Teachers are perceived by society and in law to be in a position of trust. As a result of the daily interaction with their students, educators have the opportunity to be influential and they are expected to behave in a responsible, ethical and moral manner. Being viewed as a moral compass of society is a significant responsibility and the implications of such a statement are substantial upon not only teachers but also impact on teacher education programs. This study investigates how educational law impacts on beginning teachers in light of the many legal and ethical boundaries that educators will experience throughout their career. The literature review discusses the delicate balance between an educator’s mission and the requirement to follow policies and procedures; documented court cases, which have an impact on educators; and, finally, the educational law component within the teacher education framework. Six participants were interviewed in this study of which two are teachers in their first three years of teaching, two recent graduates, a principal and an official with a teacher union who is a member from the Counseling department. All four of the teachers completed a two-year initial teacher education program. In addition, the principal is a member of the Partnership Advisory Council of the program. Maintaining the delicate balance between an educator’s mission and the law will continue to be a challenge. The direct and indirect statutory rules and regulations which impact on the education system and the supporting landmark court case decisions clearly bring to question the level of preparedness of teacher candidates and indicate a need to examine the role teacher education programs play in preparing future teachers. The major themes include the impact of educational law on the professional and personal lives of beginning teachers, the role of initial teacher education programs, and the legal enablers and barriers for educators. The key findings for each of the themes are discussed. Educators find themselves in a very complex role. The teacher education programs in Ontario need to examine the importance of including meaningful and insightful dialogue about the legal and ethical aspects of being a teacher.

Teachers are perceived by society and in law to be in a position of trust. As a result of the daily interaction with their students, educators have the opportunity to be influential and they are expected to behave in a responsible, ethical and moral manner. Being viewed as a moral compass of society is a significant responsibility and the implications of such a statement are substantial upon not only teachers but also impact on teacher education programs. This study investigates how educational law impacts on beginning teachers in light of the many legal and ethical boundaries that educators will experience throughout their career. The literature review discusses the delicate balance between an educator’s mission and the requirement to follow policies and procedures; documented court cases, which have an impact on educators; and, finally, the educational law component within the teacher education framework. Six participants were interviewed in this study of which two are teachers in their first three years of teaching, two recent graduates, a principal and an official with a teacher union who is a member from the Counseling department. All four of the teachers completed a two-year initial teacher education program. In addition, the principal is a member of the Partnership Advisory Council of the program. Maintaining the delicate balance between an educator’s mission and the law will continue to be a challenge. The direct and indirect statutory rules and regulations which impact on the education system and the supporting landmark court case decisions clearly bring to question the level of preparedness of teacher candidates and indicate a need to examine the role teacher education programs play in preparing future teachers. The major themes include the impact of educational law on the professional and personal lives of beginning teachers, the role of initial teacher education programs, and the legal enablers and barriers for educators. The key findings for each of the themes are discussed. Educators find themselves in a very complex role. The teacher education programs in Ontario need to examine the importance of including meaningful and insightful dialogue about the legal and ethical aspects of being a teacher.

This thesis selects a topic of ethics and morality, namely of their meaning, individual features and also their usage in the world of finance among professional accountants and auditors. It is focused mainly on present state however a historical background is also included. The objective of this thesis is to introduce both selected professions so the reader will be able to self-assess sufficiency and deficiencies of ethical standards and customs of modern ethics. The thesis also compares ethical regulations of these professions through its description. Considerable attention is also devoted to simple analysis of ethical behavior, its quality and support in the most globally integrated professional services organizations.

