The primary purpose of this research was to examine the effects of HRT in women with acute estrogen deficiency from surgically induced menopause. The secondary purpose was to evaluate how HRT improves symptoms of acute estrogen deficiency and quality of life (QOL) in women using hormone supplementation. Peer reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2017 that were written in the English language with a focus on the use of HRT in women with acute estrogen deficiency after surgical menopause were evaluated for relevance. Evidence suggests the primary reason for decreased use of HRT is the associated risks outweighing the benefits; however, this is not reflected in health care provider's (HCP's) clinical experience. HCP's were more likely to prescribe HRT for themselves or family members if they were experiencing the negative side effects of estrogen deficiency due to surgical menopause, but not to women in their care with similar clinical manifestations of menopause. Additionally, serious risks associated with HRT for acute estrogen deficiency remain incongruent with HRT for women experiencing natural menopause; although risk for breast cancer due to HRT was a universal concern. Risks of HRT related to thromboembolism, stroke and heart disease, were discussed with comparison to the undesirable clinical manifestations of menopause. Results indicate further education and research is needed that explores the risks and benefits for HRT in women with sudden onset of estrogen deficiency from surgical menopause.

Turner Syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder from conception characterized by the partial or complete absence of the second X chromosome in females. Chromosomal abnormalities, both numerical and structural, contribute to a significantly higher prevalence of fractures (30.5-32.2%) compared to non-TS postmenopausal women (14.9%). This highlights the intrinsic bone abnormalities associated with TS and increased fracture risk. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is commonly used to assess bone mineral density (BMD). However, its accuracy in individuals with TS is limited due to the partial volume effect, highlighting the need for further clinical research to understand bone density changes compared to healthy controls. Osteoporosis is a significant comorbidity in TS, characterized by reduced bone quality and altered microstructure. Factors directly contributing to osteoporosis in TS include X chromosome abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, metabolic syndrome, and autoimmune disease. Current management strategies involve estrogen and growth hormone replacement, along with progastrin and bisphosphonates. Therapies targeting the inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could improve BMD and bone quality and reduce fracture risk. However, more clinical research is needed to understand the bone density compositional changes that occur to optimize therapeutic approaches for individuals with TS.