Thesis(MSc. Dental Science)-- Univesrity of the Western Cape, 2008. / Includes bibliographic references (leaves 54-61).

<p>This was a cross-sectional study done in Lagos, Nigeria on 114 dentists. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of dentists towards the concept of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). This study also attempted to create an awareness of this concept in the minds of previously uninformed dentists as well as demonstrate its need in continuous professional education via seminars, updates, lectures and short-term courses in Lagos, Nigeria.</p>

<p>This was a cross-sectional study done in Lagos, Nigeria on 114 dentists. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of dentists towards the concept of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). This study also attempted to create an awareness of this concept in the minds of previously uninformed dentists as well as demonstrate its need in continuous professional education via seminars, updates, lectures and short-term courses in Lagos, Nigeria.</p>

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / This was a cross-sectional study done in Lagos, Nigeria on 114 dentists. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of dentists towards the concept of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). This study also attempted to create an awareness of this concept in the minds of previously uninformed dentists as well as demonstrate its need in continuous professional education via seminars, updates, lectures and short-term courses in Lagos, Nigeria. / South Africa

Evidence-based dentistry (EBD), an evolving educational tool that started its rise in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s, is being used more every year in dentistry. EBD combines the most current scientific and clinical evidence with the dentists’ expertise and the patients’ needs and preferences to formulate the best option to treat the patient. Since patients are taking more time to research their oral health issues before seeing their dentists, the dentists and the dental team must be prepared for all types of questions. Having the tools necessary to understand the latest and most significant research allows dental professionals to consistently educate themselves. However, there is no independent committee that handles the current issues facing dentistry. Using the topic of asymptomatic removal of third molars as a framework for EBD education, it can be used to help improve how schools educate their students. It is important that both the dental community and the public understand the scientific literature behind the removal of third molars because the existing practice of removing third molars without adverse symptoms is not statistically supported. Unfortunately, there is not enough evidence in favor of either side of the situation. Major databases, like PubMed, contain very little research on the asymptomatic removal of third molars, and those studies were not done recently. For EBD to be successful in dentistry, it must function in the clinical environment, but initial training in the concepts of EBD must start during pre-doctoral education. The dental practitioner still must rely on his or her own experience, but the patient must also trust his or her dentist. EBD is based on trust because it is based on the trust you have demonstrated through your skills and your usage of all available resources. If the dentist can compile pertinent scientific data and information to share with the patient and make the best decision together, then the use of EBD will be beneficial to the field of dentistry.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Oral health promotion interventions (OHPI) seek to achieve sustainable oral health improvements through actions directed at the underlying determinants of oral health. Clinical trials often promise levels of effectiveness which are not actually achieved in general use, indicating problems with implementation. This study set out to identify an OHPI for which there was strong evidence of effectiveness and then aimed to explore issues that arose in the implementation of that intervention. Research methods A sequential portfolio design was utilised. The first phase involved systematic reviews of literature to identify existing community based OHPI and interventions shown to be effective in reducing dental caries. These were also examined to determine whether the existing evidence base was informative about the process of implementing best evidence. Systematic reviews were undertaken on effectiveness of: supervised toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpastes, supervised fluoridated mouthrinsing and promotion of dietary behaviours, all, in school children. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and BNI electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2013. In total, 47 studies were included in the reviews: 21 studies on supervised toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpastes, 12 on fluoridated mouthrinsing and 14 studies on healthy dietary behaviours towards caries prevention. The second phase was a qualitative research study, which was undertaken to explore the experiences, and perceptions of participants involved in decision-making, planning and delivery of one specific community based OHPI (supervised toothbrushing) in the North East of England. Nineteen participants (NHS and school staff) participated in the qualitative study. Knowledge translation in oral health promotion One-to-one interviews and focus groups interviews were conducted with the participants. Normalisation Process Theory constructs informed the development of the interview guides and was also used in data analysis. In the third phase of the study, an integration of the findings of the first and second phases of the study was conducted. Results In the systematic reviews of literature conducted, the various levels of clinical effectiveness identified were influenced by appropriate and regular fluoride use, involvement of OHP specialists, supervision by parents and the free provision and availability of materials. There was however a general lack of comprehensive information on all aspects of implementation of OHPI. In the second phase of the study, an exploration of barriers to implementation of an OHPI revealed the following: -inadequate utilisation of research evidence -gaps in leadership and management structures -non- investment in engagement and ownership of the intervention -challenges with partnership working and evaluation of implementation of OHPI. Conclusions Availability of evidence of effectiveness of an intervention does not imply that the intervention will be successful when rolled out. Published articles on evidence-based interventions do not have comprehensive information on the mechanisms and workability of the processes required for effective implementation of OHPI. