Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-02-15T16:44:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2717053 bytes, checksum: 3c55e425d0ace7c2fad945c8a704e310 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T16:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2717053 bytes, checksum: 3c55e425d0ace7c2fad945c8a704e310 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-22 / O crescimento e a dinâmica de copa foram avaliados em plantas de clone de Eucalyptus grandis submetidas a diferentes tratamentos de desrama artificial e desbaste, em Abaeté, MG. Foram utilizadas combinações de diferentes intensidades de desrama (altura de remoção dos galhos a partir do solo), freqüências (número de intervenções necessárias para atingir 6 m de altura livre de galhos) e idade de aplicação da primeira intervenção de desrama (16, 20 e 28 meses de idade). Aos 55 meses de idade, procedeu-se o desbaste, eliminando 35% do número total de árvores em cada parcela do experimento. A fim de comparar o comportamento das árvores em área desbastada e não desbastada, foi realizada uma simulação de desbaste em área não desbastada, selecionando o mesmo número de árvores que seriam eliminadas, caso o desbaste tivesse ocorrido. O índice de área foliar (IAF) apresentou valor médio de 2,75, aos 55 meses de idade, reduzindo para 1,98, logo após a realização do desbaste. Devido à recomposição foliar, seis meses depois, o IAF aumentou para 2,99 e, aos 68 meses, para 3,11, na área desbastada. Aos 68 meses de idade, o IAF na área não desbastada foi 22,64 % mais elevado na área desbastada. A transmissividade da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (t%) aumentou de 11,96% para 22,73%, logo após o desbaste (55 meses) e, aos 68 meses, reduziu para 16,76%, devido à recomposição foliar das plantas. Aos 68 meses de idade, em área não desbastada, t% foi de 9,55 %, significativamente inferior ao observado em área desbastada. O índice de cobertura vegeta (IC), aos 55 meses de idade, reduziu de 0,83 para 0,69, após a realização do desbaste. Aos 68 meses de idade, o IC foi de 0,70, ou seja, este método foi menos sensível às mudanças do desenvolvimento da copa, comparativamente ao método utilizando o IAF e t%. Aos 68 meses de idade, foi observada grande quantidade de galhos médios e grossos em árvores não desramadas até a altura de 6 m, demonstrando a importância da aplicação de desrama artificial, pois estes galhos são os responsáveis pela presença de nós na madeira. Nesta idade, as plantas da área desbastada apresentaram maior quantidade de folhas e galhos vivos em estratos mais baixos da copa do que na área não desbastada, em razão da maior competição na área desbastada. A quantidade de manta orgânica acumulada no solo, aos 55 meses de idade, foi 5,48, 3,37 e 0,50 t/ha, e, aos 68 meses de idade, foi 5,23, 4,64 e 1,26 t/ha de folha, galho e casca, respectivamente. Aos 68 meses de idade, não foi verificada diferença signifi- cativa, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, entre os tratamentos de desrama artificial, para o crescimento em altura, diâmetro e volume, independentemente da idade de aplicação da primeira intervenção de desrama. Nesta idade, o crescimento diamétrico das árvores remanescentes em área desbastada foi superior ao das plantas superiores, em área não desbastada. Aos 55 e 68 meses de idade houve maior proporção de árvores com maior diâmetro nas parcelas que receberam a primeira intervenção de desrama aos 20 meses de idade. Em resumo, verificou-se que a desrama artificial utilizada não afetou negativamente o crescimento das plantas do clone estudado, porém, deve ser realizada o mais cedo possível para obter maior produção de madeira limpa. Também, foi observado que este clone apresenta elevada capacidade de recomposição da copa um ano após desbaste, indicando que as árvores remanescentes deverão apresentar elevada taxa de crescimento em diâmetro. / Growth and crown dynamics of an Eucalyptus grandis clone, submitted to artificial pruning and thinning, were studied in Abaeté, MG, Brazil (latitude 19o16’34”S and longitude 45o44’56”W). Plants were submitted to various combinations of pruning intensities (height from the ground for branch removal) frequencies (number of interventions needed to reach 6 m height free of branches), and age of the first intervention (16, 20 and 28 months-old). At the age of 55 months, thinning was applied by removing 35% of the total number of trees in each plot of the experiment. Leaf area index (LAI) decreased from 2.75 to 1.98 immediately after thinning. A significant LAI recovery was verified six months after thinning, when reached 2.99, increasing up to 3.11 at the age of 68 months. The LAI of the non thinned forest was 22.6% higher than that of the thinned forest, at the age of 