As the global population approaches 11 billion people, demands for sustainable food, energy, and water (FEW) are approaching unprecedented levels. Current technology places sustainable FEW production methods in direct competition with one another for global surface area, such as land area for agriculture versus photovoltaic farms. This is because current installation methods for solar modules create deep shading that suppresses plant growth. The field of agrivoltaics (AgPV) addresses this issue directly by optimizing coproduction strategies for FEW and developing systems where competition is reduced; however, previous work has seen reductions in agricultural output. AgPV, where module architecture is also modified and agricultural output is minimally impacted, requires novel multi-level experimental design and characterization. In my proposed thesis, I will address the following two aspects of the project: (1) a farm-level experimental analysis of existing PV and (2) a device-level analysis of new and emerging PV material candidates. To establish the plausibility of this work, I designed and implemented an agrivoltaic system with two treatments that was successfully farmed this year. In my thesis, I will demonstrate a fully characterized utility scale AgPV array through several steps. First, I will validate the prior simulation work on the constructed AgPV array. Then I will experimentally correlate crop growth underneath the AgPV experiment. Next, the effects of the shadowing from the array on crop growth will be quantified. I will optimize the tracking algorithm for the array to maximize crop growth during the summer and power production during other seasons. Finally, I will investigate a platform for evaluation of novel PV materials and devices tailored for AgPV systems using Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy (PLE) where I redesigned, constructed, and validated a new experimental design.

This dissertation focuses on the development of analytical methods based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and their applications for separation and structural characterization of oligosaccharides. Porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography (PGC-LC), gated-trapped ion mobility spectrometry (Gated-TIMS), and electronic excitation dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (EED MS/MS) are three essential techniques employed here. First, the EED method was optimized to generate more informative glycan tandem mass spectra for accurate structural analysis. Glycans were reduced and permethylated or labeled with a reducing-end fixed charge to increase sensitivity, avoid gas-phase structural rearrangement, and facilitate spectral interpretation. EED of glycans produced nearly complete series of Z-, Y- and 1,5X-ions, that appear in the spectra as triplets with characteristic spacing, thus facilitating accurate determination of the glycan topology. Additional radical-driven dissociation pathways were identified, from which different types of linkage-diagnostic ions (cross-ring, secondary, or internal fragments) were generated. The results demonstrated that linkage analysis can be accomplished by utilizing one or a combination of several linkage-diagnostic fragments. EED MS/MS was then implemented, in conjunction with PGC-LC or Gated-TIMS, for on-line separation and characterization of complex mixtures of glycans. These two methods were successfully applied for high-throughput and detailed structural analysis of N-glycans released from human serum, O-glycans released from bovine submaxillary mucin and free oligosaccharides. The performance of these methods was tested and improved through analysis of different types of glycans from a variety of biological sources. Finally, in collaboration with bioinformaticians, a spectral interpretation algorithm, GlycoDeNovo, has been developed for automated and de novo glycan topology reconstruction from their tandem mass spectra. A large number of EED tandem spectra of glycan standards generated in house were used as the training dataset to establish appropriate IonClassifiers for candidate ranking. GlycoDeNovo is capable of identifying correct topologies from MS/MS spectra of glycans in different derivatized forms. Several aspects of this collaborative project were covered in this thesis, including glycan derivatization, data acquisition and manual spectral interpretation to guide the development and evaluate the performance of the automated approach. In this thesis research, integrated approaches utilizing PGC-LC–EED-MS/MS and Gated-TIMS–EED-MS/MS, and the appropriate bioinformatics software, have been established for structural analysis of glycan mixtures. They hold great potential for comprehensive, automated, and de novo glycome characterization.

In two experiments, second-order conditioned taste aversion techniques were employed to develop aversions in rats, with a geotactic-excitation procedure as the independent variable. Periodic tilting of an experimental apparatus resulted in angular orientation changes of all subjects located within compartments of the chamber. The effect was excitation of geotactic behaviors, expressed as locomotor activity within the confines of these compartments. In the first experiment, two groups of rats (n = 6) were exposed to experimental protocols which were identical with the exception of the independent variable. Three conditioning trials were presented, separated by five to seven days, within which strychnine injections preceded LiCl injections by 15 minutes. A treatment trial was presented five days following the last drug pairing, in which a novel flavor was available in lieu of tap water. Immediately following the 10-min water-access period, an injection of the CS-drug was administered. Testing for evidence of second-order CTA was conducted via presentation of the flavored solution on the fifth day following treatment. statistically significant results were obtained in terms of Learned Aversion Ratios and CTA Suppression Ratios. A second experiment was conducted in an attempt to isolate the influence of the excitation procedures with other drug-pairings. Five groups of rats (n = 6 in each group) were run in which hypertonic saline was paired with LiCl, strychnine, or hypertonic saline. Combinations of saline and the US-drugs were tested with and without the excitation procedures. A no-injection group (n = 6) received exposure to the flavor stimulus followed only by the excitation procedure. Results obtained on the Learned Aversion Ratios were statistically significant and in the predicted direction. The excitation group in which saline had been paired with LiCl showed a significant aversion ratio compared to the appropriate control groups, the Saline-Saline Group and the No-Injection Group. The Saline-Strychnine Excitation Group also showed a significant Learned Aversion Ratio compared to its respective control group and to the No-Injection Excitation Group. The implications of these results for such issues as stimulus equipotentiality, avfail, and research methodology and CTA research in general may provide additional foundations for future research in this experimental area.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18068号 / 理博第3946号 / 新制||理||1568(附属図書館) / 30926 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 延與 佳子, 教授 畑 浩之, 准教授 板垣 直之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

This dissertation is author version of following the journal article. Rei Mizuno, Yuji Kamioka, Kenji Kabashima, Masamichi Imajo, Kenta Sumiyama, Eiji Nakasho, Takeshi Ito, Yoko Hamazaki, Yoshihisa Okuchi, Yoshiharu Sakai, Etsuko Kiyokawa, and Michiyuki Matsuda. "In vivo imaging reveals PKA regulation of ERK activity during neutrophil recruitment to inflamed intestines" J Exp Med 2014 211:1123-1136. Published May 19, 2014, doi:10.1084/jem.20132112 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18542号 / 医博第3935号 / 新制||医||1006(附属図書館) / 31442 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 岩井 一宏, 教授 千葉 勉, 教授 長澤 丘司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第18611号 / エネ博第307号 / 新制||エネ||63(附属図書館) / 31511 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー応用科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大垣 英明, 教授 白井 康之, 教授 松田 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20175号 / 理博第4260号 / 新制||理||1612(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 高柳 匡, 教授 杉本 茂樹, 教授 川合 光 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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