An assemblage of distinctive projectile points from the Fincastle site (DlOx-5), Alberta at c. 2500 B.P. instigated an analysis of archaeological cultures on the Northern Plains during the late Middle Prehistoric Period. Archaeological sites included in this study are from the Pelican Lake Phase, the Besant Phase, the Sandy Creek Complex, a previously Unnamed Complex, and the Plains Woodland at approximately 2500 – 1250 B.P. A projectile point analysis was conducted on assemblages from Fincastle, EbPi-63, EgPn-111, Kenney (DjPk-1), Leavitt (24LT22), Muhlbach (FbPf-1), and Smith-Swainson (FeOw-1) sites. As part of this study, nearly 40 metric and non-metric attributes were examined in approximately 500 projectile points from these seven sites. Research findings indicate that two coeval groups existed in Alberta, identified as the Kenney and Sonota subphases of the Besant Phase. Two additional subphases are hypothesized for the Besant Phase in Wyoming and Montana. / xix, 379 leaves ; 29 cm.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 430-465). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

Since the 1970s, the study of molecular organics preserved in archaeological ceramics, commonly referred to as organic residue analysis, has been used to infer vessel use and study dietary, economic, and ritual activities in the past. The purpose of this project is to analyse organic residues from a variety of ancient vessels and attempt to understand further the relationship between molecular organic preservation and vessel characteristics. It has been previously assumed that the absorption of these organics in the ceramic matrix is predominantly responsible for their preservation. The clarification of this or other preservative mechanisms and the further understanding of the relationships of vessels with their contents has a direct impact on the interpretation of organic residues and vessel use. The first section addresses the preservation of molecular organics in pottery vessels from Tel Kabri, Israel; Tel Megiddo, Israel; and Lefkandi, Greece. The one hundred and thirty-three samples from these three sites represent vessels used in domestic, burial, ritual, and elite contexts from the Early Bronze Age through the Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean. The focus of the study is the quantification of residue yields and identification of potential links with vessel properties and characteristics of the ceramic samples. Sequential extractions using two methods, conventional chloroform/methanol solvent extraction and direct FAME extraction/derivatisation, were applied to the sherds to test the absorption and adsorption of organics into ceramic materials. The majority of samples were tested non-destructively, enabling the comparison of residue yields to certain vessel properties and characteristics displayed in the same sherds. Where available, data concerning vessel form, sampling location on the vessel profile, thickness measurements were recorded, and XRF measurements were taken, with this in mind. The second section investigates the question of whether bronze and copper alloy vessels have the capability to preserve molecular organics within their corrosion products. Twenty-two samples of corrosion and associated material from five Early Roman bronze vessels found in cremation burials during the A2 Pepperhill to Cobham project in County Kent, United Kingdom were studied for organic material. These samples provide some of the first evidence that the residues of original content are preserved in copper alloy vessels either through entrapment in or reactions with copper corrosion.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 G73 / Master of Science

The late third millennium B.C. in Israel until recently was known by funerary deposits only. At Jebel Qaᶜaqir, the domestic and funerary remains provide an unprecedented assemblage and permit a reassessment of Early Bronze IV society and events culminating in the collapse of the Early Bronze III urban centers. Historically, pottery studies have focused on chronological issues. After reviewing the history of ceramic analysis in Israel for the past one hundred years, the Jebel Qaᶜaqir collection is presented. Variation in the manufacturing technique and incised patterns are described in detail for the purpose of identifying the work of individual potters. Ethnoarchaeological research of pottery production, especially the Filipino potters of Paradijon, provide the model for this analysis. The nature of the late third millennium B.C. pastoral nomadic society is examined in terms of subsistence strategies and settlement distribution. Inferences regarding social organization drawn from mortuary practices, settlement types and organization of labor challenge the idea that an egalitarian society persisted. Finally, these results provide a new perspective on the events following the collapse of the third millennium B.C. urban centers and the succeeding era of a non-sedentary lifestyle in Israel. The nomadic pastoralists are considered in their regional setting as an integral, indigenous part of Early Bronze Age society. Rather than viewing the pastoralists as a new phenomenon, they are considered as an ever-present characteristic of the urban hinterland.

