Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology University of Zululand, South Africa, 2011. / The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether female high school learners are knowledgeable of and practise breast self examination. The pre-measurement and postmeasurement single group design was used to ascribe differences between the pre- and postmeasurements to the experimental intervention. The sample was focused on two groups: multiracial (n = 56) and rural high school (n = 71) learners. These two groups were interviewed using a structured questionnaire (Pillay, 2002) assessing their knowledge and practice regarding breast self examination. The age range of the participants was between 14 and 21 years with a mean age of 16.65 years. Results showed that more than half (62.9%) of the total sample were aware of breast self examination. Older learners in higher grades were more knowledgeable about breast self examination than those who were younger and doing lower grades. Of those learners who were aware of breast self examination, 57.5% practiced BSE. Breast cancer awareness programme that was provided during the study had a great impact on the responses of the learners. Knowledge of BSE had a significant improvement. Public health education is a factor that impacts on young women’s knowledge and understanding of breast cancer. Based on these young women’s responses, it has been concluded that current public health education is either not communicating its message or failing to reach enough women. Based on this assumption and the knowledge that most breast awareness campaigns are aimed at older women, it is recommended that an important improvement may be to target women at younger ages to educate them about what is normal or not, and what they should know and be aware of regarding their bodies.

Background : Frequency Doubling Perimetry ( FDP ) is a recently developed form of perimetry, which may be more sensitive for detecting visual field loss from glaucoma than conventional Achromatic Automated Perimetry ( AAP ). This thesis was undertaken to study aspects of FDP for the detection of early glaucoma. Method : FDP was compared with other forms of perimetry at one point in time using one dataset ( n = 83 ) and longitudinally over a four - year period with another dataset ( n = 62 ). Several aspects were studied : ( 1 ) the ability of FDP to detect visual field loss earlier than AAP, ( 2 ) its ability to detect early functional abnormality in the presence of mild glaucomatous structural abnormality ( 3 ) visual field topography compared with other perimetry and ( 4 ) its ability to predict future field loss when only the nasal quadrants were considered. Results : When subjects at risk of glaucoma with initial visual field loss on FDP were followed over a three - year period, a significant proportion developed field loss with AAP, whilst those without initial FDP loss did not. FDP detected cases of early glaucomatous optic disc damage, which had not been detected using AAP ; however, there was still a proportion of those with abnormal optic discs which remained normal on FDP. FDP field topography was hill - shaped with the most sensitive point centrally ; however, it was considerably flatter and more sensitive than AAP. Finally, if FDP field loss was only considered significant when it occurred within the nasal step location of the visual field, then this may improve the accuracy of glaucoma diagnosis. Conclusion : This thesis has demonstrated that FDP is not only more sensitive than AAP in the detection of glaucomatous optic disc damage, but it is able to predict future field loss on AAP. FDP may therefore be useful in the early detection and management of glaucoma. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Medicine, 2006.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of breast self-examination (BSE) among adolescent females. The tool used to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of BSE was based on the Health Belief Model. The design was a two group pretest, post-test, quasi-experimental design. Using 2X2 repeated measures revealed there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in attitudes and beliefs. However, there was a significant increase in the knowledge level of BSE for the group who received BSE instruction when compared to the group who did not receive BSE instruction. The researcher recommended that research be continued using a larger, heterogeneous sample. / School of Nursing

This thesis investigates methods of assessing students' mathematical ability by using the computer. It starts by reviewing the general types of assessment within mathematics educational software and then describes some different ways of presenting the assessment on the computer by the use of varying types of questions. In Chapter 2 there is a review of the literature and research conducted in the area of computer assessment of mathematics. In particular, the most prevalent dilemmas of computer aided learning and computer aided assessment are highlighted whilst looking forward at how the contents of further chapters in the thesis can help in addressing some of these difficulties. The following chapter gives an historical account of how the CALM(1) software has addressed some of the inherent difficulties of assessment and highlights the ways in which some of these hurdles have been overcome. The shortfalls of CALM are described and, where relevant, pointers to the parts of thesis which tackle these shortfalls are given. In particular, the work in Chapter 4 undertakes an improvement in the way simple mathematical expressions(2) can be handled as it shows how binary tree constructions can be utilised within an educational environment. Chapter 5 tests out two applications of the binary tree structures with the creation of a tool to aid student-computer communication of mathematics and by providing a method of comparing student-set questions against a true answer. The following chapter describes an educational experiment which set out to show how a computer can be used to assess students' mathematical ability during a formal university examination. It deals with very important educational issues which arise when performing such examinations and gives conclusions as to their educational validity. In particular, issues of student input, partial credit, objectivity, consistency, flexibility and efficiency are considered along with the impact that this research could have for future testing of mathematics. The final chapter describes how the thesis has been instrumental in further research and development within the field of computer assessment of mathematics. (1)CALM is the acronym for the Computer Aided Learning in Mathematics project at the Department of Mathematics, Heriot- Watt University. (2)in this thesis, the word expression is taken to be a mathematical entity which does not contain any comparison operators.

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Thesis (MEd (Literacy and Language Education)) --University of South Australia, 1994

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 76 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-43).