För att dagens system och deras allt mer komplexa applikationer ska kunna integreras med varandra krävs det att de kommunicerar via tjänster. Denna tjänsteorienterade integration uppnås genom att man använder sig av Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) som bygger på löst kopplade tjänster som kommunicerar med varandra på ett standardiserat sätt. En viktig del i en integrationslösning är Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). I denna rapport kommer vi förklara grunderna i tjänsteorienterad integration och sedan fördjupa oss i ESB. Då ESB är ett luddigt begrepp ska vi på ett enkelt och lättbegripligt sätt ge vår syn på begreppet, samt dess fördelar och nackdelar. Vi kommer även att ge marknadens syn på ESB genom en enkätundersökning som innefattar både leverantörer, konsulter och kunder. / If today’s software systems and their complex applications shall be able to integrate with each other, they have to communicate through services. This service oriented integration can be accomplished by using Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) where all components are loosely coupled and communicate in a standardized way. An important part when building an integrated solution is the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). In this report we will explain the basics of SOA and take a more detailed look at the world of ESB. The concept of ESB is not well defined and hence means different things to different people. We are going to present an interpretation of the ESB and its benefits and disadvantages. To find out what the market thinks about ESB we have been talking to producers, consultants and customers.

This thesis emphasizes on investigating the relationship between the quality attributes and service oriented architecture (SOA). Due to quality attributes requirements drive the design of software architecture, it is necessary to maintain the positive quality of SOA and improve the negative quality of SOA. This thesis gives an introduction to SOA, Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and MULE. Then, it covers information on quality of systems and tactics for achieving each quality attribute. Finally, we discuss the quality of SOA in detail, and illustrate how to set up a SOA and how to improve its quality using a case of an order for supermarket. / Order of supermarket

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the development and course of social phobia by analysing qualitatively all the textual material obtained about the persons with treatment-resistant social phobia who, during the years 1995-2000, underwent a surgical procedure called endoscopic sympathetic block (ESB) to alleviate their phobic symptoms. In the other part of this study, the effect of this surgical procedure on social phobia was assessed quantitatively. The qualitative part of the study was based on the phenomenologic-existential philosophy and the principles of grounded theory. The qualitative analysis revealed four kinds of parenthood in the families of socially phobic persons: a violent, alcoholic type, a dominant type with high demands, a negligent type and a good enough type. A "vicious circle of social phobia" was formulated as a substantial category. The quantitative part of the study was an open, prospective follow-up study, where 169 patients operated on for social phobia during the years 1995–2000 were followed up for 5 years, and the changes in their symptoms were estimated using a modified version of Davidson's brief social phobia scale and the Liebowitz quality of life scale. The quantitative and qualitative parts of the study were linked together by investigating each person's family background with a semi-structured interview. According to variation analysis of the results, all symptoms of social phobia seemed to be alleviated highly significantly by ESB, and the results remained similar throughout the follow-up. Reflex sweating of the trunk was the only significant side effect. Overall satisfaction with the operation was estimated to be 3.5 on a five-point scale, representing the description "some help of the operation". Thus, ESB can be regarded as an additional treatment method for social phobia if traditional treatment with medication and psychotherapy has not provided any help for the patient.

Virtual Organizations (VO)—a network of independent organizations collaborating to address specific business opportunities—have become popular in today’s technology driven business environment. Due to their autonomous and interdependent nature, management of collaboration among such organizations is a challenging task. Although many solutions have been proposed over the past two decades to support inter-organizational interactions, VOs still face several challenges due to their dynamic and temporal nature that cannot be addressed by traditional solutions such as ebXML, RosettaNet and EDI. In this research, we present a framework for process management in service oriented virtual organizations and a distributed architecture for a flexible infrastructure that supports collaborative business process execution, monitoring and management. The framework contains 6 layers with multiple components within each layer. In designing the components of the framework, standard reference architecture such as the Open-EDI reference model and the S3 service oriented architecture, as well as best practices such as ITIL V3 and PMBOK are used. The infrastructure supports the common topologies of inter-organizational collaboration (e.g. peer-to-peer, star, linear), and responds well to changes due to its loosely coupled components. The proposed infrastructure is based on federating multiple SOA infrastructures with the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) as its core. It is implemented using IBM WebSphere ™ products. We demonstrate that VOs built with our framework and implementation architecture facilitate flexibility, rapid process integration and dynamic evolution.