68 months. This indicates the capacity of remnant trees after thinning to keep expanding their crown. Photosynthetic active radiation transmissivity (t%) increased from 11.9 to 22.7%, shortly after thinning, and, at the age of 68 months, it reduced to 16.8%, due to leaf recover. In the non thinned forest, transmissivity was 9.6%, which is significantly smaller than in the thinned forest. The vegetation cover index obtained from digital photographs, at the age of 55 months, reduced significantly with thinning, from 0.83 to 0.69, and, at the age of 68 months, it was only 0.70, showing that this method was less sensitive to crown dynamic, if compared to the method using the LAI and t%. By the age of 68 months, a great quantity of medium and large branches was observed on trees which were not pruned up to the height of 6 m from the soil, showing the importance of the artificial pruning. These branches are responsible for the presence of knots in the sawn boards. At this age, the plants in the thinned forest showed a greater quantity of leaves and live branches in the lower strata than those in the non thinned forest, due to the higher competition in the non thinned forest. Litter accumulation, at the age of 55 months, was of 5.48, 3.37 and 0.50 ton/ha of leaves, branches and bark, respectively. No significant differences, at 5% probability, were observed between the artificial pruning treatments, for the growth in height, diameter and volume, independently of the age of the first pruning intervention, up to 68 months. At this age, the growth in diameter of the remaining (superior) trees in the thinned forest was slightly higher than for the superior trees in the non thinned forest. At 55 and 68 months of age, it was observed a greater proportion of larger trees in the plots that received the first pruning intervention at the age of 20 months, as compared to those pruned at 16 and 28 months. The overall results indicated that pruning treatment applied to this clone had no detrimental effect on plant growth. Therefore, it should be applied as early as possible to produce larger extension of clear wood. Also, based on the crown recovery of the clone studied, one year after thinning, it can be expected that the remnant tree will present higher diameter growth rate. / Não foi localizado o cpf do autor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 calonego_fw_me_botfca.pdf: 1047073 bytes, checksum: 21280f1c5afee5c936363dd679a08263 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / The present study to have to do as aim to determine the log steaming time its involvement on the sawing process and on the drying of Eucalyptus grandis wood. In order to do it so, were used logs with diameter of 20 at <25, 25 at <30 and 30 at <35 cm, from the Horto Florestal, Manduri, São Paulo. The logs were heated during 20 hours at 90ºC of temperature and 100% of relative humidity. For the adaptation of the logs heating general model developed by Steinhagen to make use of thermocouples fixed it logs center and a datalogger recorded the time and real temperature at each minute. Later the logs were sawing for width tangential system and measuring of the defects resulted from the growth stress were performed with intention to evaluate the effect of steaming treatment and the growth stress behavior with logs diameters. The sawn wood was dry in the dry-kiln and were available the dry defects of the sawn wood deriving as much the control logs as the steamed logs. The results indicate that: the log steaming time determination general model developed by Steinhagen don't is applied for eucalypts and that are necessary the use of the adjustment factors that provided the used them model for studied kind; the logs steaming provided the release of a great part of the growth stress, without, however, eliminate them completely, showing, nevertheless, that this treatment to be feasible and advisable for the growth stress relief; there are among the boards a difference on the growth stress magnitude with the logs diameters showing that the bigger logs to produce boards to be inclined cracks and that logs with diameter smaller to develop biggest boards opening during the sawing process; across of the drying schedules used so much boards provided of the control logs as the heated logs don't to presented collapse e that the warping and end checks were smaller in the heated material; the boards provided... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Elias Taylor Durgante Severo / Banca: Claudio Angeli Sansígolo / Banca: Geraldo Bortoletto Junior / Abstract: The present study to have to do as aim to determine the log steaming time its involvement on the sawing process and on the drying of Eucalyptus grandis wood. In order to do it so, were used logs with diameter of 20 at <25, 25 at <30 and 30 at <35 cm, from the Horto Florestal, Manduri, São Paulo. The logs were heated during 20 hours at 90ºC of temperature and 100% of relative humidity. For the adaptation of the logs heating general model developed by Steinhagen to make use of thermocouples fixed it logs center and a datalogger recorded the time and real temperature at each minute. Later the logs were sawing for width tangential system and measuring of the defects resulted from the growth stress were performed with intention to evaluate the effect of steaming treatment and the growth stress behavior with logs diameters. The sawn wood was dry in the dry-kiln and were available the dry defects of the sawn wood deriving as much the control logs as the steamed logs. The results indicate that: the log steaming time determination general model developed by Steinhagen don't is applied for eucalypts and that are necessary the use of the adjustment factors that provided the used them model for studied kind; the logs steaming provided the release of a great part of the growth stress, without, however, eliminate them completely, showing, nevertheless, that this treatment to be feasible and advisable for the growth stress relief; there are among the boards a difference on the growth stress magnitude with the logs diameters showing that the bigger logs to produce boards to be inclined cracks and that logs with diameter smaller to develop biggest boards opening during the sawing process; across of the drying schedules used so much boards provided of the control logs as the heated logs don't to presented collapse e that the warping and end checks were smaller in the heated material; the boards provided... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Coorientador: Edson Seizo Mori / Banca: Alexandre Magno Sebbenn / Banca: Leo Zimback / Resumo: O Eucalyptus grandis é uma das espécies mais plantadas no Brasil devido às características silviculturais e a sua adaptação a diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, o que possibilita resultados significativos de rendimento volumétrico. Diversas procedências e progênies vêm sendo estudadas com o propósito de se conhecer a estrutura genética destas populações, o que facilitará a obtenção de material genético adequado ao desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento florestal no país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o zoneamento ecológico por meio da análise de estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade de progênies de Eucalyptus grandis, utilizando-se do método MHPRVG (média harmônica da performance relativa dos valores genéticos) preditos por BLUP e estimar a variabilidade genética a partir de caracteres quantitativos. Foram instalados quatro testes de progênies de polinização aberta nos municípios de Anhembi, Avaré, Itararé e Pratânia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro e seis repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Um total de 153 a 160 tratamentos (progênies) foram avaliados para diâmetro a altura do peito, altura das árvores e volume, nos quatro ensaios as medições foram realizadas aos 12 e 24 meses de idade. Os parâmetros genéticos, para o estudo de estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade dos genótipos de E. grandis, foram estimados por meio da metodologia REML/BLUP. Os altos valores encontrados para o coeficiente de variação genética demostram que existe alta variabilidade genética entre as progênies, corroboradas com altas herdabilidades médias, os efeitos da interação genótipos ambientes foram significativos. O método da MHPRVG permitiu a seleção de progênies com alto potencial produtivo predito, classificadas simultaneamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Eucalyptus grandis is a species grown in Brazil due to forest features and their adaptation to different climatic conditions, which enables significant results of volumetric efficiency. Several provenances and progenies have been studied in order to understand the genetic structure of these populations, which will facilitate the acquisition of genetic material suitable for development of forest breeding programs in the country. The objective of this study was realize the ecological zoning through the analysis of stability, adaptability and productivity of progenies of Eucalyptus grandis, using the method MHPRVG (harmonic mean of the relative performance of the predicted genetic values) predicted by BLUP and estimate the genetic variability from quantitative traits. Were installed four sites of Open-pollinated progenies in the municipalities of Anhembi, Avaré, Itararé and Pratânia. Were established in a randomized complete blocks design with the families at each site numbering from 153 to 160, the blocks