No description available.

The problem investigated was to compare the effects of orders of presentation and anchors on the ratings of perceived exertion obtained during bicycle ergometry. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, the following findings were apparent: 1. It was found that there were no significant differences in mean scores of perceived exertion obtained among the orders of presentation, ascending, descending, and random. 2. It was found that the light anchor mean score was significantly greater than those of the heavy or identical anchor. 3. It was found that there were significant differences among the ratings of perceived exertion that may be attributed to changes in work loads. 4. It was found that there were significant differences among the mean scores of ratings of perceived exertion that may be attributed to the interaction of the main effects. As a result of the findings, the following conclusions were deemed appropriate within the limitations of the study: 1. Ratings of perceived exertion in ascending and random order increased proportionately in value as the work load increases. 2. Contrast effects are present in ratings of perceived exertion obtained during bicycle ergometry. 3. The majority of previous findings agree with the present research with respect to anchors and orders of presentation. 4. Light anchors and ascending orders of presentation make work appear to be more strenuous than what it actually is. 5. Heavy anchors and descending orders of presentation make work appear to be less strenuous than what it actually is.

No description available.

Purpose. To investigate the validity of the Sense Wear Pro Armband (SWA) to measure energy expenditure (EE) in healthy participants using wheelchair ergometry as an exercise modality. Method. Minute by minute EE was measured simultaneously using the SWA and indirect calorimetry(IC) during three different wheeling speeds including self-selected speed (0.81 m/s), moderate speed (1.11 m/s), and fast speed (1.73 m/s). Results. Twenty healthy volunteers (age = 34.0 (5.8) years)participated. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were 0.50 (p=0.010), 0.59 (p=0.003), and 0.68 (p=0.000) for the self-selected speed, moderate speed, and fast speed wheeling, respectively. The SWA overestimated EE 57.8%, 57.4 %, and 63.7% for self-selected speed, moderate speed, and fast speed, respectively. Conclusions. The SWA failed to provide an accurate estimate of EE as measured by indirect calorimetry for wheelchair ergometry exercise in healthy subjects. The SWA overestimated EE for all exercise intensities. / REHABILITATION SCIENCE-PHYSICAL THERAPY

No description available.

The detection of in-stent restenosis is important in clinical practice by providing useful information to guide therapy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise test (ET) in the detection of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stent conventional implantation (Stent-ATC) and, as a gold standard, coronary angiography. We studied 25 asymptomatic patients, aged between 44 and 83 years, who underwent PTCA-Stent for at least six months. The patients underwent TE employing the Bruce protocol. The positivity criteria for ischemia was ST segment depression > 1mm, measured at the J point and with horizontal or descending. The results obtained in TE were compared with those of coronary angiography is considered the in-stent restenosis lesions with obstruction > 50%. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value and negative procedure. Of the individuals studied, 10 (40%) had in-stent restenosis by angiographic criteria, and only 3 (12%) had positive TST tests for ischemia. The relationship between the TE and coronary angiography was not significant (p = 0.315), indicating that the tests are independent. The concordance between the diagnoses was low (Kappa coefficient: 0.151), the same occurring with the sensitivity (20%). The specificity of the test was high (93%) and positive predictive value 65.56% and negative predictive value 63.63%. The overall efficiency of the test is estimated with accuracy low 63.98%. We conclude that the TE has low sensitivity and high specificity in detecting in-stent restenosis in asymptomatic patients. The overall efficiency of ET is low. / A detecção da reestenose intrastent é importante na prática clínica fornecendo informações úteis para a orientação terapêutica. Os objetivos deste estudo foram, avaliar a eficácia do teste ergométrico (TE) na detecção de reestenose após angioplastia transluminal coronariana com implante de stent convencional (ATC-stent), comparando este método com os resultados obtidos com a cineangiocoronariografia. Foram estudados 25 pacientes assintomáticos, com idade entre 44 e 83 anos, que realizaram ATC-stent há, no mínimo, seis meses e no máximo um ano. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao TE empregando-se o protocolo de Bruce. O critério de positividade para isquemia foi o infra-desnivelamento do segmento ST > 1mm, aferido no ponto J e com morfologia horizontal ou descendente. Os resultados obtidos no TE foram comparados com aqueles da cineangiocoronariografia sendo considerada como reestenose intrastent a presença de lesões com obstrução >50%. Foram estimadas a sensibilidade e especificidade e o valor preditivo positivo e negativo do procedimento. Dos indivíduos estudados, 10 (40%) apresentaram reestenose intrastent pelo critério angiográfico e apenas 3 (12%) tiveram TE positivo para isquemia. A relação entre o TE e a cineangiocoronariografia não foi significativa (p=0,315), indicando que os testes são independentes. A concordância entre os diagnósticos foi baixa (coeficiente Kappa: 0,151), o mesmo ocorrendo com a sensibilidade (20%). A especificidade do TE foi elevada (93%), sendo o valor preditivo positivo 65,56% e o valor preditivo negativo 63,63%. A eficiência global do teste é baixa com acurácia estimada em 63,98%. Em conclusão, nas condições estudadas o TE tem baixa sensibilidade e alta especificidade na detecção de reestenose intrastent em pacientes assintomáticos. A eficiência global do TE é baixa. / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

Seven male subjects exercised for 1, 3, 10 and 20 min on a cycle ergometer at 20, 60 and 80% {Mathematical expression}, and then held to fatigue a sustained contraction of the quadriceps at 40% maximal voluntary contraction in order to determine what influence various levels of dynamic exercise would have on isometric function of the same group of muscles. Muscle temperature was measured before and within 15 s of the completion of the cycling to determine whether changes in muscle temperature might influence the subsequent isometric perormance. Isometric endurance was shorter as the severity of the cycling increased beyond 20% {Mathematical expression}, and as the duration of cycling increased up to 10 min. There were discrete linear relationships between muscle temperature and isometric endurance associated with cycling at 60% and 80% {Mathematical expression}. There was a direct inverse relationship between quadriceps strength after cycling and muscle temperature, yet a significant reduction in strength occurred only after cycling at 80% {Mathematical expression}. These results suggest that the encroachment on endurance and strength are controlled by different mechanisms. The heart rates during the isometric contractions were dependent on the preceding rhythmic exercise and decreased after exercise at 60 or 80% {Mathematical expression}. In contrast, the blood pressure always increased during the isometric contractions, reaching similar values at the point of fatigue, regardless of the severity of the previous rhythmic exercise. These data provide additional evidence that separate mechanisms control changes in heart rate and blood pressure.