Salvage operations in Hohokam sites of the Colonial, Sedentary and Classic periods. Includes appendices on prehistoric maize and textiles.

No description available.

No description available.

Στην παράκτια ζώνη μεταξύ των οικισμών Τράπεζας και Διακοπτού, του Δ. Αιγιαλείας, βρίσκεται η θέση Γιαννιά, όπου κατά την τελευταία πενταετία (2007-2012) διενεργήθηκε από τη ΣΤ΄ Εφορεία Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων μεγάλη σωστική ανασκαφική έρευνα, στο πλαίσιο της κατασκευής της νέας σιδηροδρομικής γραμμής Αθηνών – Πατρών. Στην ανωτέρω θέση, η αρχαιολογική σκαπάνη έφερε στο φως σε έκταση περίπου δύο στρεμμάτων κτιριακά κατάλοιπα από έναν άγνωστο μέχρι σήμερα αρχαίο οικισμό. Σύμφωνα με τα ευρήματα της ανασκαφής ιδρύθηκε στα τέλη της αρχαϊκής εποχής (τέλη 6ου αι. π.Χ. - αρχές 5ου αι. π.Χ.) και εγκαταλείφθηκε οριστικά στους ελληνιστικούς χρόνους (μετά τα μέσα του 3ου αι. π.Χ., μέσα στο τρίτο τέταρτο του 3ου αι. π.Χ.). Πρόσφατες επιφανειακές έρευνες συνδέουν τον οικισμό με την αρχαία πόλη Βούρα και σε συνδυασμό με τα ανασκαφικά στοιχεία οδηγούν στην εκτίμηση πως πρόκειται για το επίνειό της. Ο αρχαίος οικισμός βρίσκεται στη βάση του ανατολικού τμήματος του ρήγματος της Ελίκης και προσφέρεται για την ανάλυση της πιθανής επίπτωσης του ρήγματος στην εξέλιξή του. Για να διερευνηθεί αυτή η υπόθεση στην παρούσα εργασία αναλύονται τα χαρακτηριστικά δύο εκτεταμένων στρωμάτων καταστροφής από κτίρια που κατέρρευσαν μαζί με τη στέγη τους, διαρρήξεις του εδάφους πέριξ και εντός των κτιρίων, οι συστηματικές αλλοιώσεις σε δομικά στοιχεία, επιδιορθώσεις σε κτίρια, η εύρεση χώρων με το περιεχόμενό τους άθικτο κάτω από τα ερείπια, ίχνη φωτιάς, η μεγάλη αλλαγή στο πολεοδομικό σχέδιο που ακολούθησε την πρώτη καταστροφή και η ξαφνική και οριστική εγκατάλειψη του οικισμού μετά τη δεύτερη καταστροφή. Όλα τα ανωτέρω στοιχεία καταδεικνύουν δύο καταστροφικά σεισμικά γεγονότα μέσα σε χρονικό διάστημα ίσως μόλις είκοσι-τριάντα ετών, τα οποία εντάσσονται στις δύο τελευταίες φάσεις κατοίκησης του οικισμού. Ο πρώτος σεισμός χρονολογείται στο πρώτο με δεύτερο τέταρτο του 3ου αι. π.Χ. η πιθανά μόνο μέσα στο δεύτερο τέταρτο του 3ου αι. π.Χ. και ο δεύτερος σεισμός συνέβη λίγο μετά τα μέσα του 3ου αι. π.Χ., μέσα στο τρίτο τέταρτο του ίδιου αιώνα. Επιπλέον ενδείξεις για προγενέστερους σεισμούς και άλλες καταστροφές, αν και βρέθηκαν, δεν έγινε δυνατό να διερευνηθούν από την άποψη της περιόδου εκδήλωσής τους. Επίσης, άλλα φυσικά καταστροφικά φαινόμενα που έλαβαν χώρα πιθανά σχετίζονται με την κατάχωση του οικισμού μετά την εγκατάλειψή του. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από τον αρχαίο οικισμό εγείρουν νέες σκέψεις για την πληρέστερη κατανόηση της δράσης του ρήγματος της Ελίκης στους ελληνιστικούς χρόνους, αλλά και την ανάκαμψη της περιοχής μετά το διάσημο σεισμό του 373 π.Χ. Συνακόλουθα, οι νέοι σεισμοί χρονολογημένοι με μεγάλη σχετικά ακρίβεια και τεκμηριωμένοι από την παρούσα αρχαιοσεισμολογική έρευνα, θα πρέπει να προστεθούν στους καταλόγους της Ιστορικής Σεισμικότητας. Η προσφορά της αρχαιολογικής έρευνας συνεπικουρούμενη από τη γεωλογική γνώση αναδεικνύεται πολύτιμη σε έναν τόπο, όπως η Αιγιάλεια, όπου η ενεργός τεκτονική καθορίζει το παρόν και το μέλλον της. / During the last five years (2007-2012) the ΣΤ΄ Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities proceeded to a great rescue excavation due to the construction of a new railway line from Athens to Patras on the location of Giannia which lies on the coastal zone between the settlements of Trapeza and Diakopto in Aigialeia Municipality.The excavation on the above location on an area of two thousand sq. metres revealed architectural remnants from an unknown ancient settlement. The findings are dated in the end of the archaic era (late 6th century B.C.