Orientador: Edson Alves de Campos / Banca: Elisa Maria Aparecida Giro / Banca: Carla Castiglia Gonzaga / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da clorexidina em diferentes excipientes utilizada no tratamento da superfície dentinária condicionada, sobre a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de sistemas adesivos do tipo "condiciona-e-lava" de 2 passos. Foram selecionados 64 terceiros molares humanos extraídos que tiveram seu terço oclusal seccionado com o objetivo de expor superfície dentinária plana e foram divididos aleatoriamente de acordo com o tipo de tratamento do substrato dentinário: dentina condicionada saturada com água; dentina condicionada impregnada com clorexidina em água; dentina condicionada impregnada com clorexidina em etanol e dentina condicionada saturada com etanol. Após a aplicação das soluções de impregnação da dentina previamente condicionada com ácido fosfórico a 35%, com os dentes aleatoriamente divididos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento do substrato dentinário, foram empregados os sistemas adesivos de 2 passos Adper Single Bond 2 e OptiBond Solo Plus. Após, matrizes transparentes cilíndricas foram posicionadas sobre cada superfície de dentina tratada com os adesivos testados e foram preenchidas com resina composta e fotoativadas por 20s. As matrizes foram imediatamente removidas para expor os cilindros de resina composta. Após período de armazenagem de 24 horas em água a 37ºC, os espécimes foram adaptados a um dispositivo para ensaio de resistência de união ao microcisalhamento, realizado em uma máquina de ensaios universal com velocidade de carregamento de 0,5 mm/min. As diferenças entre os grupos foram determinadas utilizando os testes estatísticos ANOVA (nível de significância de 5% ), e teste de Tukey. Para o sistema adesivo Adper Single Bond 2, não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos de dentina propostos. Optibond Solo Plus apresentou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of chlorhexidine in different excipients on the microshear bond strength of 2 steps etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. For this study were selected 64 sound human molars. The occlusal surfaces of the teeth were removed with a low-speed diamond saw to expose flat dentin surfaces. Different 2 steps etch-and-rinse adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 and OptiBond Solo Plus) were applied on the previously etched dentin (phosphoric acid 35%), after one of the following dentin treatments: dentin saturated with water; dentin impregnated with chlorhexidine in water; dentin impregnated with chlorhexidine in ethanol and dentin saturated with ethanol. Afterwards, transparent cylindrical arrays were placed on the dentin surface and were filled with a composite resin and photoactivated for 20 s. The arrays were immediately removed to expose the composite resin cylinders with cross-sectional area of 0,38mm2. After a storage period of 24 hours in water at 37ºC, the specimens were fitted with a device for microshear bond strength testing with a loading speed of 0.5 mm/min. The differences between groups were determined using ANOVA and Tukey's test. There was no statistical difference between the treatments proposed dentin when the adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 was used. For Optibond Solo Plus,higher values were observed in the groups treated with pure ethanol and ethanol associated with chlorhexidine. It is possible to conclude that ethanol may increase the immediate values of bond strength, depending on the adhesive system. Chlorhexidine does not alter... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Donghai Wang / Among potential alternative liquid fuels, bioethanol is the widest utilized transportation fuels and mainly made from grains. Cellulosic biofuels provide environmental benefits not available from grain or sugar-based biofuels and are considered as a solid foundation to meet transportation fuels needs in a low-carbon economy, albeit with electrified vehicles and other technical advances. The objective of this research was to develop and optimize various bioprocessing units to boost cellulosic bioethanol titers and yields in order to accelerate the commercialization of cellulosic bioethanol production. The results showed high-solids biomass bioconversion (12%, w/v) was inefficient in the laboratory rotary shaker. However, a horizontal reactor with good mixing was effective for high solids loading (20%, w/v), yielding 75 g/L of glucose. To achieve the minimal economical ethanol distillation requirement of 40 g/L, integrated bioprocesses were conducted to boost ethanol titers and yields through co-fermentation of starchy grain and cellulosic biomass. The maximum ethanol concentration (68.7 g/L) was achieved at the corn flour and hydrothermal-treated corn stover ratio of 12:12 using raw starch granular enzyme with the ethanol yield of 86.0%. Co-fermentation of starchy substrate with hydrolysate liquor from saccharified biomass was able to significantly enhance ethanol concentration and reduce energy cost for distillation without sacrificing ethanol yields. These results indicated integration of first and second generation ethanol production could significantly accelerate the commercialization of cellulosic biofuel production. Novel technology, modified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, was firstly established to enhance ethanol titers and yields, which achieved high ethanol titers of 72.3 g/L at high biomass loadings of 30% (w/v) with 70.0% ethanol yield.

Peas are rich in protein and dietary fiber and can be used to create specialty products; however, flavor issues are one of the primary concerns regarding utilization. Sensory evaluations indicated the optimal treatment utilized aqueous ethanol at a concentration of 47.5%, extraction time of 63 min, and no pressure. Decreased (P<0.05) moisture and ash content, with no loss of protein or starch, were observed after treatment. Foaming properties were poor, indicating protein modification. Increased water absorption impacted WAI, WSI, setback, and peak time observations. Remaining pasting profile values were unchanged (P<0.05). While some volatiles were released via changes in protein and starch structure, total ppm decreased. Treated pea flour products had significantly (P<0.05) higher flavor acceptance scores. Texture results suggested treated flour imparted softness of baked items. Shelf-life measurements were improved for both cookies and crackers using treated pea flour.