The purpose of this study was to develop a multiple linear regression model to predict treadmill VO2max scores using both exercise and nonexercise data. One hundred five college-aged participants (53 male, 52 female, mean age 23.5 ± 2.8 yrs) successfully completed a submaximal cycle ergometer test and a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a motorized treadmill. The submaximal cycle protocol required participants to achieve a steady-state heart rate (HR) equal to at least 70% of age-predicted maximum HR (220-age), while the maximal treadmill GXT required participants to exercise to volitional fatigue. Relevant submaximal cycle ergometer test data included a mean (± SD) ending steady-state HR and ending workrate equal to 164.2 ± 13.0 and 115.3 ± 27.0, respectively. Relevant nonexercise data included a mean (± SD) body mass (kg), perceived functional ability [PFA] score, and physical activity rating [PA-R] score of 74.2 ± 15.1, 15.7 ± 4.3, and 4.7 ± 2.1, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to generate the following prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness (R = 0.91, SEE = 3.36 ml∙kg-¹∙min-¹): VO2max = 54.513 + 9.752 (gender, 1 = male, 0 = female) − 0.297 (body mass, kg) + 0.739 (PFA, 2-26) + 0.077 (work rate, watts) − 0.072 (steady-state HR). Each predictor variable was statistically significant (p < .05) with beta weights for gender, body mass, PFA, exercise workrate, and steady-state HR equal to 0.594, -0.544, 0.388, 0.305, and -0.116, respectively. The predicted residual sums of squares (PRESS) statistics reflected minimal shrinkage (RPRESS = 0.90, SEEPRESS = 3.56 ml∙kg-¹∙min-¹) for the multiple linear regression model. In summary, the submaximal cycle ergometer protocol and accompanying prediction model yield relatively accurate VO2max estimates in healthy college-aged participants using both exercise and nonexercise data.

The primary purpose of this study was to test the predictions of the Dual-mode theory using arm ergometry as the exercise modality. It was hypothesized that changes in affect during exercise would be greater in high (105% GET) and low (80% GET) intensity exercise conditions than in a control condition, while differences in affect would be observed between exercise conditions. In addition, it was predicted that during recovery, there would be no differences in affect between the exercise conditions. Study participants were 24 physically active men. A within-subjects design was used. Affect was measured using the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List (Thayer, 1986) and the State Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1970). Cognitive (i.e., self-efficacy, enjoyment) and physiological (i.e., heart rate, pain, perceived exertion) mediators of the exercise-affect relationship were also examined. Results showed that during exercise, changes in affect were greater in the exercise conditions than the control condition, and affective valence in the exercise conditions declined relative to the control condition. In partial support of the Dual-mode theory, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between below GET exercise and affect, whereas pain mediated the relationship between above GET exercise and affect. During recovery, arousal was higher in the exercise conditions compared to control, affective valence was less positive compared to control, and state anxiety did not differ across conditions. Finally, there were no significant differences between the two exercise conditions on any of the affect measures. These findings highlight the importance of exercise intensity to the affective benefits of exercise. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), participation in regular exercise can enhance physical capacity and performance in activities of daily living. With this in mind, the use of subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may provide an easy-to-administer alternative to traditional methods of regulating exercise intensity (e.g. heart rate and power output (PO)). A physically active lifestyle is also associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, in part because exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Examining the plasma response of inflammation-mediating chemical messengers, known as cytokines, to traditional and novel exercise modalities may help maximise the anti-inflammatory potential of regular exercise. Participants with a cervical level SCI successfully self-regulated a 20 min bout of moderate intensity wheelchair propulsion (Chapter three). No differences in physiological or PO responses were observed during the imposed-intensity and self-regulated wheelchair propulsion in the trained population group. In a non-SCI group of novice wheelchair-users, a differentiated RPE specific to the exercising muscle mass (RPEP) was the dominant perceptual signal during submaximal wheelchair propulsion (Chapter four). The novice group successfully self-regulated a 12 min bout of moderate intensity wheelchair propulsion, comprising of a discontinuous 3 x 4 min protocol, using differentiated RPEP. In contrast, a more accurate self-regulation of light intensity wheelchair propulsion was observed when employing traditional overall RPE compared to RPEP. Following strenuous wheelchair propulsion, plasma concentrations of the inflammation-mediating cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated in non-SCI and thoracic level SCI participants (Chapter five). Impaired sympathetic nervous system (SNS) function was associated with a reduced IL-6 response in participants with a cervical level SCI. The plasma IL-6 response to 30 min moderate intensity (60% VO2peak) arm-crank ergometry (ACE) was associated with an elevation in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) independent of SNS activation (Chapter six). Light intensity ACE resulted in a small, significant plasma IL-6 response but no IL-1ra response. The addition of functional electrical stimulation-evoked lower-limb cycling to concurrent hand cycling, termed hybrid exercise, resulted in a greater plasma IL-6 response compared to moderate intensity hand cycling alone in participants with a thoracic level SCI (Chapter seven).