-early 5th century BC) to the Hellenistic years (middle 3rd century BC or a bit later). The settlement was definitely deserted during the second half of the 3rd century BC, possibly in the third quarter of the 3rd century BC. A recent Archaeological field survey connects the settlement with the ancient town Voura and the excavation data lead to the estimation that it might have been its seaport. This ancient settlement is located on the footwall of the eastern segment of the Eliki fault and it is for further investigation of a possible effect of the fault on the progress of the settlement. To further explore this matter, the features of two extensive destruction layers are analysed on the presented work which is consisted of research on the collapsed roofs and walls of the buildings, faulted structures inside and around the buildings, the systematic deformations of the structures, repaired buildings, the findings of places along with their entire content under the ruins, traces of possible fire, essential change on the town planning which followed after the first destruction and the sudden and definite abandonment of the settlement after the second calamity. All the mentioned above features establish two disastrous seismic shocks within the short time of twenty to thirty years within which the last two phases of inhabitance of the settlement is identified. The first earthquake is dated in the first quarter of the 3rd century BC to the second quarter of the 3rd century BC and possibly late in the second quarter of the 3rd century BC and the second earthquake a short after the middle of the 3rd century BC in the third quarter of the 3rd century BC. Further signs for prior earthquakes and other disasters, although there were indicated, however, they were not possible to be explored regarding the time of their onset. There might also have taken place some other disastrous phenomena related to the site plunging after its abandonment. The evidence emerged from this ancient settlement raise new thoughts for a complete understanding of the activity of the Eliki fault during the Hellenistic Times and also about the resurgence of the area after the well known earthquake in 373 BC. Subsequently, the later earthquakes accurately dated and well documented by the present archaeoseismological research should be listed on the catalogues of the Historical Seismicity. The archaeological research assisted with the geological knowledge become valuable in a place such as Aigialeia where the active Tectonics define its present and its future.

In the earlier part of this century, archaeology was imported into biblical studies as a tool to demonstrate the historical accuracy of the Bible. Methodological differences, however, prevented very meaningful dialogue and eventually the two disciplines drifted apart. Archaeology has matured in the intervening years and now can enter a dialogue with biblical studies as an independent discipline. While biblical studies and archaeology work with different sets of data and approach the same subject with different questions, the disciplines can meaningfully intersect when they are interpreted through the perspective of anthropology of religion. Anthropology, with its study of the nature of religion and ritual, provides a matrix into which archaeology and biblical studies can place their respective data and find an interpretive framework. This dissertation uses Josiah's reforms (2 Kings 23) as a test case to bring archaeology and biblical studies into dialogue. The text lists activities and artifacts that were objects of Josiah's reform. The first three chapters deal with biblical and general anthropological data. Chapters four and five focus specifically on bamot and goddess worship. Chapter six discusses an array of artifacts: worship of the heavenly bodies, cult functionaries, child sacrifice, standing stones, the occult, and figurines. Each section examines the biblical data, anthropological theory, and any artifactual evidence that might reflect cultic practices. The purpose has been not to offer a comprehensive or exhaustive list of artifacts, but to show the types of objects that attracted Josiah's attention.