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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Karyotypová diferenciace štírů rodu Euscorpius (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) v Evropě / Karyotype differentiation of Euscorpius scorpions (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) in Europe

Novotný, Tomáš January 2012 (has links)
The aim of presented work is to provide characteristics of the karyotypes of scorpions of the genus Euscorpius. Genus Euscorpius is a typical representative of scorpions in Europe. Its occurrence is wide throughout Europe. Until now, 18 species of this genus have been described. In this work six species were karyologically analyzed and one species was shown to possess only basic diploid number of chromosomes: E. carpathicus - 2n=90, E. concinnus - 2n=88, E. hadzii - 2n=68, E. sicanus - 2n=66, E. tergestinus - 2n=60, E. naupliensis - 2n=60, E. italicus - 2n=36. Description of the karyotypes revealed that all species studied exhibit achiasmatic meiosis; no presence of sex chromosomes was detected. The basic hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships and karyotype evolution of the genus Euscorpius was outlined. High interspecies variability in chromosome total count was found and by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene the taxonomic status of the species was confirmed. Hence, it seems that cytogenetic methods can contribute to the understanding of species diversity and differentiation of possible cryptic species within the genus Euscorpius.
2

Estudo da evolução cariotípica de espécies do gênero Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) de córregos da região de Cuiabá/MT / Study of karyotype evolution of Ancistrus genus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) of streams from Cuiabá region/MT

Marcorin de Oliveira, Flávia 16 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by FLAVIA MARCORIN DE OLIVEIRA null (flaviamarcorindeoliveira@gmail.com) on 2016-06-30T18:11:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flávia Marcorin versão final.pdf: 2914788 bytes, checksum: da4eb36add8e9d52d25649b86df175e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-04T18:08:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_fm_me_rcla.pdf: 2914788 bytes, checksum: da4eb36add8e9d52d25649b86df175e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-04T18:08:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_fm_me_rcla.pdf: 2914788 bytes, checksum: da4eb36add8e9d52d25649b86df175e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A família Loricariidae é uma das mais diversificadas da ordem Siluriformes, com espécies distribuídas entre sete subfamílias: Hypoptopomatinae, Loricariinae, Hypostominae, Neoplecostominae, Lithogeninae, Delturinae e Ancistrinae. As espécies do gênero Ancistrus Kner, 1854, pertencem à subfamília Ancistrinae, têm mostrado grande variação cariotípica, além de características interessantes do ponto de vista citogenético como a presença de cromossomos sexuais e polimorfismos cromossômicos. Desta forma o objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar os cromossomos de quatro espécies do gênero Ancistrus (Ancistrus sp. 1 “cupim”, Ancistrus sp. 2 “cupim”, Ancistrus sp. “mutuca” e Ancistrus sp. “soberbo”) pertencentes à bacia do Paraguai utilizando técnicas de citogenética clássica e molecular para melhor compreensão da evolução cariotípica dessas espécies. As espécies estudadas apresentaram número diploide variando de 2n=42 a 2n=54, NOR localizadas em regiões pericentroméricas e terminais, além de heteromorfismo de tamanho dessas regiões (NOR) em um dos homólogos nas quatro espécies estudadas. O bandamento C mostrou presença de pouca heterocromatina com exceção das espécies Ancistrus sp. 2 “cupim” e Ancistrus sp. “soberbo” que apresentaram dois blocos grandes de heterocromatina em um par de cromossomos, tanto nos machos quanto nas fêmeas. Um exemplar fêmea da espécie Ancistrus sp. 1 “cupim” também apresentou um bloco grande de heterocromatina em um dos homólogos do par 7, sendo esses resultados indicativos de provável relação entre esses blocos de heterocromatina e a diferenciação de cromossomos sexuais. Os resultados obtidos pela técnica de FISH utilizando sondas de DNAr 18S e 5S mostraram que o DNAr 18S está localizado na mesma região da NOR, o DNAr 5S está distribuído em quatro e cinco pares cromossômicos e o double FISH não mostrou co-localização desses genes. No entanto as espécies Ancistrus sp. 2 “cupim” e Ancistrus sp. “soberbo” mostraram variação nos resultados com marcações de DNAr em blocos de heterocromatina. O uso de sonda telomérica mostrou marcações nos telômeros dos cromossomos das quatro espécies estudadas e marcação pericentromérica em um par de cromossomos da espécie Ancistrus sp. 2 “cupim”. Nossos resultados evidenciam possíveis rearranjos cromossômicos do tipo fusão cêntrica, contribuindo com a redução do número diploide e inversões pericêntricas e paracêntricas resultando na localização dos sítios de DNAr. / The Loricariidae family is one of the most diversified of the Siluriformes order, with species distributed in seven subfamilies: Hypoptopomatinae, Loricariinae, Hypostominae, Neoplecostominae, Lithogeninae, Delturinae and Ancistrinae. The species of the genus Ancistrus Kner, 1854, belong to the subfamily Ancistrinae, have shown great karyotype variation, and interesting features of the cytogenetic point of view as the presence of sex chromosomes and chromosome polymorphisms. Thus the aim of this study was to characterize the chromosomes of four species of Ancistrus genus (Ancistrus sp. 1 "cupim", Ancistrus sp. 2 "cupim", Ancistrus sp. "mutuca" and Ancistrus sp. "soberbo") belonging to Paraguay basin using techniques of classical and molecular cytogenetics to better understand the karyotype evolution of these species. The species showed diploid number ranging from 2n = 42 to 2n = 54, NOR located in pericentomeric and terminal regions, and these regions size heteromorphism (NOR) in one of the homologous in the four species. The C-banding showed the presence of few heterochromatin with the exception of species Ancistrus sp. 2 "cupim" and Ancistrus sp. "soberbo" that had two large blocks of heterochromatin in a pair of chromosomes in both males and females. An exemplary female of the species Ancistrus sp. 1 "cupim" also presented a large block of heterochromatin in one of the pair of 7 homologous, and these results indicating probable relationship between these heterochromatin blocks and differentiation of sex chromosomes. The results obtained by FISH technique using probes 18S rDNA and 5S showed that the 18S rDNA is located in the same region of NOR, the 5S rDNA is distributed in four and five chromosome pairs and double FISH showed colocalization of these genes. However of Ancistrus species sp. 2 "cupim" and Ancistrus sp. "soberbo" showed variation in results with rDNA markings in heterochromatin blocks. The use of telomeric probe showed markings on the telomeres of the chromosomes of four species studied and pericentromeric marking on a pair of chromosomes of the species Ancistrus sp. 2 "cupim". Our results indicate possible chromosomal rearrangements type fusion centric, contributing to the reduction of the diploid number and pericentric inversions and paracentric resulting in the location of rDNA sites. / FAPESP: 2015/05993-3

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