The theme on this diploma thesis is „Changes in sensory properties of spirits due to external factors“. In the theoretical part are contained chapters on the alcohol, production of alcohol and spirits. In the practical part, an experiment was established in 2017 in which the selected spirit drink was stored in two types of bottles under different storage conditions. The spirit drink used in the experiment was the domestic rum. The diploma thesis is focused on spectrophotoscopic measurement of samples of domestic rum, for which the intensity of color changes was monitored. In addition, a sensory evaluation of the colour intensity of the samples was carried out. The measurements were carried out for one year at regular intervals. The results is obtained were statistically and graphically evaluated. The results indicates that L*(D65) a*(D65) b*(D65) varied significantly over time under different storage conditions For samples stored at 6 °C, the L*(D65) gradients increased more slowly and valeus a*(D65) and b*(D65) were decreased slowier than those stored at 20 °C. The samples that were exposed to different light modes at 20 °C also increased value L*(D65) and decrease a*(D65) and b*(D65) values. The fastest changes to these values were in samples stored under a fluorescent lamp, then under daylight, and the slowest changes were in samples that were stored in the dark. By measuring, it was found that the bottle type had a demonstrable effect on the storage of samples exposed to different light modes. In all types of the samples, the total color differentiation ΔE* ab was calculated, indicating whether the difference in color was already visible for the human senses. This was confirmed by sensory analysis.

Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant with the ability of reducing the markers of inflammation. To explore the protective effect of astaxanthin on maternal ethanol induced embryonic deficiency, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, we detected the morphology, expression of neural marker genes, oxidative stress indexes, and inflammatory factors in mice model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder with or without astaxanthin pretreatment. Our results showed that astaxanthin blocked maternal ethanol induced retardation of embryonic growth, and the down-regulation of neural marker genes, Otx1 and Sox2. Moreover, astaxanthin also reversed the increases of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. In addition, maternal ethanol induced up-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and the down-streaming myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β in embryos, and this was inhibited by astaxanthin pretreatment. These results demonstrated a protective effect of astaxanthin on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and suggested that oxidative stress and TLR4 signaling associated inflammatory reaction are involved in this process.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

This study examines the feasibility of producing sweet sorghum as an ethanol feedstock in Mississippi. An enterprise budgeting system is used along with estimates of transportation costs to estimate farmers’ breakeven costs for producing and delivering sweet sorghum biomass. This breakeven cost for the farmer, along with breakeven costs for the producer based on wholesale ethanol price, production costs, and transportation and marketing costs for the refined ethanol, is used to estimate the amounts that farmers and ethanol producers would be willing to accept (WTA) and willing to pay (WTP), respectively, for sweet sorghum biomass. These WTA and WTP estimates are analyzed by varying key factors in the biomass and ethanol production processes. Deterministic and stochastic models are used to estimate profits for sweet sorghum and competing crops in two representative counties in Mississippi, with sweet sorghum consistently yielding negative per-acre profits in both counties.

Ethanol fermentation of highly concentrated aflatoxin-contaminated corn (Zea mays) was conducted on a lab scale to determine if aflatoxin concentrated in the distilled ethanol and/or dry distillers grain end-products. Alliquots of fermented mash, distilled ethanol, stillage, and dry distillers grain (DDG) were analyzed via LC-MS/MS and immunoassay detection methods for aflatoxin. Results indicate that aflatoxin does not greatly concentrate during fermentation in the DDGs and is undetectable in distilled ethanol. Addition of binders, MTB-100®, to aflatoxin-contaminated DDGs showed great reduction in aflatoxin concentrations when analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Also, an experiment investigating detoxification of aflatoxin using Clorox® was conducted. Results obtained from LC-MS/MS showed a positive correlation of decreased aflatoxin levels with increasing Clorox® levels following a logarithmic trend.

No description available.

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase) catalyzes the formation of HMG-CoA from acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. F-244 (1), a naturally occurring J3-lactone isolated from Fusarium sp. ATCC 20788 and other species, is known to be a potent and specific inhibitor ofHMG-CoA synthase isolated from rat liver. 1Ji,, HO,.,._.. .. , '• .. ,....13_.,., ;=( 0 14 0 0 (1) (2) This thesis describes the 48 fold purification of HMG-CoA synthase from bakers yeast in a three step procedure involving ethanol fractionation followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and then hydroxylapatite chromatography. This procedure was found to be reproducible and yields a preparation of specific activity 0.14 units (j...tmolfmin)/mg in an overall yield of 8%. In our study, F-244 was found to be a potent irreversible inhibitor of HMGCoA synthase isolated from bakers yeast, with an IC50 value of 0.009 j...tM. This value is almost identical to the inhibitory activity of F-244 on rat liver HMG-CoA synthase that has been reported in the literature. Tritium labeled F-244 was prepared, for the first time, by feeding methyl-[3H]methionine to cultures of Fusarium sp. The [15, 16, 17, 18-3H] F-244 isolated had a specific activity of 1.3 x 106 DPM/mg. This tritiated F-244 was then used as an affinity.label for HMG-CoA synthase. Attempts to isolate the enzyme-inhibitor complex were unsuccessful due to the low level of radioactivity associated with the tritiated F-244. HMG-CoA synthase was also shown to be inhibited in a time-dependent irreversible manner by {±)-(3-butyrolactone (2). The rate of inactivation (~) was found to be 0.4697 s-1 and the inhibition constant (K1) was found to be 9 mM. The inactivation was found to be irreversible over several hours. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)