Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:51:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_pm_me_bauru.pdf: 1027646 bytes, checksum: 52a6a7a855cf9ba188c132937bf8cc82 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as condições ergonômicas que interferem nas atividades laborais do enfermeiro, visando à melhoria das condições operacionais e organizacionais de suas atividades. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, realizou-se a análise ergonômica dos postos de trabalho de uma enfermaria feminina de uma Santa Casa de Misericórdia e também a análise ambiental visando o conforto dos trabalhadores conforme determina a NR 17 - Ergonomia, através das avaliações de iluminação e dos níveis de ruído do local. Para a avaliação dos postos de trabalho, dividiu-se a pesquisa em quatro fases: análise do ambiente físico, análise da organização do trabalho, análise da população trabalhadora e análise do posto de trabalho. No estudo, constatou-se não conformidades ergonômicas do local, dificultando as realizações das tarefas executadas pelos enfermeiros, causando estresse e desinteresse pela atividade. Os estudos ergonômicos das funções de trabalho visaram estabelecer parâmetros que permitam a adequação das condições de trabalho às características psicofisiológicas e biomecânicas inerentes aos trabalhadores. Na análise das condições de trabalho incluíram-se aspectos relacionados ao levantamento, transporte e descarga de materiais; aos movimentos repetitivos; ao mobiliário; aos equipamentos e às condições ambientais dos postos de trabalho e a própria organização do trabalho. Verificou-se nas avaliações ambientais que a iluminância da enfermaria encontra-se abaixo dos valores determinados pela NBR 5413 - Iluminâncias de interiores, e que os níveis de ruído, segundo a NBR 10152 - Níveis de ruído para conforto acústico, estão acima dos normalizados. Mediante essas considerações foram propostas melhorias nas condições de trabalho, assim como um projeto de iluminação, a fim desta enfermaria melhorar as condições de acordo com as normas da NR-17 / This study had as objective to identify and to analyze the ergonomic conditions that intervene with the labor activities of the nurse, aiming to the improvement of the operational and organizational conditions of its activities. At the development of the work, it was become fulfilled ergonomic analysis of the working spots of a feminine nurse at a given hospital, and also the ambient analysis aiming to the workers' comfort in agreement to norm 17 NR - Ergonomics, through the evaluations of illumination and the levels of noise at these places. For the evaluation of the working spots, the research has been divided in four stages: analysis of the physical environment, analysis of the organization of the work, analysis of the diligent population and analysis of the working spot. In the study non ergonomic conformity at the place was evidenced, making it difficult the accomplishments of the tasks executed by the nurses, causing disinterest in the activity and stress. The ergonomic studies of the functions of the work had aimed to establish parameters that allow the adequacy of the working conditions to the inherited psycophisiologics and biomechanical characteristics of the workers. In the analysis of the work conditions, aspects related to lifting, transport and discharge of materials have been included, such as to repetitive movements, the furniture, the equipment and the ambient conditions of the working spots and the working organization itself. It was verified in the ambient evaluations that the luminance of the infirmary is below the values determined by the NBR 5413 - luminance of interiors, and that the levels of noise according to NBR 10152 - levels of noise for acoustic comfort, are above-normal. Taking everything into account, proposals of improvements in the work conditions have been proposed, as well as a project of illumination for the infirmary, to improve the conditions in accordance to the norms of the NR -17

El sector textil de la confección es la actividad manufacturera más importante del país con el 16.5% de las empresas dedicadas a la confección de vestimenta. Sin embargo, la fuerte demanda de prendas de vestir ha generado problemas dentro del flujo productivo los cuales afectan la productividad. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación analiza el problema de la baja productividad en el área de costura, la cual, en el presente caso, ocasiona incumplimientos y sobrecostos operativos. Las causas principales que generan el problema central están relacionadas con el planeamiento de materiales, la gestión de calidad y las inadecuadas condiciones ergonómicas. En base a ello, se desarrolló un modelo de mejora basado en la aplicación de herramientas Lean y la ejecución de plan de abastecimiento (MRP), el cual tiene un enfoque de mejora continua desarrollado bajo la metodología Kaizen. Dicho modelo propone la mejora del flujo productivo mediante la eliminación de actividades que no generan valor a la cadena productiva; asimismo, ejecuta la mejora de las condiciones laborales basándose la redistribución de áreas de trabajo y políticas de orden y limpieza, lo cual logra reducir el esfuerzo operacional e incrementar la eficiencia; por último, el modelo restablece y mejora la cadena de abastecimiento de materia prima mediante el desarrollo de MRP, logrando reducir la cantidad de paradas de producción por desabastecimiento. Con la mejora de dichos factores que afectan directamente al problema principal, se logra incrementar la productividad en un 20%, lo cual puede ir mejorando a medida que la curva de aprendizaje de los trabajadores llegue a su máximo nivel. Esta nueva solución industrial permitirá a las empresas del sector textil ser más competitivas en el mercado y adaptarlas a sus necesidades. / The main purpose of using Lean Manufacturing tools are to increase productivity, improve product quality, reduce inventory, reduce lead time, and eliminate manufacturing waste or non-value-added activities. Garment manufacturing companies follow a conventional production system and face problems related to long production times, poor line balance, long material movement and transport, and ergonomic problems. The main objective of this research is to improve productivity by minimizing and eliminating waste within the production line in such a way as to increase market competition through the execution of a supply plan and the application of different Lean Manufacturing tools such as: 5'S, SLP, standardization of work through the study of time and line balancing; all based on the Kaizen methodology which works under a continuous improvement approach. Within the investigation, it has been possible to identify a high level of defective product, a poor balance of the production line, excessive transfer times and a low operational efficiency caused by inadequate ergonomic conditions. Based on the critical factors identified, which severely affect productivity, a model was developed based on the application of Lean tools and the preparation of an MRP supply plan, where the observed results involve, the reduction of the product index defective in 10.61%, the decrease to 9.95% of orders of stock-out production and the increase of the operating efficiency in 10.20%. The implementation of these new manufacturing practices contributed to a 20% increase in productivity, which can lead to constant improvement in product quality and contribute to business economic sustainability. / Trabajo de investigación