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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

On the Bidirectional Vortex Engine Flowfield with Arbitrary Endwall Injection

Akiki, Georges 01 August 2011 (has links)
In an attempt to generalize previous models of the bidirectional vortex mean flow, a new solution is presented that can cope with arbitrary injections and outlet conditions. In the process, the steady, inviscid and axisymmetric equations of motions are reduced to one partial differential equation for the stream function, known as the Bragg-Hawthorne equation, which is solved exactly. The solution is shown to be highly dependent on the imposed boundary conditions: the mean flow changes according to the manner by which the fluid is injected or extracted from the vortex chamber. From the stream function, the velocity is obtained along with the vorticity and pressure distributions which are carefully derived and analyzed. The results are then compared to several inviscid models found in the literature. After determining an exact inviscid solution to the problem, viscous effects at the core are added to overcome the known singularity that arises at the centerline. The governing equations are hence revisited while keeping the viscous diffusion term in the tangential momentum equation. The core region, where viscous effects lead to the onset of a forced vortex, is rescaled using appropriate transformations. An asymptotic approximation is then applied to linearize and solve the resulting ODE for the tangential vi velocity. The inner viscous solution is then matched to the outer inviscid result using Prandtl’s Matching Principle. Finally, the viscous correction is passed onto the vorticity and pressure formulations.
2

A Perturbation-inspired Method of Generating Exact Solutions in General Relativity

Wilson, Brian James 13 April 2010 (has links)
General relativity has a small number of known, exact solutions which model astronomically relevant systems. These models are highly idealized situations. Either perturbation theory or numerical simulations are typically needed to produce more realistic models. Numerical simulations are time-consuming and suffer from a difficulty in interpreting the results. In addition, global properties of numerical solutions are nearly impossible to uncover. On the other hand, standard perturbation methods are very difficult to implement beyond the second order, which means they barely scratch the surface of non-linear phenomena which distinguishes general relativity from Newtonian gravity. This work develops a method of finding exact solutions, inspired by perturbation theory, which have energy-momentum tensor components that approximately satisfy desired relationships. We find a spherical lump of matter which has a density profile $\mu \propto r^{-2}$ in a Robertson-Walker background; it looks like a galaxy in an expanding universe. We also find a plane-symmetric perturbation of a Bianchi type I metric with a density profile $\mu \propto z^{-2}$; it models a jet impacting a sheet-like structure. The former solution involves a wormhole while the latter involves a two dimensional singularity. These are both non-linear structures which perturbation theory can never produce.
3

A Perturbation-inspired Method of Generating Exact Solutions in General Relativity

Wilson, Brian James 13 April 2010 (has links)
General relativity has a small number of known, exact solutions which model astronomically relevant systems. These models are highly idealized situations. Either perturbation theory or numerical simulations are typically needed to produce more realistic models. Numerical simulations are time-consuming and suffer from a difficulty in interpreting the results. In addition, global properties of numerical solutions are nearly impossible to uncover. On the other hand, standard perturbation methods are very difficult to implement beyond the second order, which means they barely scratch the surface of non-linear phenomena which distinguishes general relativity from Newtonian gravity. This work develops a method of finding exact solutions, inspired by perturbation theory, which have energy-momentum tensor components that approximately satisfy desired relationships. We find a spherical lump of matter which has a density profile $\mu \propto r^{-2}$ in a Robertson-Walker background; it looks like a galaxy in an expanding universe. We also find a plane-symmetric perturbation of a Bianchi type I metric with a density profile $\mu \propto z^{-2}$; it models a jet impacting a sheet-like structure. The former solution involves a wormhole while the latter involves a two dimensional singularity. These are both non-linear structures which perturbation theory can never produce.
4

Soluções das equações de campo de Einstein para fluidos perfeitos estáticos com simetria esférica

