

The membrane mucin Muc4 is a heterodimer, bi-functional glycoprotein complex that is normally expressed in epithelial tissue. Functional studies on the extracellular mucin subunit of Muc4 have shown that it acts to promote anti-adhesion properties by sterically interfering with cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and that the extent of this effect is directly associated with the number of tandem repeats on this subunit. Functional studies on the transmembrane subunit of Muc4 have shown that this subunit participates in intracellular signaling through interaction with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2. This role of Muc4 was shown to be mediated by stabilizing the heregulin ligand-induced ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimer through interference with the internalization process of these receptors, thus potentiating the PI3K, a survival-signaling pathway that is mediated by this heterodimer. However, Muc4 was also shown to potentiate ErbB2 phosphorylation in the absence of heregulin by an unknown mechanism. The aim of this work was to examine the role of Muc4 in intracellular signaling by evaluating the ligand-independent Muc4-ErbB2 interaction. Biochemical analyses of A375 human melanoma cells expressing Muc4 under different cell treatments, and probed with phospho-specific antibodies, were used to understand the mechanism. An antibody microarray screen was used to decipher the intracellular activated signaling pathways. The results of the mechanistic analysis indicated that Muc4 potentiates ErbB2 signaling significantly by interacting with ErbB2 and ErbB3 and by stabilizing the kinase active ErbB2 receptor, thus increasing its phosphorylation signal half-life and resulting in sustained ErbB2 signaling. The signaling pathway analysis suggests that through Muc4 direct interaction with ErbB2, signaling pathways that promote loss of cell polarity are activated. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is mediated by interference with the cadherin-catenin complex stability, and loss of cell-matrix adhesion is mediated by facilitating focal adhesion turnover. Together, these results suggest that Muc4 is a potent oncogenic factor, and further enhance our understanding of the role that Muc4 plays in ligand-independent intracellular signaling.