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) enabled the exploration of factors that could facilitate knowledge translation and successful implementation of OHPI. In previous studies, NPT was used to evaluate effectiveness of interventions; in this study it was used to explore the implementation process of an OHPI and has highlighted the need for Knowledge translation in oral health promotion oral health promotion strategy makers and commissioners to revisit the “sense-making” aspect of evidence implementation, to reflect on the need for investing in all members of the team, to encourage the ‘ownership’ of interventions being implemented. In addition, there is a need to review existing leadership and management structures and to re-examine and amend the processes by which OHPI are monitored and reported. These measures would enable maximised effectiveness and sustainability of clinically effective OHPI.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-18T15:29:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Bellotti Ferreira - 2013.pdf: 4657575 bytes, checksum: 881b1f7144b77397266ea80272d3ff50 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-18T15:32:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Bellotti Ferreira - 2013.pdf: 4657575 bytes, checksum: 881b1f7144b77397266ea80272d3ff50 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-18T15:32:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Bellotti Ferreira - 2013.pdf: 4657575 bytes, checksum: 881b1f7144b77397266ea80272d3ff50 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Providing evidence from clinical research is necessary but not enough for the provision of optimal care. Knowledge creation, distillation and dissemination are not enough in their own to ensure the use of knowledge in decision-making. Recognition of this issue has created interest in knowledge translation, also known as KT, which is defined as the methods for closing the gaps from knowledge to practice. In the context of dental implants, technological advances and the evolution of knowledge grew exponentially in the last decade, but little is known about the application of this knowledge in clinical practice. In particular, at the practice of those who should be in a first level, the knowledge multipliers (Masters / PhD). Goal: Identify changes at clinical behavior of a group of specialists which had additional training in the strict sense level (masters and / or PhD), how these changes were perceived, which methods of knowledge translation were reported and the barriers that act as an impediment for the knowledge translation process. Methodology: In this exploratory and qualitative research, the instrument used was an audio recorded interview, open, semi-structured and in-depth. The target population was composed of four dentists experts who work with dental implants and had additional training in the strict sense level (Masters/PhD). They were interviewed one at a time by the same interviewer (researcher). The interviews were manually transcribed by the interviewer and structured into categories and sub-categories that emerged according to the research objective. Results: The results showed that there were changes in clinical practice of these professionals and that, methods such as reading scientific articles and conversations with colleagues were important in this process. The lack of interest and ability to pursue scientific articles were reported as barriers to KT. Conclusions: Changes in clinical practice occurred in this group and that the combination of different methods and visualization colleagues in clinical practice are important factors in KT process. Deepening on these methods, which effectively are able to change clinical practice, opens new perspectives in the teaching / learning process focus on evidence-based practice. / As evidências científicas são importantes e necessárias, mas não são suficientes para garantir a excelência no cuidado à saúde, ou seja, a simples criação, sistematização e disseminação do conhecimento não garantem, por si só, o uso desse conhecimento na prática clínica. É crescente a busca do entendimento e aprimoramento do que se denominou “Tradução do Conhecimento”, termo utilizado para descrever os métodos de transpor a distância existente entre o conhecimento e a sua aplicação na prática clínica. No contexto dos implantes dentários, os avanços tecnológicos e a evolução do conhecimento tiveram um crescimento exponencial na última década, mas pouco se sabe a respeito da aplicação desse conhecimento na prática clínica. Em especial, na prática daqueles que deveriam ser, em um primeiro nível, os multiplicadores do referido conhecimento (mestres/doutores). Objetivo: Identificar as mudanças no comportamento clínico de especialistas que trabalham com implantes dentários, que tiveram formação adicional em nível estrito senso (mestrado e/ou doutorado), bem como de que forma essas mudanças foram percebidas, quais métodos de tradução do conhecimento foram importantes neste processo e quais barreiras forma relatadas como impedimento. Métodos: Nesta pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, o instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista gravada em áudio, aberta, semi-estruturada e em profundidade. A população alvo foi composta por quatro cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas, que trabalham com implantes dentários e teve formação adicional em nível estrito senso (mestrado e/ou doutorado). Estes foram entrevistados um de cada vez pelo mesmo entrevistador (pesquisador). As entrevistas foram transcritas manualmente pelo entrevistador e estruturadas em categorias e subcategorias que emergiram de acordo com o objetivo da pesquisa. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que houve mudanças na prática clínica dos profissionais investigados e que métodos como leitura de artigos científicos e conversas com colegas foram importantes nesse processo. A falta de interesse e de habilidade em buscar artigos científicos foram barreiras relatadas com impedimentos para a mudança da prática clínica. Conclusões: Mudanças na prática clínica ocorreram nesse grupo, que ao longo de suas formações profissionais tiveram contato com diversos métodos de tradução do conhecimento e que a associação de diferentes métodos e a visualização de colegas na prática clínica são fatores importantes nesse processo de tradução. Aprofundar sobre esses métodos, que de forma efetiva, são capazes de mudar a prática clínica nos abre novas perspectivas no processo ensino/aprendizagem com foco na prática baseada em evidências científicas.

