Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la simulation par mannequins numériques de l’homme (en anglais Digital Human models ou DHM) en vue d’applications ergonomiques. Plus précisément, il s’intéresse à la modélisation du système musculosquelettique et des efforts musculaires développés au cours du mouvement.Dans un première partie est présenté le développement numérique de modèles musculosquelettiques du membre inférieur et supérieur sous l’environnement Matlab. Ces modèles ont été évalués par examen des bras de levier musculaires pour la géométrie, et par comparaison avec des mesures expérimentales de couples articulaires maximaux (FMV) pour les efforts prédits.Dans une seconde partie, le modèle musculosquelettique du membre inférieur a été utilisé pour évaluer le rôle des muscles bi-articulaires au cours de la marche. Pour cela deux méthodes de calcul des efforts musculaires ont été utilisées, permettant de mettre en évidence les particularités fonctionnelles de ces muscles. Les résultats indiquent notamment que la prise en compte des muscles bi-articulaires est nécessaire à une estimation correcte des efforts musculaires et des efforts de contact articulaires, potentielles sources d’inconfort.Puis ont été étudiés les capacités d’effort maximale en flexion-extension isométrique du coude. L’expérimentation a été effectuée au sein de l’INRETS de Bron et comprenait 9 sujets volontaires masculins. Cette étude a permis d’évaluer le modèle numérique développé en termes de prédiction de capacités d’effort, ainsi que d’ouvrir la voie à des méthodes de scaling permettant d’ajuster un modèle musculosquelettique au sujet étudié. / This work deals with the use of Digital Human models (DHM) for ergonomic applications. More precisely, it focuses on the modelling of the musculoskeletal system and muscular forces developed during movement.In the first part, the development of numerical musculoskeletal models of the lower and upper limbs under the Matlab environment is presented. These models were evaluated by examination of the muscles’ lever arms (for geometry) and by experimental measurements of maximum voluntary force (MVF) (for predicted muscle forces).In a second part, the lower limb muscular model was used to evaluate the role of biarticular muscles during gait. To achieve this, two methods were used, allowing to highlight the functional specificities of these muscles. The results indicate in particular that taking into account biarticular muscles is necessary to a correct estimation of muscle forces and joint contact forces, which are potential discomfort sources.Finally, the maximal force capacity of isometric elbow flexion-extension has been studied. The goal was to set up scaling methods allowing to fit the muscular model to the studied subject’s capacities. The experiment took place at INRETS, and implicated 9 male voluntary subjects. This study allowed to evaluate the model in terms of maximal force capacity prediction, and openend the path to new scaling methods for musculoskeletal models.

The thesis is focused on design of industrial vacuum cleaner for use in workshops. The thesis includes design and technical reaserch of current vacuum cleaners. The main part contains original design solution with regard to technical and ergonomics requirements.

This master‘s thesis puts forth a new design of a cruise ship. The goal of this work was to combine modern functional and technological elements with an innovative visual appearance while using high quality materials. Emphasis was given to the simplicity, comfort, and especially safety of the vessel control and convenience for the passengers.

The goal of this diploma thesis is design of the electric wheelchair. The purpose is designed with knowledge of historic and todays devices for handicapped people. The design respects aesthetic, ergonomic and technical requirements. The electric wheelchair would go over the usual obstacles, would be solution of long sitting problems and also have an interesting and modern feel.

Dissertation deals with the interrelationship between anthropometry (proportions of the human body) and dimensional standards of seating furniture. Dissertation maps history and presence of anthropometric measurement, it processes the results of anthropometric measurement of the adult population acquired within the grant FR-TI1/050 – NIS and compares these results with the dimensional standards and valid standards for seating furniture. Thanks to new anthropometric results, simulations of the current dimensional requirements for seating furniture were developed in software Tecnomatix Jack. The aim is to update the dimensional standards of seating furniture and to point out the outdatedness of current standards.

The thesis deals with the structural design of high beds with the possibility of height changes of the lying area, which will meet all the precautionary and technical requirements. The basis for the structural design is the current state of the assortment offered on the market in the area of high and bunk beds as well as information of the issue, which are described theoretical part. The practical part includes drawing environment, visualizations, drawing documentations and an integral part of the thesis is the economic evaluation on the level of direct material cost.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of growing children's bed. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to create a design for a growing baby bed for children between the ages of 0 and 7 and the subsequent possible use as a desk that will respect the normative requirements of all three groups. In the theoretical part, the author gives a look at historical solutions, contemporary solutions and the relationship between materials and technology. The practical part of the diploma thesis will be the design of a growing child's bed, respecting the requirements of the normative and questionnaire surveys. The result of the thesis will be not only the design and technical drawings in the CAD program, but also the BOM and direct quantification of material costs for the product.

The main aim of the thesis is to suggest a suitable and effective concept of an office working environment enhancement with respect to the modern trends. The partial aim is to find out how the employees perceive their work environment and what the biggest drawbacks according to them are. Master thesis is divided into literary review and result section. The literary review summarizes the most valuable information about the office working environment, describes development and the latest trends in the field. The result section deals with evaluation of the empirical research, questionnaires and controlled interviews. Recommendations for improving appropriate office working environment are presented at the end of the thesis, including economical valuation.

The subject of this thesis is to design structural solution of cribs and changing table, which would meet all requirements of security and functionality. This solution was created on the basis of current assortment of crib and changing table in our market and from the knowledge of this subject, which are collected in this work. The solution is supported by the technical and safety requirements. The proposal consist in elaboration of the design documentation, bill of materials, economic evaluation in the level of the direct material costs and visualization.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.