There are three types of agreements regarding lawyers’ fee: fixed fee, hourly fee and the contingent fee. Contingent fee agreements have distinguishing features from other types of fee – lawyer is compensated or his remuneration is paid only if the case is won, and the client doesn’t have to pay a fee beforehand. Agreements are most popular in United States. Europe doesn’t use them uniformly, some countries allow agreements, some – prohibit. Lithuania a few years ago adopted rule allowing contingent fee agreements but still there are no further legislation or clarification. Mainly contingent fee agreements are used when there is no risk of non-recovery. The main advantage making agreements desirable that client doesn’t have to pay till the case is closed. This model allows people who cannot afford hourly or fixed fee get access to justice. On the other hand lawyer on a contingency fee agreement has more motivation to do everything what is needed to obtain judgment. Contingent fee agreements can be divided in several types: hourly contingency fee, when the lawyer is paid for total hours spent on the case only if the case was successful; then, when the lawyer is paid an hourly rate and bonus premium, based upon litigation; and mostly known type is based upon percentage of the plaintiff’s recovery. The main aim of this research is to validate or disclaim the hypothesis that contingent fee agreements violate ethical principles governing lawyers’ practice. First part of this... [to full text] / Pacta de quota litis terminas daugiausiai naudojamas Europoje; minimas Europos Sąjungos advokatų profesinės etikos kodekse. Kitos šalys naudoja skirtingus terminus, populiariausias contingent fee, naudojamas Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose, taip pat conditional fee Didžiojoje Britanijoje. Contingent fee terminas Lietuvoje naudojamas kaip sąlyginis atlyginimas, dėl kurio advokatas ir klientas susitaria iš anksto. Tai viena iš susitarimo tarp advokato ir kliento rūšių, kuri apibrėžia ne tik kliento atstovavimo sąlygas, bet kartu ir numato advokato atlyginimą, kuris tiesiogiai priklauso nuo bylos baigties. Taip pat yra žinomi valandinio užmokesčio ar fiksuoto užmokesčio susitarimai. Sąlyginio atlyginimo susitarimai gali nustatyti atlyginimo dydį valandine išraiška, kai sąlyginis atlyginimas skaičiuojamas nuo išdirbtų valandų; taip pat gali būti mokamas valandinis sąlyginis atlyginimas su premija ir populiariausias, kai sąlyginis atlyginimas nustatomas procentine išraiška ir skaičiuojamas nuo priteistos sumos. Sąlyginio atlyginimo susitarimai labiausiai paplitę Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose, tuo tarpu Europoje jie naudojami labai retai, daugelyje šalių jie draudžiami. Šių susitarimų išskirtinumas yra tas, kad klientui nereikia mokėti už advokato paslaugas iš anksto. Su advokatu atsiskaitoma tik jei byla laimima. Tai lemia šių susitarimų populiarumą ne tik Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose, bet ir kitose šalyse, nes sudaro galimybe nepasiturintiems asmenims apginti savo teises ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Depuis la mise en place des marchés financiers dans l’espace OHADA, les autorités communautaires ont entrepris de sérieuses réformes visant à assurer la protection de l’épargne publique et éventuellement la confiance des investisseurs. À ce titre, l’instauration d’un climat des affaires fiable et efficace constitue l’un des défis majeurs posés par le marché financier de l’UEMOA, de la CEMAC et du Cameroun. Il apparaît dès lors indispensable d’envisager un modèle d’organisation et de fonctionnement ainsi que des règles de marché apte à répondre à la fois au souci légitime de développement des marchés concernés et au besoin de sécurité des investisseurs nationaux et étrangers conformément aux standards financiers internationaux. Il faut noter que les marchés financiers dans l’espace OHADA présentent des acquis considérables en termes de sécurisation des acteurs et des opérations financières, même si beaucoup reste à faire surtout dans le cadre de la répression des délits boursiers. L’étude de ce sujet était aussi une occasion d’aborder la diversité des sources applicable aux différents marchés financiers dans l’espace OHADA. Un simple regard sur le droit OHADA à travers le prisme de l’acte uniforme relatif au droit des sociétés, laisse apparaitre une faible implication de cet organe dans le processus de sécurisation des marchés financiers dans l’espace intégré. Dans un souci d’harmonisation, il est souhaitable que l’OHADA adopte un acte uniforme relatif au droit des marchés financiers. Un tel instrument juridique est destiné non seulement à assurer l’uniformisation du droit applicable à tous les marchés financiers mais aussi à pallier aux systèmes de renvoi réciproque / Since the establishment of financial markets in the OHADA zone, the community authorities have undertaken serious reforms to ensure the protection of public savings and possibly investor confidence. As such, the creation of a reliable and efficient business climate is one of the major challenges facing the financial markets of WAEMU, CEMAC and Cameroon. It therefore seems essential to consider an organisational and operational model as well as market rules capable of responding to both the legitimate concern for the development of the markets concerned and the need for the security of domestic and foreign investors in accordance with International financial standards. It should be noted that the financial markets in the OHADA zone have made considerable progress in terms of the security of stakeholders and financial transactions, although much remains to be done, especially in the context of the combat against stock market crimes. This study also provided an opportunity to address the diversity of sources applicable to different financial markets in the OHADA zone. An examination of the OHADA law through the prism of the uniform act on company law reveals the low level of involvement of this body in the protection of financial markets in its integrated area. For harmonization purposes, OHADA needs to adopt a uniform act on financial market law. Such a legal instrument is not only intended to ensure the standardization of the law applicable to all financial markets but to also offset mutual referral systems

The first chapter examines the relationship of the society to the seniors, perception surrounding seniors, negative and positive views of the seniors in the history, then ageism. The second chapter refers to the dependence and vulnerability as the dimension of human existence. For that reason, here is paid attention to the care of seniors, with a more detailed focus on the seniors with dementia and the senior's dying. There aren't also omitted the care of social workers and therefore is a notice of the burn-out syndrome. In the last chapter is given positive influence of autonomy and dignified approach on the success life of the seniors. Furthermore, the importance of ethical standards contained in codes of ethics and ethical theories for the correct decision and behaviour of a social worker.