Introduction: Bien que l'importance de transférer les données de la recherche à la pratique a été largement démontrée, ce processus est toujours lent et fait face à plusieurs défis tels que la conceptualisation des évidences, la validité interne et externe de la recherche scientifique et les coûts élevés de la collecte de grandes quantités de données axées sur le patient. Les dossiers dentaires des patients contiennent des renseignements valables qui donneraient aux chercheurs cliniques une opportunité d'utiliser un large éventail d'informations quantitatives ou qualitatives. La standardisation du dossier clinique permettrait d’échanger et de réutiliser des données dans différents domaines de recherche. Objectifs: Le but de cette étude était de concevoir un dossier patient axé sur la recherche dans le domaine de la prosthodontie amovible à la clinique de premier cycle de l’Université de Montréal. Méthodes: Cette étude a utilisé des méthodes de recherche-action avec 4 étapes séquentielles : l'identification des problèmes, la collecte et l'interprétation des données, la planification et l’évaluation de l'action. Les participants de l'étude (n=14) incluaient des professeurs, des chercheurs cliniques et des instructeurs cliniques dans le domaine de la prosthodontie amovible. La collecte des données a été menée à l’aide d’une revue de littérature ciblée et complète sur les résultats en prosthodontie ainsi que par le biais de discussions de groupes et d’entrevues. Les données qualitatives ont été analysées en utilisant QDA Miner 3.2.3. Résultats: Les participants de l'étude ont soulevé plusieurs points absents au formulaire actuel de prosthodontie à la clinique de premier cycle. Ils ont partagé leurs idées pour la conception d'un nouveau dossier-patient basé sur 3 objectifs principaux: les objectifs cliniques, éducatifs et de recherche. Les principaux sujets d’intérêt en prosthodontie amovibles, les instruments appropriés ainsi que les paramètres cliniques ont été sélectionnés par le groupe de recherche. Ces résultats ont été intégrés dans un nouveau formulaire basé sur cette consultation. La pertinence du nouveau formulaire a été évaluée par le même groupe d'experts et les modifications requises ont été effectuées. Les participants de l'étude ont convenu que le cycle de recherche-action doit être poursuivi afin d'évaluer la faisabilité d’implémentation de ce dossier modifié dans un cadre universitaire. Conclusion: Cette étude est une première étape pour développer une base de données dans le domaine de la prothodontie amovible. La recherche-action est une méthode de recherche utile dans ce processus, et les éducateurs académiques sont bien placés pour mener ce type de recherche. / Introduction: Although the importance of research translating into practice has been widely recognized, this process is still slow and faces several barriers such as conceptualizations of evidence, internal and external validity of the evidence and high costs of providing large amounts of patient-based outcome data. Patient’s dental records contain valuable information that would give clinical researchers an opportunity to use a wide range of quantitative or qualitative information. Standardization of clinical record would allow the interoperability and reusability of data in different research fields. Objectives: The aim of this study was to design a research-based patient record in the field of removable prosthodontics in the undergraduate clinic of the “Université de Montréal.” Methods: This study used action research methods with 4 sequential steps: problem identification, gathering and interpreting data, action planning, and action evaluation. Study participants included professors, clinical researchers, and clinical instructors in the field of removable prosthodontics. Data collection consisted of a comprehensive literature review on prosthodontic outcomes as well as focus-group discussions and interviews. The qualitative data were analysed using QDA Miner 3.2.3. Results: The study participants raised several concerns about the deficiencies of the existing patients’ prosthodontic record in the undergraduate clinic. They shared their ideas for designing a new patient record based on 3 key objectives: clinical, educational, and research objectives. The prosthodontic outcomes of interest and appropriate instruments as well as the clinical parameters were selected by the research group and were integrated into a new research-based record. The appropriateness of the new record has been evaluated by the same panel of experts and the necessary modifications have been carried out. The study participants agreed that the action research cycle should be continued to evaluate the feasibility of the implementation of this redesigned record in the university-based setting. Conclusion: This study is a beginning effort to develop a database in the field of removable prosthodontics. Action research is a useful research method in this process, and academic educators are well placed to conduct such research.