The atrocities committed by the Nazis during the second world war meant that the public view of Nazism and fascism in the late 1940s and early 1950s was at a record low. In many countries the government actively sought to combat organizations professing a loyalty to fascism and many groups all over Europe struggled to find new followers and support in the post-war era. In wake of this there were an interesting development within post-war fascist organisations. As a result of their inability to gain support in their nations they began cooperating more with other groups across the borders. One interesting expression of this trend was the formation of a fascist international in 1951. Formed as a result of two international conferences, one in Rome 1950 and one in Malmö 1951, the movement sought to create a federal European state of nationalist states with the purpose of establishing Europe as a third power in the cold war, ideologically independent from the liberal USA and communist Soviet bloc. At Malmö it was decided to form an umbrella organisation named Europäische Soziale Bewegung (ESB), the European social movement. Furthermore, it was decided that the organisation would have permanent secretariat in Malmö which would be organized and led by a commission composed of Per Engdahl, the former SS-officer Karl-Heinz Priester, the French revisionist Maurice Bardéche and the secretary of the MSI Augusto de Marsanich. This study focuses on the correspondence of Per Engdahl during the years of the congresses in order to examine how the personal networks of fascist leaders helped create, form and maintain the international cooperation of ESB. Using the social network perspective argued by Ylva Hasselberg, Leos Müller and Niklas Stenlås, the study found that Engdahl’s connections with key figures in the extreme right played a key part in planning and organizing the congress as well as formulating the ideological programme and the organisations operation. Furthermore, the study found that Engdahl’s network was frequently used to share information and news from the various movements. The study thereafter concludes that Engdahl’s network is good example of how the post-war fascist organisation intertwined and helped develop the international currents of fascism. In doing so, the study contributes to the research of entangled history in transnational fascism studies.

Pour faire face aux contraintes économiques (demande de plus en plus importante pour de la personnalisation de masse, globalisation et réduction des coûts…), le développement de stratégies de production « Juste À Temps », ou « Lean Manufacturing » impose la réorganisation de l’entreprise sur les activités génératrices de valeur en suivant une logique de chaîne de valeur pour éviter tout gaspillage. Cette stratégie conduit de fait à un recentrage métier et une extension de la chaîne de valeur. L’entreprise est donc amenée à développer des stratégies de collaboration (Bare et Cox, 2008 ; Davis, 1987) et doit disposer d’un SI Lean (réponse au plus juste), agile pour réagir aux fluctuations et aléas, ouvert pour assurer un partenariat avec ses fournisseurs, ses clients et ses partenaires et, enfin, interopérable pour faciliter la communication entre les différents systèmes et concilier ces différentes facettes métiers. Or, le SI de l’entreprise est constitué d’une multiplicité de logiciels (l’ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), le MES (Manufacturing Execution System), le PLM (Product Life-cycle Management), le SCM (Supply Chain Management)…). Chaque système vise à répondre à un objectif donné pour une facette métier, et est développé selon des spécifications métier propres échappant le plus souvent à toute standardisation. Ceci engendre une redondance, une hétérogénéité et une augmentation du volume d’information, d’où des risques d’incohérence, de rigidité du SI et notamment une grande difficulté de communication dans le cadre de collaboration interentreprises. Pour répondre à ces aléas, il importe de définir un SI agile et interopérable et de réorganiser les processus pour supporter la chaîne de valeur de l’entreprise. C’est dans cet objectif que nous proposons de développer un Lean ESB (Enterprise Service Bus), socle d’une Architecture Orientée Services, doté d’une couche sémantique métier. Nous avons défini quatre modules du Lean ESB : • Le module de médiation définit les échanges d’information entre les différents métiers et entre le métier et la technologie pour assurer le fonctionnement des autres modules. • Le module de chorégraphie dynamique permet de composer les services industriels pour définir les processus selon les besoins de production spécifiés par le client. • Le module de routage intelligent organise les ressources de l’atelier pour définir des processus en flux tirés. • Le module de monitoring et gouvernance permet de contrôler la performance de la production et la qualité des produits. / To meet the economic constraints (growth of mass customization demands, globalization and cost reducing), the development of new strategies forms as a “Just In Time” production strategy or “Lean Manufacturing” needs to reorganize the enterprise taking into account the activities which generates value (following the value-chain logic) in order to avoid wastefulness. This strategy leads to a business refocusing and a value-chain extension. The enterprise has to develop collaboration strategies (Bare and Cox, 2008 ; Davis, 1987) and has to have a Lean (just in time response) Information Systems (IS), agile IS to react fluctuations, open IS to support a partnership with suppliers, customers and partners and interoperable IS to make easier the communication between systems and business views. However, the enterprise IS contains multiple systems: ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), MES (Manufacturing Execution System), PLM (Product Life-cycle Management), SCM (Supply Chain Management)…Each system is designed to meet a particular business view, and is developed according to specific business requirementswithout any standardization which cause redundancy, heterogeneity and increase the volume of information including an inconsistency, a rigidity of the IS and a difficulty of inter-enterprise collaboration. To face theses disadvantages we have to define an agile and interoperable IS and to reorganize processes to support the enterprise value-chain. Therefore, we propose to develop a Lean ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) which is a Service Oriented Architecture middleware, improved by a business semantic layer. We defined four modules of Lean ESB:• The mediation module defines information exchange between a business layers and IS and insures other modules operating. • The dynamic choreography module enables industrial services composition to define processes in accordance with customer demands. • The intelligent routing module organizes workshop resources in order to reorganize processes in a pull flow strategy. • The monitoring and governance module enables the control of production performance and products quality.