Ivo Martins Daher 07 August 2008 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta dissertação, procuramos soluções exatas das equações de campo de Einstein em Relatividade Geral que descrevem um fluido perfeito em um espaço-tempo estático com simetria esférica. A técnica utilizada para encontrar essas soluções é o algoritmo de Kovacic, que pode ser aplicado a equações diferenciais ordinárias lineares e homogêneas de segunda ordem com coeficientes racionais. Esse algoritmo é capaz de nos dar soluções fechadas em termos de funções liouvillianas, se tal equação tiver esse tipo de solução. Para esse fim, vários sistemas de coordenadas foram investigados até encontrar o que fosse mais adequado à aplicação do algoritmo. Impondo que a função da métrica 11 g seja racional, ficamos com uma equação diferencial linear e homogênea de segunda ordem que tem coeficientes racionais. Nesse trabalho, as formas arbitradas foram: g11=-A/4x x-z1/x-Z1, g11=-A/4x x-z1/(x-Z1)(x-Z2), g11=-A/4x (x-z1) (x-z2)/x-Z1 e g11= -A/4x (x-z1) (x-z2)/ 4x(x-Z1) (x-Z2) onde x é uma coordenada espacial da métrica e Α, z1 , z2 , Z1 e Z2 são parâmetros dos modelos. Depois de obter soluções analíticas, verificamos se elas satisfazem determinadas condições físicas e, então, poderiam ser utilizadas como modelos de estrelas de nêutrons sem rotação (estrelas de alta densidade).
5

Estudo teórico da transferência de calor e massa na secagem de tijolos cerâmicos com forma paralelepipédica.

BRITO, Mirenia Teixeira de. 26 July 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-26T00:19:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRENIA TEIXEIRA DE BRITO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 2934024 bytes, checksum: a97bbc89edeb4fcef99b50e06097f51e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T00:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRENIA TEIXEIRA DE BRITO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2017.pdf: 2934024 bytes, checksum: a97bbc89edeb4fcef99b50e06097f51e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 / Capes / Na manufatura de materiais cerâmicos argilosos, o produto é submetido as etapas de moldagem, secagem e queima. A secagem é um processo termodinâmico, por meio do qual ocorre a redução do teor de umidade do sólido, mediante o fornecimento de energia ao mesmo. Durante a secagem, dependendo das condições operacionais, podem surgir trincas, deformações e empenamentos que contribuem para reduzir a qualidade do produto póssecagem. O transporte de umidade, do interior para superfície do material, pode ocorrer na forma líquida e/ou vapor, dependendo do tipo de produto e do percentual de umidade presente. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo analítico da secagem de sólidos paralelepipédicos. Foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático tridimensional transiente, baseado nas Leis de Fourier e de Fick, para predizer a transferência de calor e massa que ocorre no sólido, considerando propriedades termo físicas constantes e condições de contorno de 3ª espécie (convecção). Todo formalismo matemático e solução analítica via método de separação de variáveis das equações diferenciais parciais que compõem o modelo referenciado foram apresentadas. Para obtenção dos resultados, foi desenvolvido um código computacional no ambiente do software Mathematica®. Aplicação foi dada secagem de tijolos cerâmicos comuns. Resultados simulados das cinéticas de aquecimento e secagem do sólido paralelepipédico, bem como as distribuições do teor de umidade e temperatura durante o processo são apresentados e discutidos. Verificou-se que o coeficiente de difusão de massa se mostra dependente do tipo de argila, teor de umidade inicial da amostra e da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar de secagem, variando de 0,22x10 -8 a 2,73x10-8m2/s, quando a temperatura aumentou de 60 para 110ºC, respectivamente, e que os vértices do sólido cerâmico secam e se aquecem mais rápido, gerando nessa região tensões que podem provocar trincas e deformações que podem comprometer a qualidade final do produto. / In the manufacture of clay ceramic materials, the product undergoes the steps of molding, drying and firing. Drying is a thermodynamic process which occurs through the reduction of the moisture content of the solid by supplying energy thereto. During drying, depending on operating conditions may arise cracks, deformation and warping which contribute to reducing the quality of the product after drying. Moisture transport from the center to surface of the product can occur in liquid and/or vapor form, depending on the type of product and moisture content. This work presents an analytical study of the drying of a parallelepiped solid. It was developed a transient and three dimensional mathematical model based on Fourier and Fick's Laws to predict heat and mass transfer that occurs in the solid, considering constant thermo physical properties and boundary conditions of 3rd kind (convection). All mathematical formalism and analytical solution of the partial differential equations using the method of separation of variables of has been presented. For obtain the results, it was developed a computational code using the Mathematica ®commercial software. Application was done to ceramic brick drying. Simulated results of heating and drying kinetics of the parallelepiped solid, as well as of moisture content and temperature distributions during the process are presented and discussed. It was found that the mass diffusion coefficient is dependent on the chemical composition of clay (clay type), initial moisture content of the sample and temperature and relative humidity of drying air varying from 0.22x10-8 to 2.73x10 -8m2/s, when the temperature increased from 60 to 110ºC, respectively, and that the vertex of the ceramic solid dry and heat more fast generating stress in this region which can provokes cracks and deformation that can a affect the final quality of the product. The control of the drying process is extremely important, because depending on the material during the drying process, there may be considerable deformation in manufactured products, ranging from thermal and water stress, thereby increasing process costs and losses of companies.
6