The work deals with the psychological - the ethical aspects of the placement in the home for the elderly. It focuses on issues of aging and old age, including changes in physical, psychological and social sphere. It offers an overview of the evolution of the system of care for the elderly to the present form of social services under Act No. 108/2006 Coll. on social services. It deals with basic principles in the provision of social services: partnership, autonomy, respect for client dignity, individual approach. It also provides information on the individual planning of the social services. It deals with select models of senior activation and finally focuses on the theme guiding the senior end of his way of life.

The diplomathesisdiscussesthe issue of familyandthe approach to family in the context of current medical ethics. The introductiondescribesthe perceptionof familyby humanities and social sciences and identifies the elements shared by all disciplines, including health care. The firstsectionof the thesislooksintothe development of the relationship between the physician and the patientandhisor her family,rangingfromapaternalisticrelationshiptoinformedconsentto patients' previously expressed wishes. The author places each of these principles in context with legislative andethical normsandhighlightsthe dilemmasassociatedwiththe understandingthereof. At the same time it solves the possibilities of family involvement in each of them. The secondsectionof the thesisfocusesonpalliative care.Itdescribesthe basicprinciples related to adultpatientsatthe terminal stage of theirillnessandalsothe proceduresfollowedinpaediatricand perinatal palliative care. The conclusion offers a description of the practical procedures followed whenthiscare wasbeingintroducedatthe Královské VinohradyUniversityHospital inPrague.Partof the thesis is also casuistry derived from the operation of the palliative care team.

The diplomathesisdiscussesthe issue of familyandthe approach to family in the context of current medical ethics. The introductiondescribesthe perceptionof familyby humanities and social sciences and identifies the elements shared by all disciplines, including health care. The firstsectionof the thesislooksintothe development of the relationship between the physician and the patientandhisor her family,rangingfromapaternalisticrelationshiptoinformedconsentto patients' previously expressed wishes. The author places each of these principles in context with legislative andethical normsandhighlightsthe dilemmasassociatedwiththe understandingthereof. At the same time it solves the possibilities of family involvement in each of them. The secondsectionof the thesisfocusesonpalliative care.Itdescribesthe basicprinciples related to adultpatientsatthe terminal stage of theirillnessandalsothe proceduresfollowedinpaediatricand perinatal palliative care. The conclusion offers a description of the practical procedures followed whenthiscare wasbeingintroducedatthe Královské VinohradyUniversityHospital inPrague.Partof the thesis is also casuistry derived from the operation of the palliative care team.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit - option recherche(LL.M)" / Ce mémoire traite de la contribution du Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie (« TPIY ») au développement des sources formelles du droit international public. Il considère, plus précisément, le dilemme normatif entre le droit international classique, polarisé sur l'État et « résorbé» dans une juridicité formelle, et le «droit de l'unité substantiel », codifiant le mythe kantien de la paix par le droit et associant juridicité et légitimité par une intégration de l'éthique dans le droit. L'analyse postule la rétroaction du droit sur ses sources et étudie les courants idéologiques du droit international contemporain à partir de la jurisprudence du TPIY. Le mémoire conclut à une rupture entre le discours rhétorique du TPIY sur les sources, se réclamant du droit international classique, davantage compatible avec le principe de légalité, et les pratiques normatives effectives du Tribunal, ressemblant à un jusnaturalisme moderne, fondé sur des valeurs morales et éthiques. / This thesis studies the contribution by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former- Yugoslavia ("ICTY") to the development of Public International Law. Specifically, it analyses the normative dilemma between sources ofClassic International Law - correlated to the will ofStates, as wel/ as legal formalism - and the "International law ofsubstantial unity" - which codifies the Kantian myth of ''peace by law" and moves the classic idea of legality from formalism to legitimacy by using ethical references. The analysis assumes Law's retroactive effect on its sources and considers ideological movements of Contemporary International Law in the jurisprudence of the ICTY. The thesis concludes to a clash between ICTYabstractfindings related to sources ofInternationallaw and the actual "day-by-day" normative practices ofthe Tribunal. While the first brings into play Classic International Law and the rule of law, the second looks more like a neo-naturalism, fashioned by moral and ethical values.