Les organisations contemporaines collaborent de plus en plus avec leurs partenaires. Cette dimension ouverte leur permet d’être plus réactives face aux changements que leur imposent leurs environnements. La caractéristique de la collaboration est due, pour les entreprises, au nouvel environnement économique, qui fait de l'interopérabilité et l'agilité deux des principaux résultats que les entreprises doivent atteindre. Ce contexte correspond au cadre global de nos travaux, qui porte sur la question suivante : Comment concevoir une architecture orientée services dirigée par le métier dans le cadre d’une collaboration inter-organisationnelle ?L’intérêt de ce travail est de proposer une méthode qui assure l’efficacité et l’efficience d’une collaboration, en utilisant les principes de BPM et SOA pour dépasser les barrières conceptuelle et technologique de l’interopérabilité. On explique comment identifier, spécifier et réaliser les processus et les services de collaboration entre différents participants. Pour cela, on adopte une vision transversale de l’entreprise centrée sur les processus métiers. Ensuite, l’approche MDA est utilisée comme un fil conducteur pour synchroniser les modèles des processus métiers découverts à l’aide de l’approche BPM avec ceux des services identifiés avec la démarche SOA. Dans ce schéma, les processus métiers assurent l’interopérabilité au niveau métier tandis que l’utilisation des services réutilisables, des standards et des architectures préconisés par SOA soutiennent l’interopérabilité au niveau IT.Cette méthode se base sur un style de modélisation hiérarchique avec des diagrammes de haut niveau qui sont ensuite enrichis à des niveaux plus bas / Global acceleration of exchanges in goods and services requires organizations to adopt an open view beyond their own boundaries at both business and technological levels. In the new economic environment enterprises must achieve both interoperability and agility. In this thesis the main research question is the following: How to design a service oriented architecture methodology driven by business to support inter-organizational collaboration?To overcome the conceptual and technological barriers of interoperability. We propose a top-down model driven method based on BPM and SOA principles to ensure collaboration efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed method explains how to identify, specify and implement collaborative processes and collaborative public services. In the proposed method business processes ensure interoperability at the business level, while reusable services, standards and SOA platform support interoperability at the IT level

Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) est actuellement l'approche la plus prometteuse pour l'implémentation d'une architecture orientée services (SOA : Service-Oriented Architecture) par l'intégration des différentes applications isolées dans une plateforme centralisée. De nombreuses solutions d'intégration à base d'ESB on été proposées, elles sont soit open-source comme : Mule, Petals, ou encore Fuse, soit propriétaires tels que : Sonic ESB, IBM WebSphere Message Broker, ou Oracle ESB. Cependant, il n'en existe aucune en mesure de traiter, à la fois des aspects : d'intégration et de traitement massivement parallèle, du moins à notre connaissance. L'intégration du parallélisme dans le traitement est un moyen de tirer profit des technologies multicœurs/multiprocesseurs qui améliorent considérablement les performances des ESBs.Toutefois, cette intégration est une démarche complexe et soulève des problèmes à plusieurs niveaux : communication, synchronisation, partage de données, etc.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons l'étude d'une nouvelle architecture massivement parallèle de type ESB. / Enterprise service bus (ESB) is currently the most promising approach for business application integration in distributed and heterogeneous environments. It allows to deploy a service-oriented architecture (SOA) by the integration of all the isolated applications on a decentralized platform.Several commercial or open source ESB-based solutions have been proposed. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of these solutions has integrated the parallel processing. The integration of parallelism in the treatment allows to take advantage of the multicore/multiprocessor technologies and thus can improve greatly the ESB performance. However, this integration is difficult to achieve, and poses problems at multiple levels (communication, synchronization, etc). In this study, we present a new massively parallel ESB architecture that meets this challenge.

Orientador: Prof.ª Dr.ª Fabiana Soares Santana / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, 2014.

<p>This thesis emphasizes on investigating the relationship between the quality attributes and service oriented architecture (SOA). Due to quality attributes requirements drive the design of software architecture, it is necessary to maintain the positive quality of SOA and improve the negative quality of SOA. This thesis gives an introduction to SOA, Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and MULE. Then, it covers information on quality of systems and tactics for achieving each quality attribute. Finally, we discuss the quality of SOA in detail, and illustrate how to set up a SOA and how to improve its quality using a case of an order for supermarket.</p> / Order system