Soluções das equações de campo de Einstein para fluidos perfeitos estáticos com simetria esférica

Ivo Martins Daher 07 August 2008 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta dissertação, procuramos soluções exatas das equações de campo de Einstein em Relatividade Geral que descrevem um fluido perfeito em um espaço-tempo estático com simetria esférica. A técnica utilizada para encontrar essas soluções é o algoritmo de Kovacic, que pode ser aplicado a equações diferenciais ordinárias lineares e homogêneas de segunda ordem com coeficientes racionais. Esse algoritmo é capaz de nos dar soluções fechadas em termos de funções liouvillianas, se tal equação tiver esse tipo de solução. Para esse fim, vários sistemas de coordenadas foram investigados até encontrar o que fosse mais adequado à aplicação do algoritmo. Impondo que a função da métrica 11 g seja racional, ficamos com uma equação diferencial linear e homogênea de segunda ordem que tem coeficientes racionais. Nesse trabalho, as formas arbitradas foram: g11=-A/4x x-z1/x-Z1, g11=-A/4x x-z1/(x-Z1)(x-Z2), g11=-A/4x (x-z1) (x-z2)/x-Z1 e g11= -A/4x (x-z1) (x-z2)/ 4x(x-Z1) (x-Z2) onde x é uma coordenada espacial da métrica e Α, z1 , z2 , Z1 e Z2 são parâmetros dos modelos. Depois de obter soluções analíticas, verificamos se elas satisfazem determinadas condições físicas e, então, poderiam ser utilizadas como modelos de estrelas de nêutrons sem rotação (estrelas de alta densidade).
7

Sasakian Exact Solutions for Spinning Black Holes in Superstring Inspired Gravities / 超弦由来の諸重力理論における回転ブラックホールと連関した佐々木構造を備える厳密解

Takeuchi, Hiroshi 23 May 2013 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第17770号 / 理博第3893号 / 新制||理||1561(附属図書館) / 30577 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 青山 秀明, 教授 畑 浩之, 准教授 早田 次郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
8

Axial loading of bonded rubber blocks.

Horton, J.M., Tupholme, Geoffrey E., Gover, Michael J.C. January 2002 (has links)
No / Axially loaded rubber blocks of long, thin rectangular and circular cross section whose ends are bonded to rigid plates are studied. Closed-form expressions, which satisfy exactly the governing equations and conditions based upon the classical theory of elasticity, are derived for the total axial deflection and stress distribution using a superposition approach. The corresponding relations are presented for readily calculating the apparent Young's modulus, Ea, the modified modulus, E'a, and the deformed lateral profiles of the blocks. From these, improved approximate elementary expressions for evaluating Ea and E'a are deduced. These estimates, and the precisely found values, agree for large values of the shape factor S, with those previously suggested, but also fit the experimental data more closely for small values of S. Confirmation is provided that the assumption of a parabolic lateral profile is invalid for small values of S.
9

A Study on the Solving Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapesof Multi-Span Beams with Springs and Masses

