Thesis (Ph.D.)--Vanderbilt University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 89-98.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 112-115.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 148-154.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2001. / Advisers: Ofer Bar-Yosef, K.C. Chang, Yun Kuen Lee, Richard H. Meadow. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>The subject of this essay in archaeology is the economy at the mining village of Saladuringthe 16th and early 17th century. The silvermine in Sala was once the foremost producer of silver in Sweden, and the mine as well as the mining village had had a long and rich history. This history can be seen in historical documents as well as in archaeological findings. The lure of silver attracted many different people to the mining village. This in turn madetrade an important part of the mining village. The trade made it possible for coins to circulatefreely and this made it possible for a monetary based economy to be established in the miningvillage. The focus of this essay is mainly on coin finds, but also on other archaeological items foundduring excavations of the mining village. These other archaeological finds can shed some light on the type of economy that existed in the mining village. Included is a comparison of coin finds in two other locations, namely the chapel ruins of St. Ursula in Västerås and Vårfrukyrkan in Enköping. Each of the churches is located near Sala and were used contemporary with the mining village. The purpose of including them into this study is to see whether these churches used the same stock of coin as they did in the mining village.</p>

One of the most common retaining systems for deep excavations is by supporting a wall with multiple levels of anchors. In densely built urban areas, preventing soil movement with such a system can be very costly. Additionally, anchored walls are assumed and forced to act independently during design calculations, thus fail to take the advantage of the rigidity of the whole system at the corners of the excavation area. An alternative support system that uses the entire system is bracing of the walls with struts. But such a system greatly hinders construction space. In this research, a new type of supporting system has been investigated by performing a parametric study in finite element analyses program. New system is a single ring at each support level, supporting the system at several locations. A comparative study has been undertaken between the conventional systems and the new system in both 2D and 3D. PLAXIS finite element analysis software was used for the analyses. The primary aim was to investigate the structural and geotechnical performance of the arch supported system. The study revealed that the new system provides improvement for specific cases and can be considered as an alternatve support system for such cases.

This thesis was to develop a bone artifact typology for the Oregon coast. This typology was used to test the hypothesis that different geographical regions of the Oregon coast would have different artifact assemblages associated with them. These regions, identified by geologist from landform changes, have been defined as: region 1, from the Columbia River to Tillamook Head; region 2, from Tillamook Head to Heceta Head; region 3, from Heceta Head to Cape Arago; region 4, from Cape Arago to the California boarder. Three criteria were used to develop the bone artifact typology; (1) the artifact must be made from bone, antler, or tooth; (2) the use of the artifact as determined from previous experimental archaeology or ethnography; (3) where artifacts were used for a similar purpose, obvious differences in shape and/ or decoration were used. Fifteen sites on the Oregon coast, two to four sites from each region, were used to develop the typology and test the hypothesis. Some patterns were apparent in the distribution of the artifact assemblages from the Oregon coast sites and there appeared to be some tentative corralation with the geographic regions as stated above. Bilaterally barbed harpoons only appear in sites in region 1. Headscratchers only appear in sites in the southern half of the Oregon coast. Evidence suggested that the composite toggling harpoon was developed in the northern northwest coast and was introduced 3000 or more years ago in region 1, and spread slowly down the Oregon coast until it reached region 3 and 4 only 500 years ago. / Graduation date: 1991