at each site numbering from four to six and the trees per plot ranging from to six, were evaluated for trees diameter at breast height, height and volume, at four sites measurements were at 12 and 24 months. The genetics parameters for study of stability, adaptability and productivity of genotype of E. grandis, were estimate by genetic REML/BLUP. The high values found for coefficient of genetic variation showing high genetic variability among progenies, corroborated with high heritability means, the effects of genotype x environments were significant. The method of MHPRVG allowed the selection of progenies with high yield potential predicted, classified simultaneous by productivity, stability and adaptability. The high values of heritability means of progenies above 67% progeny allow anticipating the successful selection of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_ac_me_botfca.pdf: 352756 bytes, checksum: e94f547138bf0223054b6f08ecb6ee76 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Eucalyptus grandis é uma das espécies mais plantadas no Brasil devido às características silviculturais e a sua adaptação a diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, o que possibilita resultados significativos de rendimento volumétrico. Diversas procedências e progênies vêm sendo estudadas com o propósito de se conhecer a estrutura genética destas populações, o que facilitará a obtenção de material genético adequado ao desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento florestal no país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o zoneamento ecológico por meio da análise de estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade de progênies de Eucalyptus grandis, utilizando-se do método MHPRVG (média harmônica da performance relativa dos valores genéticos) preditos por BLUP e estimar a variabilidade genética a partir de caracteres quantitativos. Foram instalados quatro testes de progênies de polinização aberta nos municípios de Anhembi, Avaré, Itararé e Pratânia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro e seis repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Um total de 153 a 160 tratamentos (progênies) foram avaliados para diâmetro a altura do peito, altura das árvores e volume, nos quatro ensaios as medições foram realizadas aos 12 e 24 meses de idade. Os parâmetros genéticos, para o estudo de estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade dos genótipos de E. grandis, foram estimados por meio da metodologia REML/BLUP. Os altos valores encontrados para o coeficiente de variação genética demostram que existe alta variabilidade genética entre as progênies, corroboradas com altas herdabilidades médias, os efeitos da interação genótipos ambientes foram significativos. O método da MHPRVG permitiu a seleção de progênies com alto potencial produtivo predito, classificadas simultaneamente... / The Eucalyptus grandis is a species grown in Brazil due to forest features and their adaptation to different climatic conditions, which enables significant results of volumetric efficiency. Several provenances and progenies have been studied in order to understand the genetic structure of these populations, which will facilitate the acquisition of genetic material suitable for development of forest breeding programs in the country. The objective of this study was realize the ecological zoning through the analysis of stability, adaptability and productivity of progenies of Eucalyptus grandis, using the method MHPRVG (harmonic mean of the relative performance of the predicted genetic values) predicted by BLUP and estimate the genetic variability from quantitative traits. Were installed four sites of Open-pollinated progenies in the municipalities of Anhembi, Avaré, Itararé and Pratânia. Were established in a randomized complete blocks design with the families at each site numbering from 153 to 160, the blocks at each site numbering from four to six and the trees per plot ranging from to six, were evaluated for trees diameter at breast height, height and volume, at four sites measurements were at 12 and 24 months. The genetics parameters for study of stability, adaptability and productivity of genotype of E. grandis, were estimate by genetic REML/BLUP. The high values found for coefficient of genetic variation showing high genetic variability among progenies, corroborated with high heritability means, the effects of genotype x environments were significant. The method of MHPRVG allowed the selection of progenies with high yield potential predicted, classified simultaneous by productivity, stability and adaptability. The high values of heritability means of progenies above 67% progeny allow anticipating the successful selection of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)