Lin, Hsien-yuan 11 May 2006 (has links)
Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of multi-span uniform and multi-step Euler-Bernoulli beams with various concentrated elements (such as point masses, rotary inertias, linear springs, rotational springs, spring-mass systems, etc.) by using the matrix assembly method (MAM). To this end, the coefficient matrices for an intermediate pinned support, an intermediate concentrated elements, left-end support and right-end support of a beam are derived, first. Next, the overall coefficient matrix for the whole structural system is obtained by using the assembly technique of the finite element method. Finally, the natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of the vibrating system are determined by equating the determinant of the last overall coefficient matrix to zero and substituting the corresponding values of integration constants into the associated eigenfunctions respectively. The effects of in-span pinned supports and various concentrated elements on the free vibration characteristics of the beam are also studied.
10

COMPARAÇÃO DE DOIS TIPOS DE SOLUÇÃO NO POSICIONAMENTO COM RECEPTORES GPS / COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO TYPES OF SOLUTION IN THE POSITIONING WITH GPS RECEIVERS

Dockhorn, Erika Silva 25 August 2006 (has links)
The basic principle of GPS use consists in the simultaneous measure of the distances between the receiver antenna and at least four satellites of the constellation. Known the distance from the satellite to the receiver antenna and the satellites coordinates, it is possible to calculate the user antenna coordinates in the same reference system of the satellites. The determination of X, Y, Z coordinates of the receiver antenna and the time (t) is done by the resolution of a equations system constituted by the same number of satellites, whose information be used at that time. The coordinates of the GPS receiver antenna can be calculated using two forms of solution: using the linearized formularization and using the exact formularization. This work has as objective to make a comparison between the absolute and relative positioning methods and their forms of solution: linearized and exact. To reach the proposed objectives one polygonal with nine vextexes was implanted in UFSM campus whose coordinates they had been determined by perimetrical path method using a Total Station. After, data collection of the each vertex with GPS receivers was performed. Later, data processing was carried out in the following way: for data processing in the linearized form Spectrum Survey software was used and for the processing in the exact form, a software was developed. The analysis of the results allowed to verify that data processing using the two solution forms are adequate to perform coordinates calculation once that they did not present significant difference when the two procedures were compared. When individually compared with the results supplied by the perimetrical path method using a Total Station, the exact solution showed to be more consistent than the linearized solution. The conclusion of this work is that the proposal methodology was able to supply the vertex coordinates presenting a way to carry out these calculations in a faster form and with the same reliability that the traditionally used method offers. / O principio básico do uso do GPS consiste na medida simultânea das distâncias entre a antena do receptor e quatro satélites da constelação, no mínimo. Conhecida a distância do satélite à antena do receptor e as coordenadas dos satélites é possível calcular as coordenadas da antena do usuário no mesmo sistema de referência dos satélites. A determinação das coordenadas X, Y, Z da antena do receptor e o tempo (t) é feita pela resolução de um sistema de equações constituído pelo mesmo numero de satélites, cujas informações sejam utilizadas naquela época. As coordenadas da antena do receptor GPS podem ser calculadas utilizando-se duas formas de solução: a que utiliza uma formulação linearizada e a que utiliza uma formulação exata. Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma comparação entre os métodos de posicionamento absoluto e relativo e suas formas de solução: a linearizada e a exata. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foi implantada no campus da UFSM uma poligonal com nove vértices cujas coordenadas foram determinadas pelo método do caminhamento perimétrico com o auxílio de uma estação total e posteriorrmente foi feita a coleta dos dados referentes a cada vértice com os receptores GPS. A seguir foi realizado o processamento dos dados, da seguinte maneira: para o processamento dos dados na forma linearizada utilizou se o programa Spectrum Survey e para o processamento da forma exata desenvolveu-se um aplicativo onde foram processadas as informações. A análise dos resultados permitiram verificar que o processamento dos dados utilizando as duas formas de solução são adequadas para fazer o cálculo das coordenadas uma vez que não apresentaram diferença significativa quando os dois procedimentos foram comparados entre si. Quando comparados individualmente com os resultados fornecidos pelo método do caminhamento perimétrico com estação total, a solução exata mostrou ser mais consistente que a solução linearizada. A conclusão deste trabalho é que a metodologia proposta foi capaz de fornecer as coordenadas dos vértices apresentando uma maneira de realizar estes cálculos de forma mais rápida e com a mesma confiança que o método tradicionalmente utilizado.

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